My system is not decent

In 1602 AD, the Dutch East India Company captured a Portuguese merchant ship at sea with a large amount of porcelain on board.

Because the place of origin of these porcelains was unknown, the batch of porcelains was named after the merchant ship's name "Clark".

Since then, Clark porcelain has become synonymous with my country's export porcelain in the Ming Dynasty.

According to archaeological excavations combined with academic research, Clarke porcelain should be produced in Zhangzhou area of ​​Hu Jian, and it is different from Jingzhen products in different styles, so it is easy to distinguish.

However, the merchant ships transporting Clark porcelain did not necessarily transport all the porcelain from the Hujian area, and there must have been porcelain from Jingzhen.

After all, all exported porcelains were called Clark porcelains, so Jingzhen porcelains were also considered Clark porcelains overseas.

"This should be a Ming dynasty merchant ship similar to the wrecked Wanli ship."

"Is it also a product of Dehua kiln?" Gao Qijing began to play smart again.

While watching, Chen Wenzhe picked up a few tiles and pieced them together.

"Porcelain pieces like this are not from Dehua Kiln, but from Jingzhen."

Then he selected some porcelain pieces: "This should be the porcelain produced by Hu Jian, but it is not necessarily the Dehua kiln you think. The concept of Dehua kiln was a bit big in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. I can't tell."

After putting together one piece, a round box, looking at the unique glaze color and unique shape, Chen Wenzhe was a little silent.

"This is Jiaozhixianghe, a special box that must have come from Hu Jian's side, but there are many porcelain pieces in it, but they are from Jingzhen."

Soon, after analyzing a large number of broken porcelain fragments, Chen Wenzhe made a judgment.

This time, those guys who had luck with shit should have gained a lot.

Even if the sunken ship is relatively small, the value of the porcelain carried in it is definitely not small.

If, as he had guessed, it was a merchant ship from the Wanli period like the wreck of the Wanli ship, then the harvest would definitely not be small.

The shipwreck of the Wanli is quite famous. The porcelain salvaged from the Wanli seems to be from the same era as the porcelain found in front of Chen Wenzhe, with the same characteristics.

From 2004 to 2005, Ruiguo South China Sea Marine Archeology Co., Ltd. cooperated with the Malay government to salvage a shipwreck in the waters about 6 miles off the east coast of Terengganu, Malaya.

The shipwreck was named "Wanli" because it contained a large amount of Chinese porcelain in the style of the Wanli period.

The "Wanli" shipwreck of the Ming Dynasty was discovered in 6 in the sea about 1997 miles from the east coast of Terengganu, Malaysia.

In November 2003, Stan, a Swiss private salvager, led the investigators to determine the location of the wreck, and found that the hull had been damaged, and found that most of the cargo had been broken into pieces.

The hull of the "Wanli" is small, about 18 meters in length, and its structure belongs to European design. About 10 tons of broken porcelain were salvaged.

Among them, there are only more than 7000 complete and semi-complete wares, and it is estimated that there are at least 3 original porcelain wares.

Most of the out-water porcelains are blue-and-white porcelains from Jingzhen Kiln known as "Clark Porcelain".

There is controversy here. As for whether Jingzhen's porcelain is Clark porcelain, there is actually no need to pay too much attention to it.

Because for foreigners, all porcelain after Wanli and Jiaqing in Ming Dynasty are Clark porcelain.

And this batch of porcelain from Jingzhen includes plates, bowls, saucers, cans with lids, boxes with lids, military holders, gourd vases, jade pots and spring vases, teapots, etc.

Among them, there are more than 2000 pieces of porcelain with inscriptions, which involve the year number, names of craftsmen and workshops, and anti-counterfeiting signs.

The reason why Chen Wenzhe thought of this shipwreck was mainly because of the porcelain fragments they salvaged this time, it was obvious that there were nothing but ordinary dishes inside.

Covered jars, covered boxes, military holders, gourd bottles, jade pot spring bottles and teapots are all available.

It can be said that the commercial porcelain on this ship is almost the same as that on the Wanli.

These Clark porcelains are real fine Jingzhen porcelains, and they are all works of the Wanli period.

If you say how to recognize it, it is too obvious.

Clark porcelain is characterized by wide sides, blue and white porcelain is more common.

On the rims of plates and bowls, draw landscapes, figures, flowers, fruits, etc. in divisions and circular consecration.

In fact, the production of Clark porcelain can be divided into two periods from Wanli to early Qing Dynasty and Kangxi period.

The former is consecrated blue and white porcelain, while the latter has a thin body.

Especially Wanli's Clark blue-and-white plate, which is painted with Zhejiang materials, is still easy to identify.

And there are more colors, just a blue and white color, there are several shades of emerald blue, gray blue, and light blue.

The painting of Wanli Clark porcelain is not simple, mainly using the technique of dividing water to form three to four color levels.

This technique laid the foundation for the maturity of Kangxi blue and white.

Whether it is the Ming Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty, the porcelain that can be exported is at least visible.

Although it is not as it is now, the best export and the worst stay in the country, in fact, the situation is similar.

In that period, especially the painters in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, they skillfully moved their brushes, no matter whether they were hooked, dotted or dyed, they could do whatever they wanted, naturally and freely.

This point cannot be achieved in other periods, especially in periods of weakness.

Painters in this period used two strokes to draw circles, which is also a characteristic of porcelain paintings in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

This floral pattern has a typical European style.

In the eyes of foreigners, the porcelain made by this method is pure Clark porcelain. This is also the name of Chinese blue and white porcelain in Europe. It refers to this kind of export porcelain that is deeply loved by European princes and nobles.

Gao Qijing only knew that Clark porcelain was produced in the Qing Dynasty, which is actually quite normal.

Few people know that the development of Clark porcelain has gone through several periods.

Of course, what Chen Wenzhe valued the most was the changes in ornamentation in different periods.

For example, the first period was from 1550 to 1570, and there were no decorations on the edge and belly of Clark porcelain;

The second period is 1560-1580, Clark porcelain has decorated rim and undecorated belly;

These two periods are the initial stages of Clark porcelain, and there are no consecration patterns, but the decorative theme and technical techniques are consistent with the structure and shape of later porcelain.

The third period was from 1575 to 1590, when Clark porcelain was consecrated, and the inner wall was decorated with consecration.

In the fourth period, Clark porcelain has small consecrations with ribbon and bead pendant patterns, which in turn separate the large consecrations.

The fifth period is similar to the fourth period, but in the circular decoration in the center of the plate, many diamond-shaped decorations are introduced, and occasionally some small openings on the edge will be filled.

The sixth period is from 1605 to 1625. Karak porcelain simplified the consecrations at the edges into circular or nearly circular consecrations;

The rhomboid decoration at this time continued, but was more often decorated with symbolic themes of specific animal motifs.

These features are very obvious, and the most obvious should be the last one, which is the seventh development period in the Clark porcelain decoration.