My system is not decent

Of course, there are other techniques besides those mentioned above.

For example, a layer of white glaze is first applied on the utensils as a ground glaze, and a thin layer of green colored glaze containing copper oxide is applied on top of the white glaze, which is fired once at high temperature in an oxidizing atmosphere.

This kind of green-glazed utensils was not well known by people in the past.

In previous archaeological excavations, so-called "white-glazed and green-colored" utensils from the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty were found in many kilns in the northern region.

From this, it can actually be seen that the porcelain of the Song Dynasty played a role in linking the past and the future.

There were not many colored glaze porcelains in the Song Dynasty, and they were generally monochrome glazes, such as celadon and white porcelain.

At most, there are some green glaze, black glaze, sauce glaze porcelain.

At this time, Chen Wenzhe suddenly realized that when he was making green-glazed porcelain in South Vietnam, it seemed that there was no end.

For example, he didn't seem to make white-glazed green-colored porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In other words, when he was here, he was distracted, attracted by other porcelains, and turned to other porcelains.

Now that he happened to be idle, he naturally wanted to find something to do.

Therefore, he started with low-temperature glaze. If possible, he wanted to refire all the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty.

It is not easy to refire the five famous kilns, but starting from low-temperature glaze, it is not difficult to fire some green glazed porcelain.

The production method of the so-called "white glaze and green color" utensils is consistent with the above-mentioned technological process.

It's just that the green color on most of the utensils is only used as a decoration in a small area in some areas.

For example, in the excavation of the Cizhou kiln site, the white-glazed and green-colored incense burners, bottles, jars and other utensils unearthed from the earliest strata are only decorated with some green colored spots along the surface and belly.

However, many white-glazed and green-colored porcelains were found in the early strata of the Yaozhou Kiln in Tongchuan, Xishan, and the Husha Kiln.

Moreover, some utensils are decorated with large green spots, covering most of the surface of the utensils. These utensils are all fired at high temperature in one shot.

It can be seen that there is basically no problem in the process of applying green color to the white glaze and firing it once.

As for the firing temperature, whether it is lower than that of ordinary white-glazed porcelain, it is still unknown due to the lack of good test data.

The best example is the porcelain from the shipwreck of the Tang Dynasty Black Stone salvaged from Belitung Island off the coast of Indonesia in recent years.

Porcelain with a date of the second year of Baoli (826) in the Tang Dynasty was found from this shipwreck.

The age when this ship sank probably will not be much later than this age.

More than 6 pieces of porcelain were released from the Black Stone, including hundreds of white-glazed and green-colored porcelain produced in the northern region.

There are large areas of green colored spots on these porcelains, which are scattered and flowing, covering most of the surface of the porcelain.

When the green glaze on the surface of the vessel is sufficient, the green covers the entire surface of the vessel, and it becomes green glazed porcelain.

One of Wanwan's private collections is considered to be a green-glazed bottle produced by Nanhe Gongyi Kiln. The upper part can be called a green-glazed vessel, but the way the green color spots are applied can be seen on the abdomen.

This vessel is a good example of dense green color spots turning into a green glaze vessel.

The characteristic of this kind of green glaze utensils is that the green is relatively light and bright.

Among several kinds of green glaze wares, the color is the clearest and brightest.

But the green is obviously mottled and uneven, and generally has a thinner feature.

At present, this kind of green glaze wares are mainly found in the late Tang Dynasty, but Cizhou kiln and some kilns in the central and western regions of Nanhe.

For example, the white-glazed green-colored porcelain produced by Xinmi Xiguan Kiln and Hebi Ji Kiln was very popular in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and continued to be produced until the late Northern Song Dynasty.

Therefore, it should be reasonable to adopt this method in the late Northern Song Dynasty to produce green-glazed utensils.

In 2005, the Shendu Institute of Cultural Relics excavated a large area of ​​the Longquanwu kiln site of the Liao Dynasty in the mtg area again.

Among the unearthed objects in the strata of the late Liao Dynasty, green-glazed porcelain pieces were found that were glazed in the same way as this green-glazed plum vase.

This has become a good example of this kind of green glazed porcelain, which continued to be produced until the late Northern Song Dynasty.

In the past, it was not known whether Ding Kiln produced such green-glazed wares. Later, there was a plum vase, which could be used as evidence for the production of such green-glazed porcelain in Ding Kiln due to reliable test data.

The coloring agent of the green glaze is copper oxide, and the lead compound is used as the basic flux.

Generally, the plain body is fired first, and then glazed and fired at low temperature.

The green glaze products fired by Ding kiln have been produced in large quantities from the middle and late Tang Dynasty to the end of Jin Dynasty, and the types of vessels are very rich.

The firing of green glaze may have evolved from the inheritance of Tang Sancai technology.

The current Dingzhou Museum has a complete Jin Dynasty Ding kiln green-glazed engraved pillow in the style of Cizhou kiln.

The specimens of the ruins show that a small number of green-glazed Ding kiln products have various exquisite decorations such as engraving, printing, ticking and pasting, and most of them are plain and without grain.

In the early days, makeup clay was used, and the color was light green and verdant, which was pleasing to the eye and slightly different from the color of other kilns.

Most of them are loaded with three-fork nails, pad cakes and mud rings, etc., and there are no covered-fired Mangkou varieties.

The green glaze of Ding kiln should be a low-temperature glaze of about 800°C fired in the kiln for the second time.

But as far as its tire is concerned, no products above 1100°c have been seen.

The reason may be that the boundary of the green biscuit ware must have a certain water absorption rate, so as to ensure the adsorption capacity of the glaze water.

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At that time, the firing technology of Ding kiln could not solve the problem of secondary glaze firing of 1250°C high-temperature biscuit.

In addition, when the high-temperature plain tire is refired, it is also very easy to break.

Considering a variety of factors, there was no high-temperature green setting at that time.

Even if it exists occasionally, it is just a small amount of experimental products and immature products.

Therefore, due to the limitation of technology at that time, there was no Ding kiln variety that officially produced green-glazed high-temperature porcelain bodies.

In the Song Dynasty, only Xiguangrong County fired high-temperature green-glazed porcelain.

In the northern and southern kilns, green-glazed pottery is mostly fired.

Ding kiln ruins, especially Yanchuan District, are full of low-temperature green-glazed pottery.

Among the many green-glazed ceramic fragments of Ding kiln, very few have the characteristics of Ding kiln style depiction, thin body and white body.

However, compared with high-temperature white tires that are white and thin, there is a significant distance between them.

The origin of Ding kiln green glaze,

From the perspective of origin, Han green glaze, multi-color lead glaze in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui green glaze, Tang tri-color glaze, and Song green glaze should have a relationship of inheritance.

Han green glaze is also a low-temperature lead glaze, but the glaze color is single, only green and yellow.

Generally, it is glass glaze, and some glaze colors have poor transparency.

After more than 2000 years of ground temperature and ground pressure, as well as water and soil infiltration, most of the glaze layer has changed.

Therefore, after unearthed, silver-white crystals were precipitated on the glaze surface, which is called silver glaze in the world.

The glaze has less flakes.

After the further development of multi-color glazes in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the green glazes in the Sui Dynasty, the colorful Tang Sancai was formed in the Tang Dynasty.

Tang Sancai has bright colors, transparent enamel, finely divided pieces, and firmer fetal quality than that of Han Dynasty.

In the Ding kiln system, Tang yellow glazed porcelain appeared, with finer body, more transparent enamel, and cosmetic clay.