My dads are villains

Who would have thought that I would only come back after working! ! ! ! !

Breaking down and crying(;?_?)(?▼Benefit▼)

The stupid author wants to crawl on the ground in darkness and twist, please get out of my way, ahhhhhhhhh! ! ! ! ! !

The early legal system of Qin was quite backward. In the third year of Qin Xiaogong (359 BC), Shang Yang's reform was based on Li Kui's "Fa Jing", changing the law into laws, and formulated Qin's thieves' laws, thieves' laws, prison laws, arrest laws, miscellaneous laws, and Ju's laws, etc. In the 6 articles of criminal law, a series of reform measures were adopted, such as implementing the law of "Shi Wu", rewarding farming wars, prohibiting private fights, encouraging the prosecution of adultery, sitting together with ministers and ministers, etc. "Those who do not accuse the traitor will be cut in half, those who accuse the traitor will be rewarded with the beheading of the enemy, and those who hide the traitor will be punished the same as surrendering to the enemy." "Those who engage in private fighting will be punished according to the severity of the punishment." , I thought it was a child." After Shang Yang's reform, the legal system of Qin State has been greatly developed. Before Qin Shihuang unified China, the Qin State already had a complete set of laws and regulations with its own characteristics.

The form of legal norms in the Qin Dynasty In the past, due to lack of information, people knew very little about the content of the laws and regulations in the Qin Dynasty. The Qin bamboo slips unearthed in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province in December 1975 (see Suihudi Qin bamboo slips) provide a large amount of information about the laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty. According to the data, in addition to formulating 12 criminal laws, Qin also promulgated a large number of single-line laws and other forms of legal norms: 6. Laws. The ones found on the Qin bamboo slips are: Tianlu, Manyuanlu (see Stanglu), Canglu, Jinbulu, Guanshi, Gonglu, Gongcheng, Jungong, Zhilu, Cuerv, Sikong, Zhililu, and Jun Jue Code, Chuanshi Code, Internal History Miscellaneous, Wei Za, Belonging to the State, Effect, Elimination of Officials Code, Traveler Code, Elimination of Disciples Code, Zhonglao Code, Tibetan Code, Coach and Horse Hunting Code, Cattle and Sheep Code, Fu Code, Jiao Biao Laws, laws for catching and stealing, and laws for garrison; the one found in historical records is the law of holding a book. 1 orders. "Shang Jun Shu" records that Qin had a reclamation order. "Historical Records·Biographies of Shang Jun": "The order was issued in the year of the Min period, and the people of the Qin Dynasty said that thousands of people were inconvenienced by the initial order... After ten years of implementation, the Qin people made great achievements." "Historical Records·Xiao Xiangguo Family" recorded : After Liu Bang captured Xianyang, the capital of Qin, "He Du first collected the collection of the Qin Prime Minister's Censor's Laws and Orders". 2 Legal Questions and Answers. An official explanation of Qin's criminal laws in the form of questions and answers. Includes specific descriptions of certain aspects of the criminalization, sentencing, application and prosecution systems. The questions and answers on the feudal code of later generations originated from this. It has legal effect and can be regarded as a regulation. 3 types. Among the Qin bamboo slips, there is an article titled "Front Diagnosis Procedure", which contains general requirements for "prison management" and "prison interrogation"; there are also legal document procedures for "sealing guard", "covering", "having a prison", etc.; and there are also Investigation and forensic examination reports of the crime scene. 4 cases. Qin Jian's "Legal Questions and Answers" points out in many places that judicial officials can rely on "the court's actions" when convicting and sentencing: For example, "What's wrong with stealing and seizing a stingy man? The court's actions are based on forged seals." "Pursue the criminal who seeks theft, and the criminal commits suicide and seeks theft. If you ask the murderer to be a thief and kill the person, and fight to kill? If you fight to kill, the court will act like a thief." "Tingxing" is a common practice for judicial organs to handle cases. The rulers handle cases according to established cases, which can make up for the shortcomings of the law, and also facilitate the suppression of the people without being restrained by the law when necessary.

Part

Part of the Qin Code, its main contents are: 1. Criminal Law. Including crimes, penalties and principles of application of penalties. There are nearly 200 crimes in the Qin Code. Punishments are divided into death, corporal punishment, imprisonment, flogging, convict punishment, endurance punishment, relocation punishment, pension punishment, redemption punishment, abolition of punishment, torture, etc. Each punishment is divided into different levels. The death sentences for the three tribes of Yi are: extermination of clan, mortuary, chariot splitting, dismemberment, gouging, beheading, abandoning the market, slaughtering, caesarean section, hanging, pouting, thorns, gouging, rib removal, 嬇濿 6ㄉ thin 4 retreating caries locust There were 20 concubines, 7, and 9 others who escaped from the countryside; the prison sentences included Chengdan Zhong, Guixin, Bai Can, Li Chenconcubine, Sikou, and Hou. Other penalties also vary. Each type of punishment can be used alone, or two or three types of punishment can be used in combination, such as: being a loyal official, punishing as a ghost salary, tattooing as a Chengdan, tattooing as a Chengdan, etc. The main applicable principles of punishment are: convict according to the identity level of the offender; distinguish between joint crimes and non-joint crimes; in joint crimes, group crimes will be heavier, and those who instigate juvenile crimes will be heavier; distinguish intentionality and negligence, intentionality will be heavier, and negligence will be lighter; distinguish between completed and completed crimes. Attempts and the degree of harm to society; distinguish between good and bad attitudes, recidivism will be punished, surrender will be given lightly, and the consequences of eliminating crimes will be reduced. In addition, the age of responsibility for criminal offenses is also stipulated. 2Regulations on agriculture, handicrafts and commerce. In agriculture, Qin Law made specific provisions on farmland water conservancy, mountain forest protection, seed quantity, crop growth, and reporting of drought, flood and insect disasters; in handicraft industry, it made specific provisions on production management, labor deployment, apprenticeship training, and inspection of product specifications and quality. Specific provisions have been made; in terms of business, specific provisions have been made on commodity pricing, currency circulation, foreign business registration, etc. These provisions are mainly found in Tian Lv, Mangyuan Lv, Gong Lv, Gong Gong, Gong Cheng and Jin Bu Lv as well as some provisions of other separate laws. 3 In order to ensure the implementation of the law, Qin Law also stipulated a litigation system. The judicial organs are at the central, county and county levels, and there is no distinction between administration and justice. The local chief executive is in charge of the administration of justice in the counties and counties under his jurisdiction. Litigation can be brought by the victim or by state officials. Limit the litigation rights of children and slaves. During interrogations, torture is generally not advocated, but on-site inspection and evidence collection are emphasized, and a "love letter" reporting system is implemented. The appeal was allowed after the verdict. The content of Qin's laws is multi-faceted, and its promulgation played a certain role in the development of Qin's feudal system and the unification of the country. But after all, it has the characteristics of the early feudal law, which mainly include: the legal titles and articles are complicated; some crimes are based on the facts and are not as standardized as later feudal laws; the punishment methods are cruel; the law not only encourages the emancipation of slaves, but also retains and maintains a large number of slaves System residue.

The Legal System of the Qin Dynasty After Qin Shihuang unified China, on the one hand, he promoted Qin's laws throughout the country, and at the same time, he adopted a series of measures to strengthen the rule of feudal absolutism. For example: the emperor's title was changed to "First Emperor", and it was stipulated that "the descendants will be counted, and the second and third generations will be counted for all generations", which will be passed down endlessly; the emperor's orders were called "Zhi" and his orders were called "Edicts", and the imperial edicts officially became the source of national law; The world was divided into 36 counties, with guards, lieutenants, and prisons established in the counties; weights and measures, carriage tracks, and writing were unified; "City, the ancients are not the current ones"; it is stipulated that "if you want to learn laws and regulations, take officials as your teachers". In this way, Qin Shi Huang used legal means to push the feudal autocracy system to the extreme. In the later period of Qin Shihuang's reign, he was willing to use punishment and killing as a threat, which led to "corrupt and violent officials who were punished and killed indiscriminately", "ocher clothes blocked the roads, and jails became a market." After Qin II came to the throne, he "increased the law", killed all the princes and ministers, further suppressed the people, seriously damaged Qin law, and accelerated the collapse of the Qin Dynasty.

Don't ask me why I read Qin Law. Qin Law allows people to be late for work and gives them subsidies.

Woooooooooooooo! ! ! ! !

, spring night joyful rain

【Tang Dynasty】Du Fu

Good rain knows the season, when spring is here. Sneaked into the night wind, moisten things silently. The wild paths are all dark with clouds, but the river boats are only bright with fire. Look at the red and wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy on the official city.

[Appreciation] When he wrote this poem, the poet Du Fu had already settled in thatched cottage in Chengdu for two years. He personally farmed, planted vegetables and flowers, and had a deep affection for the spring rain, so he wrote this poem to describe the beauty of the spring night rainfall, which moistens all things. Poetry.

2. Spring trip to Qiantang Lake

【Tang】Bai Juyi

To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low. In several places, early orioles compete for warmth in the trees, while new swallows peck at the spring mud. The random flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves. My favorite part of the lake is the east side of the lake, where the green poplar trees shade the white sand embankment.

[Appreciation] The whole poem focuses on the word "spring", expressing feelings in the scenery. The poet's joyful and relaxed mood is revealed between the lines, as well as the delicate and fresh feeling of the spring scenery of the West Lake.

3. Spring