Mediterranean Hegemony Road

Time passed by in a hurry, and 1927 came to an end in a flash.

This year has been a good year for the people of all European countries. The world economy is booming. With the disintegration of the Russian Empire, the shadow of Europe has disappeared, and world peace has taken another step forward.

In 1927, the global economy grew by 5 percentage points, of course this is the averaged data!

In this era of great economic prosperity, it is mainly the economic prosperity of Europe and the United States, and some parts of Asia are developing well, and it has nothing to do with the backward non-colonies.

Among them, the economies of Britain, France, Bulgaria, Germany, and Austria developed the most rapidly, and then the world's total economic volume soared.

Together, these five major economies account for 72 percent of the world's total economic output. It can be said that the economic prosperity of these countries leads to the prosperity of the world economy.

If the GDP is counted, the growth rate of this era is absolutely jaw-dropping. London's GDP growth rate exceeded 30% this year.

In fact, there is no practical significance. It is nothing more than adding a few real estates, and the housing prices have risen a lot, which has increased the total economic volume of London.

Affected by the real estate boom, the wages of British construction workers soared by 20% this year, as if the best of times had come.

Affected by the rapid economic growth, even the situation in Southeast Asia has not improved, and the British people have not let the cabinet of Stanley Baldwin step down. After all, it is hard to find such experts in economic development!

Not only in the UK, but also in the whole of Europe, the real estate development speed is very fast. As long as the housing prices in big cities are going up, the real estate speculators group has been born and is conducting the most superficial operations.

Bulgaria is no exception, but the real estate speculators hit a wall this time.

The biggest landowner in Bulgaria is the government. Without their cooperation, it would be impossible to achieve super high housing prices?

What is even more tragic is Bulgaria's real estate transaction law. All second-hand houses that are purchased will be subject to a 20% property tax if they are re-traded within ten years, and a 50% property tax will be levied if they are re-transacted within five years.

That is to say, if you want to make short-term investment, if the housing price increases by less than 50% within five years, you want to make a loss if you want to sell.

It is easy to buy, but difficult to sell at a high price. How can it be so easy to find a successor when you go to a country with a vast land and few people to overtake a house and hold a large amount of real estate?

Bulgaria has no restrictions on land for building houses. As long as you have money to buy land, you can develop real estate at will. The housing market for urban residents has long been saturated.

Now nearly half of the real estate in the cities of Bulgaria is developed by the government. As long as someone dares to buy it, Ferdinand dares to sell it.

When there is a shortage of houses, the government will continue to develop real estate. If you want to hoard houses, as long as you have money, you can play as you like. There are no restrictions, and there is no property tax.

In the face of a government with unlimited supply of real estate, any real estate speculators will collapse, and they cannot create a shortage in the market. How to raise housing prices?

By the end of 1927, Sofia's real estate transaction prices had only increased by 30% compared with ten years ago, which was not as much as London's one-quarter increase.

Affected by the good news of real estate, the British economic growth rate reached an astonishing 12.1% in 1927, setting a new high in fifty years.

The usury empire next door was even fiercer. In 1927, the economic growth rate soared to 13.8%, surpassing the peak level in 1914 in one fell swoop.

As a price, in 1927, the total industrial volume of the British mainland fell by 15.3%, less than two-thirds of that before the World War.

Affected by this, steel production fell below 7 million tons, and coal energy consumption also dropped by 16%.

If it continues, it won't be long before the smelly London will cease to exist, and the green mountains and green waters will be just around the corner.

Ferdinand can also be regarded as having made a major contribution to the cause of environmental protection in the UK.

The situation in France is much better.

In 1927, the total industrial volume of France also fell by 3 percentage points, and the steel output remained unchanged at 6.8 million tons, which was regarded as stable.

This has something to do with the industrial structure of the two countries. As far as the French industries can be transferred, almost all of them were transferred in the first two years.

Coupled with the relationship of local resources, the profits of light industries such as food processing and wine have always been very good. Even if the French transfer production capacity, it is impossible to give up these advantageous industries.

The British are incomparable in this aspect. Most of their raw materials need to be shipped back from overseas colonies, manufactured into products and then sold back to the colonies.

Not only does it increase the freight, but also the high local labor costs, naturally there is not much profit.

Therefore, British capitalists can transfer these industries out without hesitation to obtain greater benefits.

The French capitalists are different. The raw materials are produced locally. Instead of shipping them out for OEM and then shipping them back, it is more convenient to produce them locally.

Industrial transfer is like a gate, once opened, it can never be closed again.

In order to pursue profits, capitalists build factories in areas where raw materials are produced or where human resources are cheap, which is more in line with their interests.

It can be said that the future industry hollowing out of Britain and France has become a foregone conclusion. And it will be passed on to European countries. In the future, labor-intensive industries will bid farewell to Europe.

This is also the reason why Ferdinand has to continue to expand. If we do not control the origin of some raw materials, we will face a very embarrassing problem in the future economic development, and the production cost of products will lose competitiveness.

Your Majesty, this is our domestic economic development report in 1927, followed by the economic development of countries around the world. Constantine said

In terms of fiscal revenue, the total government revenue of Bulgaria in 1927 was 17.812 billion levs (approximately 712 million pounds), which was only lower than the 940 million pounds of the British Empire, far exceeding the 72.8 billion francs of the French (after depreciation, About £262 million).

(Remarks: After the World War, affected by inflation, the currencies of all countries have depreciated, because the production of gold has increased, and the ratio linked to gold has not changed, but the purchasing power has declined)

It can be said that among the so-called three major European countries, the French have completely fallen behind, and there is still a qualitative gap.

This is still based on Ferdinand's butterfly effect. The French lost so much in World War I, and there are more Cuban colonies and part of the control of the Panama Canal.

The data in history is much more miserable than it is now. It has the status of a big country, but it does not have the economic strength to match it.

In terms of economic strength, the current British Empire is somewhat stronger than the United States at the same time in history, while Bulgaria is weaker than the United States.

If it weren't for the impact of the war in Southeast Asia, the British fiscal revenue could have increased by tens of millions of pounds.

If you calculate the part of the fiscal revenue intercepted by several states under the British, this figure is much larger.

After all, it is the combination of the British Empire in history and most of the American economy. In terms of economy, no country in the world can compare with them.

This is followed by Austria-Hungary at £165 million, Germany at £123 million and Japan at £83.48 million.

Under normal circumstances, Germany's fiscal revenue is more than that, but the foundries as the main body of the industry cannot collect taxes.

Fiscal revenue is not equal to the total economic volume, but in terms of fiscal revenue, the gap between Bulgaria and the British Empire is already very small, and it seems that it is close to surpassing the British.

In fact, the economic aggregates of the two countries are still far apart. The British Empire is still the largest in the world, accounting for 42.4% of the global economic aggregate, with a total GDP of approximately 22.3 billion pounds.

(including colonies)

Followed by Bulgaria, the economic aggregate accounts for 15.78% of the world economy, with a total GDP of about 8.3 billion pounds.

The Germans, who rank third, account for 7.9% of the world's total economic output, with a total GDP of about 4.2 billion pounds.

Ranked fourth in France, the economic aggregate accounts for about 7.7% of the world's total economic aggregate, with a total GDP of approximately 4.1 billion pounds.

The fifth-ranked Austria-Hungary Empire accounts for about 5.3% of the global economy, with a total GDP of about 2.73 billion pounds.

...

These data are used to fool the public. In fact, neither the so-called economic aggregate nor the national GDP can explain the problem.

For example, Germany's economic aggregate and GDP are both high, so is Germany prosperous in this era?

Similarly, France's economic aggregate is now so closely tied to Germany's. Even if it surpasses Germany, it will be a matter of the coming year. Does France have greater war potential than Germany?

Obviously, there are serious bubbles in the domestic economy of Britain and France, but it does not mean that they are not strong. The domestic economic data may be false, but the colonies that produce raw materials cannot be fake. This is also part of the comprehensive national strength.

In terms of economic aggregate alone, Bulgaria is at most equal to the British mainland, but the national strength of the British mainland is definitely not as good as Bulgaria.

After all, in terms of total industry, Bulgaria far surpasses the British mainland. The industrial gap between the two countries is also continuously narrowing.

In 1927, the total industrial output of various countries in the world, and the proportion of the total industrial output in the world is as follows:

UK: 27.6%

Bulgaria: 24.2%

Germany: 15.6%

Italy: 8.7%

France: 6.9%

Austria-Hungary 5.1%

Commonwealth of the Great Lakes: 2.8%

Japan: 2.1%

...

The wings of a butterfly can always cause great changes. From the statistics, Bulgaria's economic strength is still far away from catching up with the British, but there is still a little chance in terms of total industry.

In fact, at this point, explosive growth is no longer realistic. Industrial growth must also have a market, right?

Bulgaria has come to the present, and almost all the markets in Eastern Europe and Southern Europe have been occupied. Even the Austro-Hungarian Empire, an industrial powerhouse, has actually been reduced to the Bulgarian market, and their total industry is also supported by light industries, such as: grain processing industry, mining industry, etc.

If the mining industry is not counted in the industry, but only the manufacturing industry is counted, this figure may be more illustrative.

Ferdinand would not make such statistics, lest they attract the attention of the British.

Now that the British are already very wary of the rise of Bulgaria, there is no need to stimulate their sensitive nerves, so as not to intensify the political confrontation between the two countries.

Even when publicizing to the outside world, Bulgaria has always only announced the total economic volume, and other data are collected separately, and have not been released to the outside world. It is enough for the top government officials to know.

In the eyes of the British, the British Empire is still a well-deserved world hegemony.

In terms of economy, the combined powers ranked No. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 cannot compare with them. Even Bulgaria, which ranks second, has an economic aggregate of only 37% of theirs!

Not even half of it, and the threat of peace talks?

It is a completely different feeling from when the economic aggregate of the United States and Germany surpassed that of the British Empire!

It's just that the London government wanted to suppress Germany at the beginning, so the confusing data, the German economy surpassed the United Kingdom, it only surpassed the British mainland, not the Commonwealth of Britain.

Before the outbreak of the World War, the manufacturing industry of the Americans was the first in the world, but it does not mean that the Americans also surpassed the Commonwealth of Great Britain in terms of economic aggregate.

The large colony of the British Empire still occupies a very important economic aggregate. After all, it is composed of five to six billion people and more than 30 million square kilometers of land. How can the economic aggregate be small?

The economic aggregate before World War I was calculated in US dollars at that time: 14 billion in the United States, 12 billion in Germany, and 11 billion in the United Kingdom. This refers to the total economic output of the country, and the colonies are still number one in the United Kingdom. Otherwise, the Germans will be the number one in overall national strength. up.

It's just that when this part of the total economic volume of the colonies is converted into war potential, the ratio is very low.

Otherwise, the British Empire, which had the largest comprehensive national strength at that time, would not have lost to the Germans in terms of explosive power, and would still need the help of the Americans.

Compared with the economic disadvantages, Ferdinand was satisfied with the population. By the end of 1927, Bulgaria's population was close to 60 million, actually 59.6586 million.

The difference of hundreds of thousands can be ignored. On the one hand, Bulgaria has a high population outflow rate, and on the other hand, there are many immigrants from European countries.

Of course, they are mainly Russian refugees. Over time, these people who came before have also been naturalized in Bulgaria. Basically, hundreds of thousands of people are naturalized every year.

This is also the reason why the government has relaxed some restrictions on naturalization. As long as they are skilled workers, can speak Bulgarian, and have no record of moral crimes, the whole family can be naturalized directly.

Because of the relationship between the Great Railway Project and the Great Highway Project, skilled workers have become popular. These two items are low in technical content, as long as you love to study for three to five years, you will be a master.

For this situation, Ferdinand is also happy to see the results. Those who can actively learn are all high-quality labor!

Bulgaria has passed the initial stage of industrialization, and no longer needs to rely on the exploitation of foreign labor for primitive capital accumulation.

Now there are more than 6 million foreigners in Bulgaria who have not obtained nationality, and more than 70% of them are Russians, followed by foreigners from all over the world.

With the end of the Russian Civil War, some people will definitely choose to return home. In order to retain the labor force, it is very necessary to relax the nationality control now.

With these population bases, Ferdinand was relieved. After the disintegration of the Russian Empire, Bulgaria was already the second most populous country in Europe.

And it is still in the stage of population rejuvenation. Compared with Germany, which is aging, even though Germany has more advantages in terms of population, the two sides are comparable in terms of labor force.

If all these foreigners can be integrated, the population of Bulgaria will exceed 80 million in less than ten years. In Ferdinand's lifetime, the population will definitely easily exceed 100 million, and the Bulgarian Empire will become worthy of its name!

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