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memorial temple

Meng Jiangnu Temple

The story of Meng Jiangnv crying down the Great Wall is widely circulated in our country, and it can be said to be a household name.In order to commemorate her, later generations built the Temple of the Virgin, commonly known as the Temple of Meng Jiangnu.The Temple of the Virgin is located on the top of the small hill of Fenghuang Mountain in the north of Wangfushi Village, 6.5 kilometers east of Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City. In 1956, it was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Hebei Province.

The whole scenic spot is composed of Changjie, Shanmen, Shenting, front hall, back hall, Wangfu Stone, dressing table, Zhenyi Pavilion, Haiyan, Mengjiangnv Garden and other scenic spots. The layout is reasonable and well-arranged.The temple is surrounded by lush forests, shaded by blue bricks and red tiles, making it look extraordinarily simple and quiet.

The long steps are the only way to the main gate of Jiangnu Temple. They are made of bluestone and gradually increase with the terrain until they reach the mountain gate.There are a total of [-] long steps. Looking up, it adds a bit of solemnity to Meng Jiangnu Temple.

Meng Jiangnv Temple

Tongchuan Jiangnu Temple is located at the foot of Jinshan Mountain in the suburbs, about 1.5 kilometers away from the ancient city of Tongchuan.The transportation here is convenient, the environment is elegant and elegant, and there are magical and tragic Jiangnv legends, which cast a bit of mystery here.According to "Shaanxi Tongzhi", "Daming Yitongzhi", "County and Country Chronicles" and the Meng Jiangnv temple inscription in Shanhaiguan, "Meng Jiangnv is a native of Shaanxi Tongguan (now Yintai District, Tongchuan City).

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Tongchuan Jiangnu Temple

The Tongchuan Jiangnv Temple was built more than 1000 years ago. After repairs and expansions in the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, it became a large-scale scenic spot with many temples and long-lasting influence in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.At the end of the Republic of China, due to the destruction of the Kuomintang reactionary army, the Jiangnu Temple became increasingly deserted. In 1990, the suburban people's government invested a lot of money to start the renovation and expansion of the Jiangnu Temple.After four years of hard work, it is now open to visitors with a new look.The gate, sacrificial pavilion, Meng Jiangnu statue and steps of the newly built Jiangnv Temple are scattered and integrated in layers. The gate is three rooms wide. , stands a 4.5-meter-high statue of Meng Jiangnu, engraved on the 1.5-meter-high base of the Ming Dynasty Shaanxi governor Qin Yang's "Festive Woman Meng Jiang Temple", and on both sides are erected poems and essays of the ancients singing Jiangnu Temple.The story of Meng Jiangnu is widely circulated in our country, especially among the people, and has a distinctive personality. Among the many stories about Meng Jiangnu, Tongchuan Jiangnu Temple is the most worthwhile scenic spot for people to visit.

Later influence

The legend of Meng Jiangnu crying over the Great Wall is widely spread among the people. Her husband Fan Xiliang was conscripted by King Wei to build the Great Wall (now the Great Wall of the Warring States Period at the junction of Weihui and Hui County). He died of exhaustion and hunger and was buried under the Great Wall.Meng Jiangnv found her husband and cried to the section of the Great Wall at Weihuichi Mountain. She moved the world and cried down the Great Wall, exposing her husband's bones.Up to now, its story is still circulating in Wainao Village, Weihuichishan Township. On the mountain, you can see the teardrop stone of Meng Jiangnu crying to collapse the Great Wall.The urban area of ​​Xinxiang has names such as Meng Jiangnv River, Meng Jiangnv Road, and Meng Jiangnv Bridge.

The country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 2006, 5, the legend of Meng Jiangnu was listed in the first batch of cultural relics with the approval of the State Council.

On July 2014, 07, the legend of Meng Jiangnu was officially included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. Meng Jiangnu's hometown is Chayekou Town, Laiwu City, Shandong Province (Laiwu was called Yingmou in ancient times).

Relevant research

One theory holds that the story of Meng Jiangnu crying over the Great Wall is purely fictional, because the Shanhaiguan Great Wall was built after the Qin Dynasty and was presided over by Xu Da during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.The Great Wall built during the Qin Shihuang period is hundreds of miles north of Shanhaiguan.Since there was no Great Wall there at that time, the story of crying about the Great Wall is naturally non-existent.

One theory holds that the story of Meng Jiangnu happened in the Spring and Autumn Period.According to "Zuo Zhuan·Xiang Gong 23 Years" records: In the fourth year of Qi Zhuang Gong (550 BC), Qi attacked Wei and Jin, and Qi Liang, the doctor of Qi, died in battle when he returned to attack Ju.Qiliang's wife was mourning in the suburbs. According to legend, she cried for her husband for ten days, and the city wall collapsed.Later generations used false rumors to describe Qiliang's wife as a person from the era of Qin Shihuang, and interpreted the story of crying the Great Wall.

Some people pointed out that the story of Meng Jiangnu crying on the Great Wall has mutated with the changing times and customs in the past dynasties.During the Warring States Period, crying tunes prevailed in the capital of Qi. Qi Liang (later evolved into Xi Liang) died in battle and his wife greeted the coffin, which is the material of tragedy.In the Western Han Dynasty, the theory of yin and yang, five elements, and the interaction between heaven and man prevailed, and the misery of Qiliang's wife caused the induction of the collapse of the city.During the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was a song of sending clothes in the Yuefu, so the content of sending cold clothes was added.It can be seen that the story of Meng Jiangnu crying on the Great Wall was gradually enriched in the long-term cultural evolution.

The construction of the Great Wall is the cruelest and most representative of all kinds of labor in the feudal dynasties. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty, in the nearly 2000 years, the Great Wall has been repaired and repaired repeatedly, and countless civilian laborers have been recruited. It is possible to experience something like Meng Jiangnu's.Therefore, Meng Jiangnu and Fan Xiliang are two typical characters created by the working people who endured unlimited servitude, and they concentrated on the disaster of millions of lower-class people being forced to ruin their families and their wives and children by servitude.The moving story of the Great Wall is an indictment of the tyrannical behavior of the feudal ruling class, and it is also a tribute to the spirit of the enslaved who are not afraid of violence and unyielding.Just like the couplet written by Wen Tianxiang, a famous official in the Southern Song Dynasty, next to the statue of Meng Jiangnu: "The Emperor Qin is safe, and the Great Wall builds grievances; Jiangnu is still alive, and Shi Mingzhen is a piece of stone for thousands of years." This should be the theory of Zhongyun.

Former Residence Memorial Hall

The Memorial Hall of Meng Jiangnu's Former Residence is located in the Qi Great Wall Scenic Area in Yongquan, Shandong.According to legend, Jiangnu, a native of Qi, came to the foot of Pishan along the Great Wall of Qi to find her husband. She was hungry and cold, and fell asleep at the foot of Pishan. , and recognized her as her adoptive father and foster mother, so the historical biography "Meng Jiangnu".The Meng's house where Jiang Nu lived was also called "Meng Jiang's house" later.Now it has been restored as the former residence of Meng Jiangnu, and on this basis, the "Memorial Hall of Meng Jiangnu's Former Residence" has been built.

At the same time, in order to commemorate this loyal goddess of love, Meng Jiangnv Cultural Park was built in Pishanling in the scenic area. starting point.In the park, there are sculptures commemorating Meng Jiangnv, Memorial Pavilion, Wangfu Stone, Stone Ladle, Meng Jiangnv’s Stone House, Holding Hands Tree, Rock Painting Group, Zhongtian Gate, Ancient Mountain Entrance, Sentry Pavilion, Jiangnv Temple, Husband and Wife Tree and the remains of Guanyin. Scenic spots and buildings such as the footprints of Meng Jiangnu and the stone seal of the Goddess of Transformation.

Meng Jiangnv's surname

Meng Jiangnu's surname is not Meng, "Meng" means "common elder"; "Jiang" is her surname. "Meng Jiangnu" actually means "the eldest daughter of the Jiang family"; moreover, Meng Jiangnu does not refer to a single person, but a general term for a group of people.According to "Mao Zhuan": "Meng Jiang, the eldest daughter of Qi." Chen Huan's biography: "Meng Jiang, the wife of the family" and other documents, in the pre-Qin period, "Meng Jiang" was generally called the eldest daughter of the monarch of Qi, and also referred to Aristocratic women.That is to say, at that time, many aristocratic women in the Qi State office could be called "Meng Jiang".In addition to documentary evidence, there are cultural relics Huanzi Mengjiang Huan as evidence (this pot was co-cast by Jiang Lei, the eldest daughter of Qi Zhuanggong Jiang Guang, and her husband Tian Huanzi Wuyu in the Spring and Autumn Period, in memory of Tian Huanzi Wuyu's father Tian Xuwu ).