Mediterranean Hegemon of Ancient Greece

As a Spartan hero who defeated Athens, Lysander had built a puppet regime loyal to Sparta for all of Athens' maritime allies. Now he came to Asia Minor, and the rulers of these city-states scrambled to visit him, to follow him around, to make demands of him, as if he were the real king, and Agesilaus was just a sidekick.

But soon, Lysander tasted the power of Agesilaus. Any request he made to Agesilaus, even if it was reasonable, was rejected by the Spartan king, even Agathilaus. Silaus also secretly sent out propaganda: Lysander was just an ordinary member of the Spartan Military Council of 30 without any power.

As a result, Lysander's promises to these people were ultimately unfulfilled, causing those in power in these city-states to realize that the situation had changed and to curry favor with Agesilaus.

And Agesilaus' estrangement from Lysander made Lysander begin to feel uneasy, and he finally realized that he had been blind at first, and the new king was by no means a mediocre person to be manipulated.

At this moment, Lysander is no longer the brilliant Spartan hero of a few years ago. The failure of the plot to overthrow the Spartan system and the vigilance of others in the Council of Elders have long deprived him of the real power in his hands. In the end, he had to Take the initiative to propose to Agesilaus that he is willing to go to the Hellespont Strait to win over the city-states that were previously dependent on Persia.

Agesilaus agreed to his request.

After rehabilitating the ambitious Lysander, Agesilaus began to show his military prowess. His troops were more flexible than that of Dekyridas, and he moved back and forth between the jurisdictions of the Persian governors of Thessaphnes and Phanabaszos, confusing the Persian army, and at Sardis in the spring of 395 B.C.E. The army of Tisafonis was devastated in World War I.

Due to this fiasco, the mother of the Persian king Artaxerxes, Palusatis, finally seized the opportunity to have her son dismiss Tisafonis, and finally executed him, thus reporting to his youngest son Cyrus the Younger. hatred.

When the news reached the Agesilaus army, the mercenaries who had experienced the retreat of ten thousand people cheered. Xenophon also wrote a letter to Davos who was far away in Turii, expressing The joy in his heart, and his admiration for the Spartan King Agesilaus.

The military operations of Agesilaus in Asia Minor put a lot of pressure on Persia, and the Persian king had to mobilize troops from other regions to deal with the Spartan attack, which led to the emptiness of defenses in other regions. In the Egyptian province farthest from the Persian mainland, the Egyptians who had been resisting the Persian rule finally seized this opportunity. The kingdom of Egypt, and Acris also became the new pharaoh (this is the 29th dynasty in the history of ancient Egypt).

In order to recapture Egypt, Persia sent messengers many times to propose peace talks to Agesilaus in 395 BC, but Agesilaus rejected the Persian's request for peace, and Persian King Artaxerxes saw that Spar Daren had no intention of withdrawing troops from Asia Minor at all. On the contrary, Agesilaus' ultimate goal was himself, so he was angry at the suggestion of the minister and sent people to Greece, and began to fight against Thebes, Corinth, Argos, etc. The generals and deputies of the feuding city-states made large sums of money bribes on the condition that they go to war with the Spartans.

And the answers of these city-states are very similar: even without the money, they are eager to go to war, because the Spartans are too domineering, not only disrespect them, but also repeatedly damage the interests of their city-states!

Under the pressure of the Persian messengers, these city-states began to negotiate quietly to form an alliance. Among them, the Thebes were the most active in declaring war on Sparta, and they began to instigate their ally Rokers to attack Sparta's ally Phokeis. Conflict, when the Phokis finally invaded Rokris, the Thebes declared: Phokis violated its allies, and in order to preserve the allies, it declared war on Phokis.

So Thebes summoned an army and invaded the territory of Phokis,

The weak Phokis had to ask Sparta for help. Although Phokis is small, it is an important city-state in the region near Delphi, which is conducive to the Spartans' intervention in Delphi's religious affairs, and the Spartans also despise Thebes and destroy their pre-expedition to Persia. The memory of the temple priest was still fresh, so he was very happy to find a reason to attack Thebes, and immediately decided to punish Thebes for his disrespect to Sparta.

As a result, the Spartan army invaded Thebes in two separate ways. One route, another Spartan king, Pausanias, led his army to the north, and the other route was sent by the council of elders to Lysander, who had returned to Sparta, to Phokis to organize a local coalition to attack Debes south. s. Lysander did an excellent job quickly and turned against the Okomenus of Pioxia.

Faced with a powerful threat from Sparta, Thebes turned to Athens, the nearest powerful state, for help.

After the Athenians experienced a series of hardships such as the failure of the Peloponnesian War, the dark rule of the Thirty Tyrants, and the restoration of the democrats, they lost their arrogance in the past and reconciled the democrats with a moderate system at home. The differences between the nobles and the former allies are treated equally to the outside world. Under this prudent and pragmatic policy, after nearly ten years, the strength of Athens is rapidly recovering. With strength, Athens wanted to get rid of Sparta's control and gain real freedom in military and commerce.

So after receiving the help of Thebes, Athens held a citizens' assembly. At the convention, the overwhelming majority of citizens voted for an alliance with the former enemy, Thebes, and war with Sparta.

In the end, the democratic leader Thalassibos, who once led the resistance army to fight hard and finally overthrew the rule of the Thirty Tyrants and reborn Athens, informed the Athenians' resolution to the Thebes messenger, and said in a firm tone: ... Although the port of Piraeus is not yet walled, we Athenians will bravely face the danger and face the brutal Spartans side by side with you Thebes!

The Thebes were moved, and the two city-states, who had been feuding for decades, quickly entered into a covenant, proclaiming that Thebes and Athens formed a lasting alliance.

At this moment, the troops led by Lysander and Pausanias were approaching the Pioxia region from south to north, and they agreed to join forces near the city of Haliatus, an ally south of Thebes.

After Lysander's arrival, however, Paulsonius' army was nowhere to be seen. Lysander tried to convince the Haliatus to defect from Thebes.

The Haliatus pretended to agree, delaying in secret. When the reinforcements from Thebes arrived, they suddenly went out of the city and attacked Lysander's troops back and forth with the Thebes army.

As the founder of Spartan hegemony, Lysander died unexpectedly in this sudden battle, but in the ensuing war, the Thebes failed to completely defeat the remnant army that had lost its leader, but instead lost heavily.

The next day, Paulsonius led his team to arrive.

The Thebes saw that the Spartans were numerous and neat, and their morale was suddenly low.

But Pausanias did not immediately lead the army to attack, but instead set up camp nearby.

On the third day, reinforcements from Athens also arrived.

The Thebes suddenly became more confident, and they set up with the Athenians to fight against the Spartans.

However, Paulsonius did not immediately lead the army to approach the coalition, nor did he accept the enemy's challenge. Instead, he summoned his team officers to discuss: should we go to war immediately or sign a truce? so that they could recover the bodies of Lysander and other fallen soldiers.

In the end the Spartans decided to truce.

After negotiations between the two sides, the Spartan army evacuated Pioxia with the bodies of their comrades.

Ordinary citizens of Sparta were deeply saddened to see Lysander's body. They recalled Lysander's great contribution to Sparta, and turned their grief into anger, accusing the Spartan king Paulsonius of deliberately delaying the time to join his divisions. , the murder of Lysander, and his crime of retreating without a fight.

The elders of the Council of Elders did not fully defend the Spartan king, because the death of Lysander and the retreat of Sparta had a huge impact, which directly led to the conclusion of four important Greek city-states against Sparta. The Bada League, they are: Thebes, Athens, Corinth, Argos.

As a result, the Spartan king Paulsonius was convicted and exiled.

The Spartans realized that this anti-Spartan alliance had great harm to Sparta's hegemony, and quickly assembled an army to try to destroy the alliance.

The Anti-Spartan Alliance also quickly gathered its troops in the Isthmus of Corinth, hoping to resist the Spartan attack, and then counterattack into the Spartan territory, completely burning the wasp's nest.

Thus, the two sides began a protracted battle in the Isthmus of Corinth...

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Also in this year, there is war in Sicily.

The armies of Syracuse and Carthage have been fighting on the northern coast of Sicily for more than half a year.

When the time entered 494 BC, the important countries and city-states in the Mediterranean were mired in the quagmire of war, while Greater Greece had enjoyed more than three years of peace.

Early in the morning, Lycasus came to the clinic to start cleaning and organizing things. As a doctor apprentice, it is his job to prepare every day before the clinic. He firmly believes that hard work can win the teacher's trust and learn real medical skills. Today, he is in a particularly good mood because he wants to accompany the teacher to go out. travel.

When the doctor Nicostratus came to the clinic slowly, Lycasus had already packed the package. Nicostratus, who never liked to worry about trivial matters, only asked, Have you brought everything?

After receiving a positive answer from Lycasus, he nodded and said, Let's go.