Live Wilderness Adventure

Chapter 841 Beef flavor, crunchy

Ancient Egypt has a clear historical date as 664 BC.

In the third century BC, Manetho divided the history of Egypt from the unification of Menes to the conquest of Alexander of Macedonia into thirty dynasties. On this basis, later generations divided the history of ancient Egypt into nine periods.

The first is the predynastic period, from about 4000 BC to 3100 BC.

The second is the early dynastic period, from about 3100 BC to 2686 BC. During the 1st and 2nd dynasties, Menes, the first pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt, appeared.

Of course, this is the most widely spread guess. The history is too long, and there is not enough historical literature to prove that Menes was the first pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt. In the study of Egyptian history, Narmer, Ahab , Scorpion King, all have the possibility of unifying Upper and Lower Egypt for the first time.

The third is the period of the Old Kingdom, from about 2686 BC to 2181 BC. The period was 3-6 dynasties. The pyramids appeared at the end of this period. In all periods before that, there was only Mastaba.

Then there is the First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom Period, the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom Period, the Post-Dynastic Period, and finally the Persian, Macedonian, and Roman periods.

From the 1st to the 4th period, it was the period of the formation of the slavery state and the emergence of the unified dynasty, the 5th to 7th period was the reconstruction of the unified kingdom and the empire period, and the 8th to 9th period was the decline of the Egyptian slavery state and the fall into foreign rule next period.

But these are not the point, the point is that the pyramids only appeared in the third period of the Old Kingdom.

This means that the ancient corpse in front of everyone has a history of at least four thousand years.

Four thousand years!

What an exaggerated figure this is!

Just standing in front of it, one can see that thousands of years ago, laborers would be made into mummies and moved in.

The typical burial posture with arms crossed on the chest is imitating Osiris, the king of the underworld in ancient Egypt, which is usually used when royal family members are buried, which shows that this member is very likely to be a royal family member.

Vaziri observed the mummy's movements and made a judgment.

However, this is not surprising. If it weren't for nobles, it would be impossible to have so many funeral objects. There are many gold products in it, which shows that its status was extraordinary during his lifetime.

Waziri pointed to the surrounding murals that were blurred by water seepage with a flashlight.

The flashlight penetrated the closed tomb and hit the wall, and you could see countless dust flying in the beam of light. Everyone was taking a deep breath, saying that the dust was disturbing and flying wave after wave.

Most of the pictures on the upper wall can be seen clearly, but only a small part can be recognized here.

The architectural style here can also see the shadow of the palace.

Menes, the first pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt, in the tomb of Negada, although the rectangular sacrificial hall is made of bricks, vertical ridges are built on the outer wall, simulating wooden columns and reed bundles, There was clearly an intention to replicate the palace of the time.

The practice evolved from the dwellings popular in Lower Egypt, where forms that were originally derived from construction techniques acquired aesthetic value.

Because Menes came from Upper Egypt, he adopted this method not only for the sake of lightness and magnificence, but also because Menes, as the 'King of Lower Egypt', had to unify the architectural culture of Upper and Lower Egypt in the mausoleum building.

Vaziri pointed to the square walls around. The place is actually quite wide, and everyone can stand upright and straighten their backs.

The mausoleum imitates the residential palace because in the early days, the mausoleum was regarded as the residence of people after death.

On the one hand, people can only imagine life after death based on daily life; on the other hand, people can only use the most familiar buildings as blueprints to explore the shapes and forms of other buildings.

【Too awesome】

【This must be very valuable】

【Don't you think it's a little scary】

[What are you afraid of, this has been dead for thousands of years, and it will turn into ashes with a little touch, right? 】

【Impossible】

Bi Fang stepped forward, took a flashlight and turned it on, shining it on the mummy's body, not even daring to breathe.

It's the first time I see things of this age, let alone touching them, and I'm afraid that my breathing will cause some unexpected changes.

The drone is also approaching quickly, giving the audience a clearer and more detailed perspective.

The mummy was wrapped in an extremely large shroud, covering the whole body thickly, only the head and hands were exposed.

And Bi Fang also smelled a very strange smell.

In other words, Bi Fang has been surrounded by various strange smells since he came in.

Bi Fang's sense of smell is very sensitive. Outside the desert, there is an earthy and sandy smell everywhere. After entering the tomb, there is an extremely strong damp and musty smell.

And the further down you go, the stronger the musty and wet smell.

This smell is not pleasant, on the contrary, it is very unpleasant. Bi Fang is tortured all the time, but he is used to it.

But after the coffin was opened, a stronger smell came out.

Not bad.

Before the advent of modern formalin, all of the most effective embalming was inseparable from one purpose - dehydration.

Just like making ham, remove the moisture as much as possible, and it will not go bad after more than ten years, and the fragrance will become more mellow.

The same is true of mummies, but of course instead of salted hams, various spices are used.

Because of dehydration, there will be no odor caused by corruption.

Although the basement was very humid, the coffin still blocked the water vapor very well, so that the person in the coffin would not turn into a pile of rotting liquid.

There are many mysterious ways to make Egyptian mummies, but the basic steps are simple to remove the internal organs, dry the corpse thoroughly, and wrap the desiccated corpse.

The specific methods and quality of embalming techniques have varied over some 3,000 years, but the basic principles have remained the same.

Most of the mummies we have discovered so far have their production methods inherited. From this, we can also be sure that the antisepsis technology of ancient Egyptian mummies has been continuously improved before it matures.

It is definitely not an explosive inspiration that suddenly appeared overnight. The anti-corrosion raw materials used in it are also constantly improving and improving, reflecting the extraordinary wisdom of a great nation.

As it is now, exposing the head and hands is the early form of mummification, and then the whole body will be wrapped, and no body tissue will be exposed.

Vaziri explained next to him.

[How about Fang Shen, what does it smell like? 】

[Will it stink? 】

[I heard that in the past, Yang people would grind mummies into powder as a health product, and I heard that it can treat impotence]

[Fuck, is it true? 】

Bi Fang shook his head.

It doesn't smell bad. On the contrary, if you smell it carefully, there may be a little bit of fragrance.

[Fragrance, is it real or not? 】

【Whether Fangshen took the money, I don't believe it】

[This thing has been rotten for more than four thousand years, can it still be fragrant? 】

Really, I smell pine resin.

Waziri frowned.

real or fake.

The experts on the side also went to smell it, but they didn't feel anything.

However, Waziri did not doubt it, because pine resin was indeed added to the preservatives used to make Egyptian mummies, but after so long, theoretically, there was nothing to smell. Perhaps Bi Fang had a keener sense of smell.

In pre-dynastic Egypt, the body would be wrapped in silk or linen and buried in a hollow grave in the desert.

If the body hadn't been found and torn up by the jackals, the hot, dry sand would have sucked the moisture out of the body, making the body look like a black robe-colored leather chair cover, but still recognizable after thousands of years.

Simple sand burials were the practice of peasants, but during dynastic times, pharaohs and other noble people were buried in more elaborate tombs.

Unfortunately, keeping bodies in relatively cool, damp catacombs is prone to decay.

If the pharaoh wanted both an exquisite resting place and a well-preserved corpse, new methods of disposing of the corpse were needed for immortality.

Drying can be done by techniques used to preserve food and skins, as can kippers or raisins.

But preserving the pharaoh's body like a pickle is not very aesthetically pleasing, so a mysterious process provides a better way. In hot places with dry sand or vinegar brine, embalmers use natron as a desiccant.

This is a natural sodium salt compound, and the most perishable internal organs are removed, while the heart, which is believed to be the seat of the mind, remains in the body.

[I know this, there are too many microorganisms in the internal organs, after removal, it is also conducive to antisepsis]

【Like this】

【Awesome】

Waziri continued.

The ancient Greek writer Herodotus left many accounts of embalming corpses, and many of the materials contained in them reflect a late, perhaps degenerate state of embalming.

According to him, there are three methods of mummification, which differ in degree and price.

[Is it so realistic? 】

[This Herodotus is so familiar, I seem to have heard it somewhere]

[Fang Shen just said it not long ago, did you pay attention to the class, this is going to knock your head! 】

In the first grade, the embalmer will use an iron pipe to extract the brain through the nose, then take out the internal organs in the ribs, and wash the abdominal cavity with palm wine and spices. 70 days in alkali.

When the embalming was complete, the body was washed, wrapped in fine linen, anointed with pine resin, and placed in a wooden box in the shape of a human being.

If you don't have that much money, you can ask the embalmer to do it cheaper, which is the second grade.

They will omit the steps of extracting the brain and cutting the abdominal cavity, injecting pine oil directly from the anus into the abdominal cavity, and then embalming the corpse in natron.

After 70 days, the plug on the anus was removed to let the oil and dissolved intestines flow out. The embalmers returned the processed corpses to relatives with only skin and bones.

【Fuck, isn't this really disgusting】

【This is faith (cover face)】

[After all, they were ancients thousands of years ago, they really believed in this. 】

[Splitting is OK]

The third tier, the poorer ones, can only hope for a simple rinse to clear the celiac and a 70-day soak to embalm.

However, Herodotus' detailed description of the embalming process is also obviously wrong.

According to other sources, embalmers used juniper oil instead of cedar oil.

The entire embalming process took 70 days, 40 of which were wrapped inside and out with bags of natron and dehydrated.

Sometimes embalmers simplify the procedure by omitting the evisceration, and substitute onions and garlic for the appropriate aromatic preservatives.

The shoddy craftsmanship and obvious deceitfulness is shown in the mummified wrappings, where viscera were severely mutilated, bones were broken or missing, and animal remains or wood chips were used to stuff the bodies.

Chemists have tried to re-extract and analyze the components of ancient preservatives, and some of them believe that the preservatives were extracted from cedar wood because cedar contains a chemical called o-methoxyphenol, Not in juniper oil.

In comparison, cedar wood inhibits bacterial growth and preserves animal tissue more effectively than other less commonly used preservatives.

Eye-opener.

Bi Fang praised.

As a professional, Vaziri's explanation is obviously more detailed than him.

After all, these news and contents in Egypt were all found by him after consulting the information, not given by the system, so it is always a bit messy to talk about.

Waziri put the flashlight on the head and pointed to the mummy's teeth: Look at the mummy's teeth, they are very complete.

This also shows that he has an extraordinary status in front of him. Bi Fang continued.

That's right, if you were an ordinary civilian, your teeth wouldn't be as neat and perfect as this.

Before modern techniques were introduced to date paleontology, we used indirect methods, such as estimating the age of mummies by estimating coffin decorations, names of the deceased, and burial objects, often with uncertainty.

Sometimes it's not true because some mummies have been destroyed by grave robbers, and the body often ends up mutilated in a new, mismatched coffin.

Now researchers can judge the image of the mummy through CT scan three-dimensional imaging, without having to open the burial cloth.

This approach will allow scientists to detect previously unknown Egyptian burials, as well as funerary objects placed in mummies.

Carbon-14 can be used to estimate the age of a mummy if the tissue sample is not contaminated or if collagen is available, but removing impurities from mummified material is difficult.

X-ray analysis can also provide valuable data on medicine and dentistry, estimated age of death and biomorphic changes, which also makes the research of modern scholars more objective and reasonable.

[Pharaoh: I never dreamed that I could still have CT]

[I predict that within 100 years, these researchers will die because of the pharaoh's curse]

[I just want to know how this tastes like beef jerky]

[I heard a saying that in the past, Europeans would soak mummies in honey, and then add them to pastries as a secret recipe]

[Mummy production uses a lot of antiseptic spices, so it may be the taste of dried cumin beef]

[Cumin is indeed a spice]

[I made a decision against my ancestors. 】

[The Arabs detected that the ancestors of the ancient Egyptians did not exist (dog head)]

Mummy is another name for a mummy. The ancient Egyptians had their own unique god worship system. They believed that after death, the gods would weigh the heart, and then the soul would enter reincarnation, and finally enter the body to obtain eternal life.

It was under the influence of this concept that the ancient Egyptians made great efforts to preserve the body intact, so as to prevent the dead from having no sustenance when the 'spirit returned'.

The camera on the side kept taking pictures of the mummy, and the white light kept flickering in the dark tomb.

After taking a last look and satisfying his thirst for knowledge, Bi Fang, at the invitation of everyone, carried the funerary objects in the tomb together.

All kinds of funerary objects once again made the audience scream.

Until the next day, the white tent outside the cave was filled with various items, and the number of people in the camp also exceeded 50. The overall work progress was much faster, and the initial low cave was expanded a lot. This is to facilitate the final removal of the entire mummy coffin.

The time is too long, the mummy can only be transported out in parallel, if there is some tilt or bump, it may knock the whole pharaoh to pieces.