My system is not decent

Tang Kiln is the name of the Jingzhen Imperial Kiln Factory supervised by Tang Ying in the Qing Dynasty and the porcelain it supervised.

In the book "Tang Ying and Tang Kiln" compiled by Zhang Deshan, "Tang Kiln" is divided into several periods.

"Early Tang Kiln" is the sixth year of Yongzheng - the first year of Qianlong.

"Mid Tang Kiln" is the second year of Qianlong - the sixth year of Qianlong.

"Late Tang Kiln" is from the seventh year of Qianlong to the 21st year of Qianlong.

This is consistent with the "Qianlong Chronicle Archives": "In February of the 11th year of Qianlong's reign, safflower nectar bottles were ordered to be fired, and no money was required".

Of course, this was also in the same year "On the first day of May, Tang Ying will burn the same according to the decree: four nectar bottles with red flowers and white ground... keep them all according to the decree, and the nectar bottles will be burned by Tang Ying to make a few more". The records match.

In the 12th year of Qianlong, "on February 29th, Minister Haiwang said: eunuch Zhang Yu delivered an edict: order Tang Ying to make more nectar bottles one after another".

In addition to the nectar vase, the Duomu pot, the Bemba vase, the Bemba pot, the gold glaze, the gold glaze Amitayus, the imitation wood grain glaze bowl, and the imitation withered lacquer bowl are all works of the same period.

These things are obviously high-quality official kilns.

However, these are magic tools, and there are so many varieties, Chen Wenzhe doesn't want to imitate them.

After all, what he is doing now is filigree enamel, and at this level, Chen Wenzhe is not limited to making enamelware from the Qing Dynasty.

He thought that since he made it, he would even imitate some fine works from the Ming Dynasty.

Copper tire filigree enamel is still too troublesome to make.

After doing it this time, he will definitely not touch this kind of thing for a long time.

After all, its production not only uses bronze technology, but also uses porcelain technology, and at the same time introduces a large number of traditional painting and carving skills.

It can be said that it is a master of traditional Chinese crafts. Such works have been very rare since ancient times.

Cloisonne enamelware of the Ming Dynasty is most famous for its cloisonné.

And cloisonne has flourished in the royal family for three to four hundred years. It is an exclusive royal craft for the emperors of the two dynasties, and is known as the "Oriental Wonderful Flower".

The production of cloisonné can be roughly divided into six processes: tire making, filigree, spotting, burning, polishing, and gold plating. "

If the production process is subdivided, there are more than 100 steps.

It is quite labor-intensive, and it can be said that it reflects the dignity and luxury of the royal family everywhere.

Therefore, there was a saying in ancient times that "one cloisonne, ten boxes of official kiln wares".

Nowadays, the academic circles generally believe that during the Yuan Dynasty, when the Mongolian iron cavalry swept across the Eurasian continent, the filigree enamel technique was introduced to the Central Plains.

Cloisonné enamel is intricately crafted and brilliantly colored, and was deeply loved by the rulers of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.

During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty, the filigree enamel technique reached its peak, leaving behind the name "cloisonné".

"Jingtai" in cloisonne is the year name of Zhu Qiyu, the seventh emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Qiyu, Zongzong of the Ming Dynasty, was definitely a legendary emperor, as famous as Emperor Mingmen.

Don't talk about cloisonne, just talk about blue glaze. During the Jingtai period, there was a great breakthrough.

The blue glaze in the Jingtai period made a breakthrough in the invention of sky blue, cobalt blue, and sapphire blue, and mostly used blue as the background color, which looks elegant, noble, calm and generous.

As a result, although it was not the first creation of Jingtai, this kind of utensil was later collectively called "cloisonné".

"Chunming Meng Yu Lu", written in the late Ming Dynasty, puts the gorgeous Jingtai enamel on a par with Xuande bronze ware, Yongle withered lacquer, and Chenghua Doucai, and believes that they are "exquisite and far ahead of the past".

In the Qing Dynasty, the emperors of the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty were more enthusiastic about enamelware.

Chen Wenzhe made a lot of copper-bodied cloisonné enamel in the Qing Dynasty before, so I won’t mention it here, let’s talk about cloisonne.

Since it is called cloisonne, it is naturally carried out around burning blue.

Since the Yuan Dynasty, it seems that the rulers of all dynasties have been very fond of blue.

For "that blue", countless small life, plant indigo dyeing, blue and white porcelain, and the cloisonne that will be mentioned soon.

The three kinds of blues, cloisonné, burnt blue, and dotted blue, are a bit confusing at first glance, but it is hard to say that they are familiar.

Burning blue and dotting blue, which are often heard, are two steps in the firing of cloisonne, that is, neither is an independent process.

The steps of firing cloisonné are, after all, making tires, pinching wire, sticking wire, welding wire, pointing blue, burning blue, and polishing.

It is very necessary to know these steps, otherwise how can we understand the priceless value of cloisonne?

Because it is really cumbersome!Every step of Cloisonne is quite difficult and solid!

This kind of craft, simply put, is tire making first.

The carcass is hammered thousands of times to achieve the desired effect.

Then there are wire filigree, wire sticking, and welding wire, that is, the pinched thin wire is glued and welded on the tire wall to form patterns and patterns.

After that, it is to dot indigo and burn indigo, that is to say, apply glaze to the filigree, and then put it into the kiln for firing.

The last is polishing. After the completion, the surface of the glaze and copper wire is polished until it is smooth and polished.

Pointing blue and burning blue are steps that are carried out alternately.

Once the blue is lit, it needs to be fired once. After firing, the glaze is concave, and then the blue is fired again.

It needs to be repeated three or four times until the glaze and the silk are fired to the same height before it is considered a success.

Pointing blue and burning blue are also the two most famous steps.

Not only do these two words sound beautiful, but they are also the most important step in making utensils beautiful.

Dianlan is brilliant because this link is interesting, elegant, and can have a touching experience with high participation.

To put it simply, pointing blue is coloring.

Chen Wenzhe first saw this kind of craftsmanship on TV.

The "Emperor" in costume dramas and Zhang Guoli, who is also the host of several large-scale traditional Chinese culture, has experienced a little bit of blue.

In Shendu Satellite TV's "Extraordinary Ingenuity", Zhang Guoli personally experienced the extremely meticulous and complicated craftsmanship of cloisonne.

Experience is experience, it is still difficult to really do this job.

He said with emotion, "When ordering blue, one is so small that the filigree gap is so small, and each color is different; I have to do gradients, and sometimes the colors will be strung together with a little hand shaking, and I will feel dizzy after a day."

Doing gradients is to make the whole pattern more realistic and natural, otherwise it will be "stunned".

A good cloisonne work must have high production requirements.

From deep to light glaze, fired step by step.

At this time, you will find that pointing blue is not just blue, but also other colors.

So, burning blue is not only blue?

In fact, there are many glaze colors used for spotting blue, and the common ones are blue, green, red, yellow, white and so on.

As mentioned earlier, cloisonne is also known as copper tire filigree enamel.

This is its general name, and there are also cloisonné works made of gold and silver bodies, that is, gold-bodied cloisonné enamel and silver-bodied cloisonné enamel.

The latter two are more expensive and less common.

Burning blue gets its name because silver is used as the body, and blue is used as glaze when spotting blue, and the handicraft is fired. The blue glaze is the most beautiful match with silver.

So burning blue, also known as silver burning blue.

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