My system is not decent

Few bronze mirrors were unearthed intact, and most of them were broken or missing.The counterfeiter welds the broken parts into a whole, and the defect is repaired with copper rust.

Where the mirror surface is not smooth and has patina, it is a filling.It can be said that there are antique mirrors in all dynasties, so there are many types of imitation mirrors.

Of course, the types of imitation mirrors in different eras are different. Even if it is the same type of mirror, imitation in different eras has different emphases.

It's just that the earlier the dynasty, the more controversial it is whether there are antique mirrors.For example, imitation mirrors in the Tang Dynasty were very controversial. There are still different opinions on whether there were imitation mirrors in the Tang Dynasty.

There are also imitation mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Some people think that the Song Dynasty did not imitate the Han mirror, and some people think that the Song Dynasty has imitated the Han mirror.But it is mainly an imitation of Tang mirrors, so there were imitation mirrors in the Song Dynasty.

Later, according to the information seen, the Song Dynasty had indeed imitated the bronze mirrors of the Han and Tang Dynasties.In addition, there are Xingyun mirror, four-breasted mirror in the imitation Han mirror.

"Family and rich" mirrors, regular mirrors, four-beast mirrors, innocent mirrors, etc.Gold imitation mirrors are especially slightly yellower than copper imitation Song mirrors.

Among them, the sunlight and Zhaoming mirror of the Han Dynasty have been imitated in almost all dynasties.It must be the seven-circle inscription, and the added inscription is specially added to the inner circle inscription.

Ming and Qing imitation mirrors are far more rough than Han and Tang Dynasties, and also as Wang as Song mirrors. This has nothing to do with the small increase in tin content and the small increase in zinc content in Sun Moon Ming and Qing imitation mirrors.

In particular, although the added patterns and inscriptions are weak in content and form, there are no very clear rules.

Contrast is the characteristic of various parts of the same period, and grasping even slight changes is an important aspect to distinguish real mirrors from imitation mirrors.

Then there are imitation Han mirrors, such as sunlight mirrors, Zhaoming mirrors, Qingbai mirrors, portrait mirrors, regular mirrors, and dragon and tiger mirrors.

The ancient bronze mirrors passed down to today are all unearthed cultural relics.Among the mirrors imitating the Song Dynasty, there are flower mirrors, eight trigrams mirrors, and Huzhou Wu mirrors.

Therefore, the copper quality and color have not changed.Of course, the imitation mirrors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are not very bad, it is the same at any time.

Because I think that although the imitation mirror does not have the characteristics of the real mirror, it is a product of this era after all, and it must show some characteristics of the era in which the imitation mirror was located.

The texture of Song imitation mirror is like that of Han and Tang mirrors.In the imitation mirrors of the Jin Dynasty, it is easy to identify which dynasty is the imitation, and the words and pictures inspected by the government must not have been chiseled.

There were also many imitation mirrors in the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty mainly imitated the patterns of Han, Tang, and Song mirrors.Sea beast grape mirrors, auspicious beast mirrors, and flower and bird mirrors from the Tang Dynasty.

No silver, no lead.The texture of the bronze mirror is crystal clear, and it was contaminated with mercury first, and it has been stained with mercury for a long time. It is covered with mercury and bright white through the ages. sacrificial objects.

For example, there is no difference in the quality of copper, because before the Song Dynasty, the composition of the bronze mirror alloy in your country changed significantly. The tin content increased significantly, the lead content decreased, and the proportion of zinc also decreased.

In ancient times, mercury was used in burials, so the bronze mirrors unearthed today must have been stained by mercury.The original mirror has no patterns and no inscriptions, and the added inscriptions are at least one or seven places in the pattern, suppressing a part of the original ornamentation.

That should be an important aspect to distinguish between antique mirrors and real mirrors.When using the original mirror copy to imitate the mold making, the craftsman at that time added some decorations and inscriptions.

Song imitation is relatively soft, brass, yellow and red.But in that large world, craftsmen of all ages have refurbished and changed in various aspects such as decorations, inscriptions, inner shapes, bands dividing decorations, edges, buttons, and button seats.

Some of the added content is extremely obvious, while others are more subtle.There were few silver ingot buttons in the Ming Dynasty, and the buttons in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had flat tops and were much smaller in area than imitation mirrors in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and few inscriptions were cast under the flat tops.

However, due to self-importance and imitation of the decoration, we did not pay more attention to it, and even made mistakes in some important descriptions, and designated the imitation mirror with the added content as the mirror of the original era.

To distinguish the authenticity of bronze mirrors, first of all, we should fully understand the regression of bronze mirrors in various ages from the aspects of the nature, decoration, and content of the bronze mirrors.

Among the mirrors imitating the Tang Dynasty, the mirrors of sea animals and grapes are the most.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, there were also a lot of imitation mirrors. During this period, the fashion of antiques was very popular, and the courts and folks all imitated them, and mirrors in all periods were imitated.

Bronze mirrors of the same era do not have the same characteristics, and are all affected by politics, economy, ideology, culture and customs at that time.

It must have been polluted by blood and water first, and then invaded by mercury. The copper is simple, and its color is like lead, and the color stagnates after a long time. few.

Except for those, there is no difference, and the added content is the same.Ming and Qing imitation mirrors have straight edges, clear edges and corners, and the difference in buttons is small.

Originally, the mirror is a flat surface with a small area, which can be seen at a glance.Although the imitation mirrors of the Ming and Qing courts were made of brass, the imitation mirrors of the Ming Dynasty were yellow and white, and the imitation mirrors of the Qing Dynasty were yellow and yellow.

However, due to the quality of copper and the strength of mercury, its mercury color is naturally the same.As for the inscriptions added before, the least are the names of these mirror-casting workshops, shops and craftsmen, and most of them should be the names of bronze mirror users.

Judging from the location of the additional inscriptions, there are almost no different situations, depending on the decoration content of the original mirror.

It's not that the appearance is the same, because the change of the alloy composition brings about the same texture and color, which will inevitably affect the quality of the bronze mirror.

Rough statistics show that there are no additional inscriptions: Gong, Chen, Sun, Da, Cao, Li, Lu, Zhao, Ma, etc.

The letter mirror in the Song and Jin Dynasties is smooth in copper, decorated with mold lakes, and the lines are rough and dull.Others I have not done are Qijia, Caopu, Kongji, Luzao, Maqing, Lujiazao, Zhangjiazao, Li Taishanzao, Lipu Bronze, pretending to be Li Jingzhen is a pig dog, Qijiabao for bronze, Xieduotang Baobao For bronze etc.

The half-mercury and half-green cinnabar pile is first rotted by flesh and blood, and it turns green after half a day, and the half-clean is stained with mercury, so the back of a mirror is mixed with seven colors.

The most important thing is that the shape and structure are the same. Although the bronze mirror is particularly small, the back of the mirror has a large area.The characteristics of imitation mirrors in different periods are still not the same.

The inner area of ​​the original mirror is decorated with inscriptions, and the added pictures and texts are not placed in the ornamentation.Judging from the types of imitation mirrors in each of the above eras, there are inscription mirrors, rule mirrors, portrait mirrors, and dragon and tiger mirrors in the Han Dynasty such as Sunlight and Zhaoming.

Huzhou mirrors and Sigua mirrors of the Song Dynasty were important mirrors imitated in previous generations.The imitation mirrors of each era are clarified, and the key areas for identifying imitation mirrors are delineated.

Since there are so few imitated bronze mirrors, and there are no imitations in all ages, the identification of such bronze mirrors is not a very important issue.

Just to name a few examples: Song imitates Tang Dynasty mirrors shaped like water chestnuts and sunflowers. In Tang Dynasty, these mirrors were all in and out shapes, but in Song Dynasty there were only eight out shapes.

If the original mirror has no ornamentation but no inscription, it must be a mirror with a single circle of inscriptions, and the additional inscriptions are added to the original circle of inscriptions.