Rebirth 1975: Tore up the call-back order at the beginning

Zhou family’s new house!

After Zhou Yang came back from the Fourth Machinery Department, he kept himself locked in the study room. He didn't come out even when Li Youwei and the children got off school.

In the past few hours, he had been carefully reading the draft of the semiconductor development plan.

Zhou Yang had seen the planning strategy of this development plan more than once in his previous life.

Of course, the plan he saw was different from the draft in front of him. In comparison, the draft in front of him was still a bit rough, and many issues were not considered.

On the other hand, the plan I saw in my previous life was different. Although the framework was not much different from the current draft, the content was much more detailed.

How should I put it? What he saw in his previous life was a real plan, which was obviously a perfected version of this draft. Not only did the planning goals have clear goals, but there were also detailed development steps.

If this plan is really implemented, then even if our country's semiconductor industry does not lead the world, it will not be stuck as it was later, let alone the 30 years of market replacement of technology.

But even so, the plan failed.

Therefore, what Zhou Yang has to consider now is not only how to improve this plan, but more importantly, analyze the reasons why this plan failed in his previous life.

At the same time, the most important thing is to come up with solutions to avoid repeating the mistakes of the previous life.

As for the overall failure of our country in the semiconductor industry in the previous life... No, it should be said that it is more appropriate to say that it was a rout. There are many reasons for it, but there are two fundamental reasons.

One is that external forces do not want us to surpass them in this emerging industry, so they have carried out an unimaginable technology blockade and set a huge trap for our semiconductor industry.

For example, in 1973, taking advantage of the easing of Sino-US relations and the oil crisis in Europe and the United States, my country hoped to introduce seven 3-inch wafer production lines from European and American countries, which were the most advanced technology in the world at that time.

Our country has decided to do this two years earlier than Taiwan and four years earlier than South Korea. Even Thief Eagle, which has the fastest development of semiconductors, only started construction of its first domestic 2-inch (4mm) wafer fab in 4. Prior to this, their most advanced wafers were also 100-inch wafers.

But what people didn't expect was that those Western countries promised to sell it to us, but at the same time they delayed time for various reasons, causing the plan to be delayed for seven years.

In the end, my country was able to introduce three outdated 3-inch wafer production lines, investing in the Beijing State-owned Dong Optoelectronics Factory (Factory 878), the Qin Province Lishan 771 Research Institute of the Ministry of Aerospace, and the Duyun Feng Optoelectronics Factory in Guizhou Province (Factory 4433).

At this time, it was already 3 years later than Wandao and 2 years later than Bangzi.

This is almost exactly the same as the later "Peace Pearl" plan. The other party just drew a pie and then hung us up so that we missed the time for independent research and development.

When the time comes, they will sell us some backward technologies, or even directly interrupt negotiations or cooperation for some ridiculous reasons, turning our previous investment into ashes.

When we went back to prepare to do it ourselves, we found that time was not waiting for us and we missed the golden development time. Even if we reluctantly developed it, the technology fell behind. This is why the regret and helplessness of "Eighth Master" came from this.

It is under this kind of technological blockade and various conspiracies and conspiracy calculations that our country's semiconductor industry went from being ahead of most other countries, and then was quickly surpassed by the other party.

Especially the group of stick guys in South Korea. Under the deliberate support of the godfather of Lighthouse, they relied on a huge investment of about 20 billion US dollars to achieve remarkable results in the dram industry, and this time happened to be around 1980.

Therefore, Zhou Yang believes that if we want to revitalize my country's semiconductor industry, we must first make the top executives with decision-making power realize the importance of self-reliance and independent development.

Technology can be bought or stolen, but our scientific researchers cannot wait and must not be led by the nose by European and American countries. This is the bottom line.

But compared to this problem, another problem is more fatal and seems to have no solution.

Another reason that caused the overall decline of my country's semiconductor industry in the previous life was our own problems, not only in terms of policy, but also in terms of economy and understanding.

In addition to the popular saying in the 80s that "it is better to buy than to build, and it is better to rent than to buy", what is more important is that because of a policy, the future of the semiconductor industry has been completely cut off... No, it should have been the end of the entire electronics industry. future.

Such a terrifying policy is the famous "appropriation to loan" policy. Ordinary people may not know much about this policy, but those who have worked in state-owned enterprises must have heard of it, because a large number of enterprises have reached a dead end because of this policy.

According to the early operating principles of my country's state-owned enterprises, the vast majority of enterprises first obtain appropriations from the government finance as factory working capital or technological transformation funds. After the enterprises make profits, they turn over the profits to the state finance, thus forming a virtuous circle.

But in 1984, in order to reverse the fiscal deficit situation, the higher authorities blindly implemented the policy of “replacing appropriations with loans”.

According to this policy, government financial allocations are replaced by corporate loans from banks, and high interest payments are required.On the other hand, corporate profits still have to be handed over to the finance department.

In this way, the government not only did not invest a penny, but also took away most of the income of enterprises as before, causing state-owned enterprises to quickly fall into losses.

As a highly profitable industry in the national economy at that time, the impact on the electronics industry was unprecedented, which directly drained the funds for the development of the electronics industry, ultimately leading to a series of subsequent disasters.

This is just one of the dangers. Due to the "appropriation to loan", enterprises must pay more attention to efficiency, and research and development must be put behind.

As a result, most companies only focus on introducing foreign equipment in order to put it into production as quickly as possible to make profits, and lack scientific research funds to digest and absorb foreign technologies.

Therefore, in the 80s, it was a critical period for the rise of the electronics industry. While countries such as Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, and even my country's Bay Islands were increasing investment in scientific research in the electronics industry, our country was massively reducing investment in scientific research funding.

After 1984, due to the difficulties caused by the "appropriation to loans", our country's enterprises were basically unable to carry out research and development. The ratio of scientific research funds to GDP suddenly dropped to less than 0.6%, and our country's electronics industry completely collapsed.

The entire electronics industry, including the semiconductor industry, is a high-investment and high-profit industry. The entire industry is updating its technology very quickly, and it only takes a few years to lag behind.

After losing the ability to independently research and develop, a considerable number of large state-owned enterprises in our country have been affected, not to mention their development.

For example, my country's largest semiconductor company, Shanghai Component Factory No. 1980, had a profit of 2070 million yuan in 1.5, with an average profit of [-] yuan per employee.

Even in 1985, the output value of Shanghai Component Factory No. 6713.1 was still as high as 1261.4 million yuan, with a profit of [-] million yuan.

However, by 1990, the output value of Shanghai Component Factory No. 1496 dropped to 2.47 million yuan, and the profit was only 1439 yuan. There were 17.16 people in the factory, and the per capita profit was only [-] yuan.

After only a few years, this leading semiconductor device company that had been prosperous for 30 years went bankrupt in the "spring breeze" of reform and opening up.

There are so many companies that have collapsed like this without any reason, and they are hard to count.

Therefore, in Zhou Yang's view, if my country's semiconductor industry wants to revitalize and even overtake industries such as "new energy" and "high-speed rail" in later generations, the most important thing is to prevent the implementation of this terrible policy.

It's just that this is a national policy, and Zhou Yang really doesn't think he has such influence.

Fortunately, the core of this problem is money. As long as the money issue is solved, there will be room for this matter.

Zhou Yang still knows a little about making money!

After sorting out the key to everything, Zhou Yang finally picked up a pen and paper, and then he started writing quickly at his desk.

A few hours later, a far-reaching plan was formed...

..........