My system is not decent

Naturally, Chen Wenzhe couldn't have imagined that this kind of bronze drum could appear anywhere in such a large country.

However, the corrosion is so serious, it must be a place with plenty of rain.

"It must be the south, where there is plenty of rain, and even a place that is humid for a long time. There is only one such place in China, which is the only province without winter. Could it be from the South China Sea?"

The South China Sea has a subtropical maritime climate, and the air contains a lot of salt and water, which can easily cause bronze ware to oxidize.

The thick rust on the three bronze wares in front of them not only covered up the patterns on the surface, but also caused the cultural relics to appear incomplete, which is proof.

Wu Er opened his mouth and looked at Chen Wenzhe, can you guess this?

"Excellent, you can guess the South China Sea just by looking at the rust? Yes, I bought it from there. It is an ancestral item of a minority ethnic group. The local area is now mobilizing them to donate, so I sold it in a hurry, mainly because it was too dilapidated. If you keep it for a few more years, it might all rot away.”

After confirming his conjecture, Chen Wenzhe is not in charge of Wu Er, who knows how to tell stories?

Now that it was confirmed that this thing came from the South China Sea, Chen Wenzhe knew it.

Because in the past few years, there were really many bronze wares produced in the South China Sea, and they were all from the Han Dynasty.

This is also something that can't be helped, the place in the South China Sea was a place of exile in ancient times.

Generally, good things don’t appear in that kind of place, and if they do, it must be caused by a special period or a special event.

On the other side of the South China Sea in the Han Dynasty, a relatively famous historical event occurred. It must be that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Zhuya and Dan'er counties on Hainan Island in the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), and officially included Hainan Island in the central territory. .

The establishment of the prefecture and county system at that time inevitably required brutal military means to suppress the resistance of local residents.

These large and small marching cooking utensils were brought into the South China Sea with the army of the Han Dynasty in this way.

So up to now, the bronze drums unearthed in the South China Sea can be roughly divided into two types.

One is the Beiliu type, which is named after the Beiliu that was first unearthed in Xiguang;

The other type is the Lingshan type, named after it was unearthed earlier in Lingshan, and has the function of a standard artifact.

The bronze drums in the South China Sea were also excavated when local farmers were carrying out basic construction of farmland or digging foundations for building houses.

All are distributed in coastal areas such as Ling, Chang, Dan and Lin.

The bronze drum, on the other hand, evolved from the copper pot of cooking utensils. It originated from the entertainment needs of the ancients who turned the pot after a meal and danced with the music. The two are in the same line, originated from life, and witnessed history.

By this time, the three bronze wares were roughly seen, and all that was left was to look for problems.

If there is no problem, then these three things are right.

In fact, Chen Wenzhe has generally confirmed that these three bronzes should be authentic.

However, the imitation of bronze wares is so powerful now that even if you use all kinds of scientific means to go through them all, sometimes you can't identify them as imitations.

Therefore, the price of domestic bronze ware has never been high, and it is completely harmed by high imitation.

Now that I have seen the advantages of these three bronzes, it can be proved that they were unearthed from the South China Sea in the Han Dynasty.

However, now we have to find faults to see if there is anything wrong, and as long as there is something wrong, it is wrong as a whole.

The identification of bronze ware is so strict.

You know, Chen Wenzhe still has a unique skill - red spot green embroidery, which is actually an old-fashioned technique.

Since it will be old, it will definitely be appraised!

Just reverse reasoning, so now let's look at the casting method first.

I didn't look carefully enough before, you know, if the casting method is wrong, then all the previous determinations can be completely overturned at once.

Most of the ancient bronze wares are cast by Tao Fan method.

The pottery model method is to make the model of the utensils to be cast into several model blocks with clay, and there are inner model and outer model.

When casting, the mold blocks are folded together to form a shape, and the copper liquid is poured from the gap between the inner and outer molds, and a copper ware is made after cooling off the mold.

This is the same as the traces left when making clay models.

Therefore, on the surface of the cast utensil, as long as it is the junction of the closed model blocks, there will be line marks.

Some post-cast grinding would be done, although some are noticeable.

However, traces on the inner side of ears, feet, soles, or other hidden places cannot be sharpened.

Moreover, the casters back then did not have the habit of clearing these fan lines at all.

Generally, forged bronze wares are mainly made of lost wax casting, because it is easier to do so, and it saves labor, effort and money.

Lost wax casting uses the whole mold, regardless of the model, and the surface of the device is clean and smooth.

Therefore, fakes often do not see the fan line, but there will be some small trachoma, which is a characteristic of lost wax casting.

Then look at the gasket, which is another easy way to identify true and false copper ware.

Gaskets are an effective tool to control the wall thickness of the caster. At that time, the casters often took some small copper pieces of uniform thickness but uneven size, and placed them in the gap between the inner and outer molds in advance.

After casting, the copper spacers are left on the wall of the container, some are easy to see, some are hard to find, and some are very symmetrical, corresponding to the left and right.

The bronzes in the early Shang Dynasty did not use gaskets, which was related to the underdevelopment of casting technology at that time.

But the fake bronze ware will not have traces of gaskets.

There are also some counterfeiters who engrave inscriptions or patterns on the real ones, but they happen to be engraved on the gaskets. There are many examples of such self-defeating.

In the identification of bronze wares, in addition to the two aspects of casting technology and utensil modeling, there is another important link that cannot be ignored, that is, the identification of decorative patterns.

Decorative patterns are a major feature of bronze wares.

It is more complex and changeable than utensils, rich in content and exquisite in production.

There are many kinds of fake bronze decorations, and there are roughly several situations.

One is fake decorations, the most exquisite ones are those produced by Zhou's workshop in Suzhou.

Of course, there are also master masterpieces in the capital of God.

These craftsmen's decoration skills are very deep, even if they are fakes, they can be regarded as exquisite handicrafts.

But for identifying the authenticity, as long as you look carefully, you can still see the flaws.

No matter how exquisitely decorated a bronze ware is, it is impossible to be perfect in terms of shape, leather shell, rust color, etc.

The second is to add engraved patterns on the plain real utensils.

This technique is very common, such as adding patterns to plain utensils without patterns.

Add patterns to real utensils with a small amount of patterns.

If the pattern is rusty and unclear, the pattern should be engraved.

On the patterns where the inlays came off, rejoin the inlays, etc.

On the one hand, this is to repair the previous damage, and on the other hand, it must increase its value.

The sun-patterned bronze drum in front of me can definitely do this, because these bronze drums are usually damaged, and as long as they are repaired and covered up a little, their value will increase dramatically.