My system is not decent

When Chen Wenzhe just got the treasure of the blue-and-white elephant-headed square foot army, Chen Wenzhe only knew what an army is and what a clean bottle is.

After all, he has a good memory, and he remembers everything he has seen!

However, even he could hardly imagine that when he first found this kind of porcelain, countless domestic experts didn't know what these things were used for.

This is archaeology, and only through investigation and research can we finally determine what this thing is for.

And such things often happen in the archaeological world.

For example, if the ancient finger scissors that Chen Wenzhe bought before were not found in the murals of another ancient tomb, can you imagine that the living standards of the ancients would be so high?

This armament is also the same, if you don’t study it carefully, you really don’t understand the whimsy of the ancients.

Because this military holder has two ports, the short port is the water inlet, and the high port is the water outlet.

When in use, the bottom of the bottle is pressed down in the water so that the water surface does not pass through the water inlet, and it can be taken out after filling.

At this time, the military holder has been filled with water. In order to prevent the liquid from splashing out, you can also stuff a ball of cotton cloth at the water inlet.

But there is no need to worry about the water outlet, because no matter how bumpy the water in the arm is, it will not spill a single drop.

Unless you tilt it to more than 90 degrees when drinking water, so that the water in the military holder can flow out smoothly.

From this point of view, we really want to thank archaeology. Without the spirit of seeking knowledge and exploration of experts, the identity of the "military commander" is still a mystery, let alone uncovering the secrets of ancient Buddhism.

Archeology is not only the golden key to open the door of history, but also a bright light in the vast sea of ​​history.

Like the Wanli ship, and the shipwreck of the Wanli period discovered by Chen Wenzhe, there are many classics of the Ming Dynasty on it.

And all of this is caused by historical reasons.

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the country's power declined day by day, and it was difficult to have the financial resources to support a feat like "Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas". The tribute trade system that was at its peak gradually disintegrated.

With the opening of new sea routes and the active activities of the Portuguese at sea, the city of Macao has become a global trade center, and promoted the initial contact between Catholicism and our country's local culture.

In the first year of Ming Longqing (1567), the Ming Empire lifted the "maritime ban" to a limited extent, and non-governmental trade flourished again, bringing a continuous trade surplus.

At the same time, Europeans began to spread along the Sea Silk Road and opened a new route from the Americas across the Pacific Ocean. Catholicism spread rapidly along with the European colonists.

The Maritime Silk Road will inevitably gradually expand into a sea route with truly global significance.

The Wanli period was obviously the most active period for foreign trade in the Ming Dynasty.

For example, Chen Wenzhe's discovery was not accidental. According to some domestic experts' research on historical materials, there are at least 6 shipwrecks in the South China Sea, which belong to the Wanli period.

There are more than one shipwrecks in the middle and late Ming Dynasty collected by the Guangdong Provincial Museum.

The ceramics in it come from two sunken ships, such as "Nan'ao I" and "Wanli", both of which belonged to the merchant ships of the Wanli period.

There are also many porcelains with water flowing out of them, among which the classic ones are the blue and white "grain" plate of Zhangzhou kiln in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty.

The Zhangzhou kiln blue and white "Liang" large plate is 8.7 in height, 33.0 in diameter, and 13.0 cm in bottom diameter. It was discovered in "Nan'ao No. [-]".

There is also a Ming Wanli Jingzhen kiln blue and white Feng Hou Juelu Tu "Fu Gui Jia Qi" plate, which is 4.2 in height, 18.5 to 19.1 in diameter, and 12.0 cm in bottom diameter, which was also discovered in "Nan'ao No. [-]".

"Nan'ao I" sank in Sandianjin Sea, Nan'ao County, Guangdong Province.

The academic circles have several views on the age of "Nan'ao No. 1" during the Wanli period, after the 36th year of Wanli, and when the Longqing opened the sea.

But generally speaking, the blue and white porcelain age of "Nan'ao No. 1" points to the late Ming Dynasty.

The "Nan'ao No. 1" ship-borne porcelain is mainly products of Hu Jian's Zhangzhou kiln series and Jingzhen kiln series.

Among them, there are more than 2 pieces of Zhangzhou kiln porcelain;

There are more than 5000 pieces of Jingzhen kiln, including blue and white and multicolored.

It can be seen from this that the blue-and-white porcelain of Zhangzhou kiln is the bulk of the ship-borne porcelain of "Nan'ao No. 1", and the blue-and-white large plate and bowl with a lid are representative objects.

The porcelain body and enamel of these blue and white porcelains are relatively thick, and the blue and white porcelain is gray or dull.

The characters or flower and bird patterns drawn on it are relatively random, and the bottom feet are glued with fine sand, which is the so-called "sand foot device".

Obviously, the porcelain in the sunken ship discovered by Chen Wenzhe also came from these two places.

Therefore, the porcelain he found includes both Hu Jian's and Jingzhen's blue and white porcelain.

Generally speaking, porcelain that goes to sea must be purchased nearby.

From this point of view, it must be more reasonable to purchase porcelain from Hu Jian's side.

Know that just one shipment can save you big.

Hu Jian's Dehua Kiln is also a famous kiln, and the porcelain it produces is certainly no worse than that in Jingzhen.

However, it also depends on the degree of participation of the official kilns, and there are kilns jointly built by the government and the people in Jingzhen.

This is also proved, because the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology once went to Jingzhen to investigate the official kiln site, the Hutian kiln site and the Guanyin Pavilion site.

By comparing the shipwreck and the products of the kiln site, it is inferred that the Jingzhen kiln porcelain produced by "Nan'ao No. 1" comes from the fourth phase of the Guanyin Pavilion site, which is about the early and middle Wanli period.

The "Jingzhen Guanyinge Ming Dynasty Kiln Site Excavation Report" pointed out that in the third phase of the Guanyinge site, that is, during the Jiajing period, a large white glaze plate engraved with the inscription "◆◆Jia◆◆ and blue and white five-clawed dragon patterns were found. Fragment of the bowl.

All this proves that the Guanyinge kiln site is a kiln site for "official and private burning".

Needless to say, the quality of porcelain fired by this method is definitely better.

After all, with the participation of official kilns, the porcelain produced cannot be the same as that of private kilns.

By this time, with the release of a large number of cultural relics, Chen Wenzhe was very clear about the overall situation of this batch of porcelain.

Although it took a long time for him to go to sea this time, among the several shipwrecks was that one, which kept a large number of blue and white porcelain.

"Sword Comes"

Not to mention anything else, it's just a shipwreck in the Ming Dynasty, and the total number of porcelains out of the water is estimated to be more than [-] pieces.

This part of porcelain is very easy to identify, because some of the utensils have "made in the next year" on the bottom.

Judging from the water relics, the age of the shipwreck is basically determined to be the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.

Among the cultural relics that have been discovered, some are blue and white porcelain produced at the mouth of Jingzhen Kiln.

Among them are flowers and birds, figures and some simple and atmospheric freehand blue and white porcelain.

However, not all of these porcelains are high-quality goods.

Perhaps it is because the quantity purchased is too large, so it is inevitable that there are many blue and white porcelains that come from Jingzhen folk kilns.

But the products of these folk kilns are all like those of the Guanyin Pavilion porcelain kiln.

If Guanyin Pavilion has a share in the official kiln, then the kiln mouth has the technology of the official kiln, and naturally it can produce high-quality porcelain.