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Imitation official glaze - in "Tao Cheng Jishi" written by Tang Ying, it is called iron bone grand view glaze.

There are two kinds of moon white and gray blue.

The number is the largest among Qing Yongzheng antique glazes, and the shapes are also the most abundant.

There are many old collections, such as garlic bottle, skimming bottle, pan mouth bottle, dove ear bottle, double ear piercing belt bottle, wishful ear treasure moon bottle, three hole gourd bottle, Tianyuan place gourd bottle, ribbon ear gourd flat Bottles, square bottles with five-hole string pattern, three-series plum bottles, four-series bottles, beast-ear ring bottles, and burden-shaped bottles.

Then there are some other types of utensils, such as flower cups with petal mouths, pomegranate statues, lantern statues, double-ear stoves, extravagant flower pourers, lotus-style incense sticks, cup holders, ganoderma lucidum water Cheng, duck egg water Cheng, peach-style washing, etc. 20 Various styles.

These utensils are all made in a very regular way, and utensils of the same shape have uniform specifications and sizes.

There are mostly medium-sized display vessels with a height of more than 30 cm, and there are fewer practical plates, bowls, and dishes.

The carcass is generally thick, the glaze color is uniform, and the blue is slightly gray.

At the bottom of most of the utensils, there are six-character or four-character seal inscriptions made in Yongzheng Year of the Qing Dynasty, and there are very few unmarked utensils.

Many of the shapes are fired according to the Song official kiln in the Qing Palace. On April 23, the third year of Yongzheng, according to the Yuanmingyuan, Yuanwailang Haiwang ordered: According to the size of the official kiln cylinder, the drawings are presented. It was handed over to Jiangxi Burning Office for firing.

On the 28th day of the first month of the fourth year of Yongzheng, Prince Yi Jiaoda official kiln round dish.These are still made as samples.

Imitation Ru glaze - formerly known as Iron Bone Wuwen Ru Glaze, most of which are dark blue in color, the number of products is second only to imitation official glaze, many shapes are repeated with imitation official glaze, but the types are reduced.

On April 27th of the third year of Yongzheng, the eunuch Liu Yujiao (Ru) kiln porcelain furnace, one official kiln porcelain furnace and one Ge kiln porcelain furnace were played.

(Ru) The kiln is equipped with a seat according to the official kiln seat. On June 25, Prince Yi presented it.

The new shapes added during the Yongzheng period include high-legged statues, straight vertebral bottles, angled hexagonal bottles, alms bowls, lotus seed jars, deep-bellied bowls, plates, etc.

The glaze is bluish-blue in color, similar to deep sky blue. The inscriptions recognize the common six-character seals in seal script, and there are also six-character regular scripts with blue and white double circles made in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.

Imitation brother glaze - formerly known as iron bone brother glaze, there are two kinds of pink blue and beige.

The shape is less than that of imitation official and Ru glaze, and the plate mouth bottle and double ear square bottle are the same as those of imitation official and Ru glaze.

There are also newly added three-hole pierced ear flat bottles, double-eared four-series bottles, pomegranate statues with breast nails, double fish-eared incense burners, pen mountain sons, brush washers, water Cheng and other small study utensils.

Most of the blue glazes are light gray, and the blue glaze has staggered pattern of cracks similar to gold wires and iron wires.

Most of the finished products have six-character seal inscriptions secretly engraved on the inside of the ring foot, and a few have no inscriptions.

Imitation Jun glaze - one of the most distinctive varieties of Yongzheng official kiln.

In the seventh year of Yongzheng, Tang Ying sent Wu Yaopu to Nanhe to learn about the recipe of Song Jun Kiln.

After that, the Song Jun Kiln, which had been lost for more than 300 years, was quickly restored.

On the one hand, the glaze colors that are very similar to Song Jun kilns, such as rose purple, begonia red, red plaque, and moon white, have been fired successfully;

The glaze is very thick, with brown eyes and earthworm mud patterns on the glaze surface, and the uppercase numbers from one to ten are engraved on the bottom, without identification, completely imitating the production of Song Jun Kiln.

On the other hand, the kiln-colored glaze was created and fired, and it fell into flame red with red kiln-changing as the main color.

Or the flame blue, which is mainly blue kiln, the glaze surface is clean and bright, and the glass texture is very strong, like rising and burning flames moving upwards.

The shapes include gall-shaped bottles, plate-mouthed bottles, water chestnut flat bottles, drum nail washers, etc., and the bottom has a six-character seal in seal script made in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.

There are also rare varieties such as furnace uniform glaze, lapis lazuli glaze and jasper glaze in kiln variable glaze.

Imitation Ding Glaze——Ding kiln imitation products in the Yongzheng Dynasty include embossed tripod furnaces, double-line embossed flat bottles, halberd flower goblets, printed flower pouches, gourd bottles, printed plates, printed bowls, small bottles and small Small containers such as boxes and cans.

The glaze color paste is white, yellowish and opaque, the surface of the glaze mostly has fine cracks, and the carcass is relatively light.

Generally, there are auxiliary decorations of embossing or printing, and the patterns are regular and delicate.

The bottom of the vessel is darkly engraved under the glaze, the six-character seal seal stamp made in the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty;

And a few dark engravings, double circle six-character regular script inscribed in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.

Yellow glaze Yellow glaze was the supreme color in the courts of Ming and Qing dynasties.

Most of the plates and bowls used in daily meals are yellow glazed wares.

The coloring agent of the yellow glaze is antimony oxide, and different amounts of iron were added to the antimony oxide during the Yongzheng period to make rich changes in color tone.

At this time, the yellow glazes include jiaohuang (pouring yellow), light yellow, beeswax yellow, eel yellow, etc. The famous light yellow (egg yolk) was newly created by Yongzheng. It is thin and light in color and extremely moist.

Yongzheng yellow glaze is not glazed on the rough body of the biscuit like in the Kangxi Dynasty.

Instead, low-temperature yellow glaze is applied on the fired white porcelain, so it is very clean.

Small pieces of thin placenta and bowl utensils are mostly seen in egg yolk glaze.

A yellow-glazed plate with a small number of embossed lotus petals, up to 40 cm in diameter.

Yellow glaze can be divided into yellow glaze inside and outside, white glaze inside and yellow glaze outside.

Inside the white glaze on the bottom of the plate and bowl, there are mostly blue and white six-character regular script inscriptions made in the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and there are fewer blue and white six-character seal script seals.

The uses of yellow glaze products are mainly sacrificial supplies and daily meals.

According to "Qing Files", on the [-]th day of the first lunar month in the first year of Yongzheng, Prince Yi had [-] yellow porcelain plates and [-] yellow porcelain bowls.

On this plate and bowl, it is equipped with a copper fruit cover.

Generally speaking, plates and bowls for daily meals do not need to be equipped with copper fruit holders.

Only the plates and bowls containing the fruit offerings need to be equipped with a cover for the convenience of placing the offerings.

The colors used for sacrificial vessels in the Qing Dynasty followed the traditional theory of Tianxuandihuang.

According to the five elements of water, fire, wood, gold, and soil, match the corresponding five colors;

Blue, red, yellow, white, and black are used to worship gods in different directions.

In the national grand ceremonies, the circular mounds, praying valleys, and Changyu are used in green.

Fangze uses yellow, and Suntan uses red.

White is used for the Moon Altar; yellow is used for Sheji and Xiannong.

In terms of daily tableware, emperors and empresses can use the most noble yellow-glazed utensils without quota.

Under the share of the empress dowager, 250 yellow porcelain plates, [-] porcelain plates of various colors, and [-] porcelain bowls of various colors are supplied every year.

The queen is slightly less, with 220 yellow porcelain plates, [-] porcelain plates of various colors, [-] yellow porcelain plates, [-] porcelain plates of various colors, [-] yellow porcelain bowls, and [-] porcelain plates of various colors.

By analogy, imperial concubines use white inside and outside yellow porcelain, while noble concubines, concubines, nobles, promises, and middle and lower concubines who are often in the order of rank have no chance with pure yellow wares.

In the Qing Dynasty, on December 11th, Yongzheng [-]th year, Chang Ning, a teahouse with pen stickers, sent Mahada, the minister of Sanzhi, the head of the tea and dining room, etc., and said that the yellow porcelain bowl and yellow magnetic cup of the tea and dining room in this house are not enough.

The dining room wants to add thirty second-class yellow porcelain bowls, twenty third-class yellow porcelain bowls, and thirty yellow porcelain cups.

The waiter wants to add [-] pieces of yellow magnetic cups, a total of [-] pieces.

Please Haiwang line and other words such as burning here.

Finally, the decree was issued: hand it over to the general manager for use.

It can be seen from this that the status of yellow glaze wares in the court is very important.