My system is not decent

After the Tang Dynasty, more justice cups gradually began to be discovered.

For example, in Gaoliu Village, Gaoling, Chang'an, a late Yuan Dynasty tomb was excavated.

This time, a set of well-preserved justice cups was unearthed.

There is also a birthday star standing in the cup, and the tray is in the shape of a lotus leaf.

The workmanship and shape are very similar to the justice cup collected by the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Museum.

In folk collections, there is a blue-and-white Poetry Justice Cup from the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty.

On the cup it is written, "If it is leaking, it is actually wine. If it is half full, it will be leaked, but if it is full, it will not be accepted. How can it be that it is not accepted, and there is no mourning. How many are there. Sit on it, and the precepts can be kept for a long time."

It roughly means that you can drink half a glass of wine, otherwise it will all leak out. People can't be too greedy, just be restrained.

In the middle of the cup stood an old man with fluttering robes and sleeves, with a natural expression and a smile on his face.

There is also a Zisha Fairness Cup from the Qing Dynasty in the Jinling Museum.

This cup is in the shape of a hemisphere lotus leaf, and there is a scale on the floating little longevity man. If the scale is exposed, if you continue to pour wine, the wine will leak out from the small hole under the little man's body.

In the West, there are actually such cups.

Of course, it is only using the principle of siphon to make a similar cup called "Pythagoras cup".

Legend has it that the ancient Greek philosopher, Pythagoras, invented it.

The invention of fairness cups in ancient times in the East and the West all reflect a common idea - temperance.

Therefore, Chen Wenzhe was not greedy, so he used the information to imitate a few of these justice cups that he knew, even without pictures.

"Since we made the Fairness Cup, should we also make one for the Backflow Pot?"

Now in the antique market, it is generally a backflow pot, paired with a justice cup, and the combination is a complete set to cheat.

So what is a backflow jug?

The backflow pot, also known as the inner tube pot because there is a through-heart tube in the center of the pot bottom, is one of the pot styles that began in the Spring and Autumn Period, became popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The unique structure and ingenious internal design of the inverted pot fully embody the wisdom and creativity of ancient skilled craftsmen, and it is a wonderful flower in my country's ceramic art.

Because pouring water into the pot needs to be poured from the nozzle of the bottom core, it is also called pouring pot and pouring pot.

According to relevant records, the "Dou Liu" pot was the most famous in the Song Dynasty.

In the Yuan Dynasty, its craftsmanship developed even more proficiently.

According to the "Catalogue of Porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty", the production process of the "backflow" pot is rather peculiar, and the firing needs to go through three processes, each of which is relatively complicated.

After these three processes are fired, they are connected in turn to form the exquisitely constructed "backflow" pot of the Yuan Dynasty.

Because this pot reverses the traditional method of pouring water from the top of the pot, it turns the pot upside down, pours water into the pot from the bottom, and then pours it out after being placed upright, so it is called "backflow pot".

When the backflow pot was first produced is still inconclusive.

In the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, backflow pots were more popular.

The porcelain industry in the Song Dynasty developed greatly. At that time, there were many kilns and various types of porcelain.

The white porcelain of Ding Kiln in the north, the engraved celadon porcelain of Yaozhou Kiln, the white-glazed black-flower porcelain of Cizhou Kiln, and the kiln-shaped porcelain of Jun Kiln are all very famous.

That period, with its rich decorative techniques, constituted the unique style of northern porcelain.

And the one now in the Xishan History Museum, the Five Dynasties Yaozhou kiln green-glazed porcelain pot carved with flower lions and flowing upside down, is one of the representatives.

This work was unearthed in Bin County, Western Shaanxi in the early 70s.

The pot integrates kneading, carving, mold printing and decoration. The technique is skillful and experienced, and the decoration is dense and dense, and the transition is natural.

The whole body of the pot is covered with celadon glaze, the glaze color is deep green, elegant and moist, which shows the superb level of porcelain making technology of Yaozhou kiln in the Five Dynasties.

When I first discovered this backflow pot, many people didn't know how it was used.

Now I know it, and I am sure that it is a national treasure, so it is now called the thousand-year-old "magic pot".

It is a gorgeous and wonderful work among ancient porcelain treasures!

Because it is unique in shape, beautiful and gorgeous.

The phoenix is ​​used as the pot handle, the lion's mouth is used as the spout, and the peony, the king of flowers, wraps around the body of the pot, which has an ingenious design.

The body of the pot is round, and the cover, beam and body are connected as one.

The most important thing is "pour the liquid, turn it over without leaking", so it is called "magic pot".

What kind of internal structure and magical "magic power" does this magical "magic pot" have?

What kind of past and present life does this porcelain pot shining with the ancient "light of wisdom" have?

This is a green-glazed pot poured on a beam, a true national treasure.

It is a porcelain pot as ingenious as gold and finer as jade.

This porcelain pot is 18.3 cm high and 14.3 cm in belly diameter. It is an outstanding treasure among Yaozhou kiln porcelains.

The porcelain pot has a phoenix-style lifting beam, a breastfeeding mother and lion are stacked at the junction of the lid and the pot, and the spherical pot belly is carved with peonies. It is known as the "Three Kings" pot.

It has a peculiar shape, and the lid and the body of the pot are connected as one.

The water injection hole is in the center of the bottom of the utensil. When using it, the pot must be turned upside down and the liquid will be injected from the plum blossom hole at the bottom, so it is also called "magic pot" by the world.

This porcelain pot is now one of the "treasures of the town hall" of the Shaanxi History Museum. In 1996, it was designated as a first-class cultural relic by the National Cultural Relics Appraisal Group;

In 2013, it was banned from being exhibited abroad as a first-class cultural relic;

In 2015, its replica was presented to Lao Mo, the three leaders of India as a national gift.

This olive-colored blue-glazed porcelain ewer with beam handle and inverted injection has a novel and unique shape, with complicated and gorgeous decorations.

The body of the pot is round and shaped like an upside-down persimmon.

Tiliang is a phoenix, with its head slightly raised, as if it wants to spread its wings and fly.

The mouth of the pot is a lioness lying on her side with her mouth open, and a lion cub clings to the lioness to suck milk, which is vivid and lifelike.

The body of the pot is decorated with protruding and withered peonies, and the bottom is decorated with upturned lotus petals, with free and easy lines.

According to Ju Zhenxi, a famous Yaozhou porcelain expert, this celadon engraved pouring pot is actually a rare treasure in Yaozhou kiln.

Yaozhou kiln began in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty, and declined in Ming Dynasty. It is famous both at home and abroad for its exquisite carved celadon.

The engraving technique is to first use a knife to carve the outline of the pattern vertically, then use a knife to carve obliquely next to the pattern, and remove the bottom mud to make the pattern slightly convex, and then glaze and fire.

The pattern of the finished product is clear, the layers are distinct, the glaze color is crystal clear and translucent, and has a strong three-dimensional effect.

So, how was such a beautiful and peculiar porcelain pot discovered?

When did this pot come from, and why was it recognized as a national treasure?

In 1968, a farmer in Chengguan Town, Bin County accidentally dug up a porcelain pot.

He didn't think much of it, and threw the porcelain pot at home.

In 1982, when his relative Gao Lixun returned home to visit relatives, he accidentally discovered this strange pot. He guessed that it should be a cultural relic, so he took it to consult a cultural relic expert.

The cultural relic experts were very excited when they saw this ancient porcelain pot with unique shape and exquisite decoration, and thought it should be a rare Yaozhou kiln cultural relic.

After several twists and turns, the farmer donated this porcelain pot to the Xishan Provincial Museum at that time.