Live broadcast: Ancient people accompany me to make up lessons

"As for the Yellow River, its problems are more complicated."

Xiaoxiao himself is from the south, and his family can’t even get close to the Yangtze River. When he was researching information, he was surprised by the mottled history of the Yellow River. He thought about going to the north some time, and following the Yellow River around the surrounding cities. Look at this mother river that has nurtured Chinese culture but also brought countless sufferings to the people.

“In the more than 602 years before 2000 BC to the founding of New China, the lower reaches of the Yellow River were inundated by floods more than 1500 times, an average of 3 times every 2 years. Among them, there were 9 major and long-term diversions, and there were 7 entrances to the sea. , covering an area of ​​about 25 square kilometers from Jingu in the north to the Huaihe River in the south. The Huaihe River and Haihe River are also victims of the Yellow River.

Every time a breach breaks out and floods, it creates the miserable scene of "overflowing rivers and man-made fish and turtles". ”]

People in all dynasties listened carefully to the anchor's talk about the Yellow River. Thinking about the history that later generations have proven, the Yellow River would still burst and overflow within a few years. Many people wiped away tears and sobbed.

Do they hate the Yellow River?

disgust.

I hate its moodiness, its ruthlessness every time it loses its temper, its damaged crops, washed away houses, the hard work of building dikes, and the hunger after the fields are flooded.

But they also love the Yellow River.

Love its tolerance, love its nourishment, love its momentum of galloping horses and its selflessness in protecting its people.

Everyone looked at the sky, longing in their hearts, hoping that the anchor would know how to completely regulate the Yellow River and calm down this angry river every year.

[Xiao Xiao took out a topographic map of the Yellow River Basin and a soil comparison map of different lands: "We call this area where the middle reaches of the Yellow River flows, the Loess Plateau.

Loess has fine particles, soft soil, and is rich in mineral nutrients, which is conducive to farming. However, the silt content often accounts for more than 60% and has large natural voids. After being soaked by water, the soil structure is rapidly destroyed and significant sinking occurs. That is, Easily washed away. ”]

People living in different areas suddenly found the soil of their hometown.

"Yes, that is loess, our soil!" People from the loess land recognized the land under their feet at a glance.

"Dad, red soil, it's red soil!" The people in the southeast saw their land with little fertility at a glance.

"The gray-green color is our paddy soil!" On the edge of the Yangtze River, people who were still catching eels in the paddy fields were very excited when they looked at the soil in their fields.

"Is that black soil from the Shengjing side?" The ethnic minorities who moved to Guan Nei also recognized the land of their hometown.

"White soil..." In the northwest, which is already dry and rainless, people in the saline-alkali land look at the other colors of soil in the sky with envy.

"Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin is mostly concentrated in July and August, and there are many heavy rains, while precipitation in winter is very small, causing the runoff of the Yellow River to vary particularly greatly.

For example, the measured maximum peak flow rate at Huayuankou is cubic meters per second, and the minimum low water flow rate is zero. Compared with the Yangtze River, there is no lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and lacks the regulating role of lakes. In addition, the Yellow River also has freezing floods unique to northern rivers. "

Xiaoxiao took a pen and circled the peak flood section of the Yellow River in the shape of a few characters.

“During cold floods, the river water freezes in winter, and when it warms up in spring, the upper reaches of the river freeze first. The water originally stored in the river channel is released along with the ice, but at this time, the temperature in the lower reaches of the river is still below zero, and the river has not yet thawed.

Although water and ice from the upstream have certain ice-breaking capabilities, they are often blocked due to the thickness and strength of the ice in the downstream reaches, and ice dams are formed. Ice dams block water and raise the water level, causing breaches and flooding of embankments, causing freezing floods.

These are all natural reasons why the Yellow River is prone to flooding. Now let’s talk about man-made reasons. ”]

The residents around the Yellow River and the imperial court, which had been exhausted by the flooding of the Yellow River all year round, were all listening carefully. Even the children were woken up by the adults and listened to the lectures honestly. They were very familiar with the characteristics of the Yellow River that the anchor talked about, but everyone said it differently. These new words were simple and easy to remember.

"More than 4000 years ago, the Loess Plateau was still a land of lush forests and abundant grass. However, during the long historical period, many dynasties and warlords established their capitals in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In order to build luxurious palaces and pavilions, they cut down a large number of trees and destroyed vegetation. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are also ancient battlefields. Frequent wars have also destroyed the mountains and forests.

In addition, the feudal landlord class brutally exploited the peasants. The landlords occupied the good land by the river. The poor peasants were forced to make a living and had to cultivate and graze in the mountains. This is the so-called "the rich occupy the river and the poor rush to the mountains", which aggravated water and soil erosion. ”]

The people in the capitals in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were very aggrieved.

Don't scold, don't scold, but this is really a good place. We can't do it without building a city. Besides, if we don't cut down trees nearby, we will cut down trees from other places, which will consume more people's resources.

The big landowners who really have good land by the river: weren't they always nice to talk to in the past? The anchor suddenly spoke so fiercely, how come they are so cruelly exploited?

Due to natural and man-made disasters, farmers who could not pay taxes or repay land rent, and finally had to use their own land as compensation, bowed their heads. Unless forced by life, who would want to go to uninhabited mountains to cultivate and graze.

Some people keep the words "exploitation and oppression" in their minds. If they don't understand it now, they will think about it later.

Zhu Yuanzhang, who had a deep understanding of the suffering of the peasants at the bottom, snorted coldly, natural disasters and man-made disasters. Every natural disaster must be a man-made disaster. Those are moths that would not be regretted if they died a hundred times!

[“We have talked about the loose structural characteristics of loess before, so when there are fewer and fewer vegetations that can stabilize water and soil around, the loss of loess is faster. This loess is deposited downstream, raising the bed of the Yellow River, forming the famous above-ground hanging river. ."

Xiaoxiao didn't take any pictures this time, but clicked on the travel video in his favorites to show them the hanging river on the ground.

"This is Kaifeng, next to it is the Yellow River. The height of the Yellow River is seven meters higher than the urban area."]

Compared with watching the prosperity of Kaifeng City in later generations and the bored refugees running around, the height difference between the Yellow River and the city really frightened the ancients.

Zhao Kuangyin, who has not yet completely decided to make Kaifeng the capital, said: Maybe we should go to Chang'an or Luoyang. Originally, I thought Kaifeng would be convenient for water transportation and could also be used as water insurance. Now I am even more afraid of flooding the people in Kaifeng.

Over at Zhao Xu, people who have lived in Kaifeng for several generations stared at the sky with wide eyes: Not to mention that Kaifeng will look very prosperous in the future, with such a high river hanging above it, even if your buildings are built so high, What should I do if the road I travel is flooded? Don’t you guys want to move?

"There is another bad situation where water is used to replace troops, which has brought heavy disasters to the people in the lower reaches of the Yellow River."

Speaking of this, even Xiaoxiao herself could hear fellow Henanese cursing about bald heads when she went online, and she spoke harshly to the camera for the first time.

"Take Kaifeng as an example. When the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Wei and Qin generals, Wang Ben dug up the Yellow River and flooded the beams. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Er and Zhu's army dug embankments to drown the Chen army. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng garrison Du Chong dug up the Yellow River to block the Jin army. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Northern Expedition to Mongolia dug river embankments. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan army dug up the embankment of the Guohe River and flooded the Han and Song armies. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng broke the Kaifeng Henan patrol envoy to secretly dig the Yellow River at night. Until a certain time in modern times, Kaifeng experienced large-scale flooding seven times.

In the above several times, Du Chong dug river embankments and basically caused no casualties to the Jin people, just to prevent them from going south and escaping easily. The imperial court quickly ran south, and the innocent people suffered everything. There were refugees in Kaifeng, and millions of rebels fled. The Mongolian army digging embankments basically had no casualties, and only the people near Kaifeng suffered. The Henan patrol envoy was even more breathless. Li Zicheng's peasant army and the Ming army in Kaifeng were all killed in one pot.

In the end, the Japs did not injure 7000 people, but caused 89 casualties to the people in Henan. They destroyed countless houses, fertile farmland and other economic losses. The great plague followed, and the fertile land was damaged, resulting in the following several years. There was a great famine, and the whole land of Henan was littered with corpses. Even the Japanese would say that he was completely unconscionable.

I would like to advise you, it doesn’t matter if you don’t know how to fight. Don’t act blindly. It’s better to be a deserter than to let the Yellow River burst its banks. Only a few enemies will die, but the people’s homes will be completely washed away. ”]

The last sentence was deeply believed by the people of all dynasties.

They can do corvee service, go to the battlefield, and endure heavy taxes and miscellaneous taxes, but in the case of war, digging embankments... can be useful, and they can comfort themselves. The enemy soldiers have no casualties, but the fields and houses of their compatriots have all suffered. This counts. What?

Kaifeng man: ... Otherwise, just move. You will be fine in this life. Who knows whether future generations will encounter some fools or lunatic generals. If future generations will encounter that bald scourge, it’s really better for them to leave now.

"General Wang has been gone for eleven years." Thinking of Wang Ben, Ying Zheng was also very emotional. He agrees with what the anchor said, people can be good at food, but if they can't, they still think they are great. Zhao Kuo was not a very good person, he actually knew it himself, and so did his family. King Zhao was stunned and insisted on ordering him. He had been able to guard him in the early stage, but there was nothing he could do in the end.

Liu Che, who was in short supply of famous generals, was also worried. If he met such a general, he would have to clean up the mess after the flood for the court. Even after winning the battle, he would have to clean up a few things.

Thinking of Deng Sui, who talked loudly in the court, unlike those officials and celebrity-style people who had to worry about recruiting people for war, Deng Sui said: That's right, I'm really not afraid of trash, I'm afraid of arrogant trash. The Eastern Han Dynasty in her area has been plagued by natural disasters every year, with solar eclipses coming from time to time. If any general dared to do such a thing to the Yellow River embankment, then Ping Ru felt it was time to take action.

Liu Bei patted his chest. Fortunately, Guan Yu had a record of flooding the Seventh Army, otherwise he would be afraid of being scolded in the spine by future generations. Even if it wasn't, looking at the mocking expression on the face of the always gentle and gentle anchor, it would be unbearable even for those who are a little ashamed.

Li Shimin nodded. He was really not afraid of the generals' incompetence. He was just afraid that they didn't know what they were doing. Looking at that bald man, not to mention his rubbish record of not having an enemy army of 7,000, and the level of evil he did to Henan, Yang Guang would be willing to bow down when he saw it.

In Kaifeng City, Zhao Kuangyin's face was frighteningly dark.

The founding monarch of the country, who had just founded the country, heard about the Northern Song Dynasty and the Northern Expedition of the Southern Song Dynasty. No need to think about it, he was driven south by the Jin people.

What a disgrace to future generations!

Also, the people he is facing here are the Liao people. Why did they become Jin people later? What is the situation with Mongolia and Yuan?

What kind of trash are they? At first glance, it seems that he ran away and left Du Chongdu behind. Otherwise, why would even the anchor say he was blocking the golden man from going south.

They ran away. There were still millions of refugee rebels in Kaifeng City. Why didn't so many people fight?

He covered his head and began to wonder which son's useless offspring this was.

By the way, Kaifeng still cannot be settled. Now everyone has heard what Tianmu said. Even if they seem to be cooperative, they may not be thinking about the Song Dynasty in their hearts. It has only been stable for a few years. The people cannot let the people think that the Song Dynasty abandoned the city and abandoned it. Trash that the people don't care about.

The city of Kaifeng must be moved.

Zhao Xu, who was still preparing to start a serious career, was so angry that he almost couldn't breathe.

He remembered the name Du Chong, and had already planned to pass the imperial examinations for anyone with the surname Du. There was also Jin. Where did this extra foreigner come from? From the north to the south, where are the Liao people? Where are the Liao people?

He felt that he couldn't do it and ran south, so it was his son? grandson? Or younger brother?

A man named Du Chong in Kaifeng City said: This official is definitely not me!

Du Chong, who is preparing to take the exam in Tokyo next year: It should just be the same name...

In the Ming Dynasty, when looking at the keywords "late Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng, and peasant army", the four emperors looked unhappy.

Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to scold the rebels, but his rationality as a peasant soldier told him that the composition of the peasant army itself had heavy social factors.

He was restless and uneasy, thinking about what happened to the Ming Dynasty in later generations. When can Tianmu draw him once? He really wants to ask the anchor about the history of Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Di was equally restless, but he also knew that it was in the late Ming Dynasty. He had only been on the throne for a long time, and he had to take care of internal affairs and his old neighbors to the north first.

Zhu Houzhao and Zhu Houcong felt cold again. They were already seriously ill in the imperial court at this time, but the rebels were fine, but a little further back would really make people more and more afraid.

It is rare that the Qing Dynasty was not mentioned on the list. Even if people in Kaifeng City have changed two generations, the tragic events in the late Ming Dynasty are still fresh in their minds.

[After gathering his emotions, Xiaoxiao took out a few precipitation maps and began to highlight: "The above are the natural and man-made causes of flooding in the Yellow River.

As for drought, most areas in my country belong to the monsoon climate zone, where dry and cold air masses from the interior of the continent and warm and moist air masses from the ocean converge to form rain belts.

Throughout the year, the basic pattern of rainband movement is from the south to the north and back to the south. The rainy season comes early in the south and late in the north. The rainy season is long in the south and short in the north. Therefore, spring droughts often occur in the Yellow River Basin. If in some years the dry and cold air masses in the north are strong and the warm and moist air masses in the south are weak, and the rain belts are unable to move northward, the drought in the Yellow River Basin will be aggravated and lead to major droughts.

In addition, the Loess Plateau suffers from serious water and soil erosion, and there are few vegetations on the ground that can lock water. The ability to resist drought is even worse, and the drought is more severe than in other areas. ”]

The experienced farmer nodded solemnly: "So we have to feel the wind often. When the east wind comes, it means it will rain."

Listening to the reasons for the formation of rain, it is no longer surprising that later generations can dismantle the principle: So do you have a way to make the two air masses meet earlier?