My system is not decent

How precious is the enamel color that the first-class "Nian Gengyao" is greedy for?

In 1722 AD, Qing Shizong Aixinjueluo Yinzhen took the throne, and his reign name was Yongzheng.

However, Emperor Yongzheng was sitting on pins and needles at the beginning of his accession to the throne.

Because he has been pursuing the strategy of keeping a low profile before, he has not formed a clique, and he does not have many cronies in the court.

Moreover, there are not a few people who suspect that his throne was not justly obtained.

In order to secure the throne, Yongzheng urgently needs to win over the high officials in the court and establish his own prestige.

So he turned his attention to his brother-in-law, Nian Gengyao, who was the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi at the time and was leading an army to guard the northwest.

And Nian Gengyao did live up to expectations. After taking over the General Seal, he quickly put down the rebellion in Qing Province.

Yongzheng was ecstatic when he received the good news, and thought: Now the dragon chair can finally sit firmly!

Therefore, with his extreme personality and extremely strong emotional changes, he even replied in Nian Gengyao's memorial: "Your efforts are to complete the unfinished business of my lord and father."In terms of reason, they are all my heroes; in terms of sentiment, everyone from you down to the generals, who serve their lives wholeheartedly, are all my benefactors!

As an emperor, he actually calls his subjects "benefactors", this is no one!

In fact, this also planted disasters for Nian Gengyao!

At the beginning, Yongzheng naturally did not treat this "benefactor" badly. He not only promoted Nian Gengyao to rank, but also rewarded countless rare artifacts.

In February of the second year of Yongzheng, Nian Gengyao wrote in his memorial: "Chen Fu saw that the enamel plume was exquisitely made and the color was beautiful, and I was so envious. I just copied it and thanked God. I am more holy. If there are new enamel objects, Give one or two rewards to satisfy the greed of the ministers, and the ministers will not be panicked."

It turned out that Nian Gengyao had received the enamel plume as a gift from Yongzheng. He felt that it was exquisitely made and the color was beautiful.

Just give a discount to thank God, and then ask for more francs for rewards.

So there is: more reclamation of holiness, if there are new enamel objects, one or two rewards will be rewarded to satisfy the greed of the ministers, and the ministers will have no fear.

Lingguan couldn't put it down, and wanted more.

Facing Nian Gengyao's "bold" request, how did Yongzheng respond in Zhu's criticism?

"Enamels have not had time to be refined, and they will be quite impressive in the future. I will give you a few of them today. But if you don't use this greedy word, you won't give me one, and you will get all of these pieces with the power of this word!"

It seemed that Nian Gengyao had a good grasp of Yongzheng's temper.

It was precisely because of the word "greedy" that the emperor was so happy.

And the fourth master, the legendary domineering president, did not break his promise.

Later, "a box of various enamel utensils", "five pairs of enamel porcelain", "two boxes of enamel tea cups" and so on were rewarded.

Many friends may have doubts: Nian Gengyao, as a favorite minister, has many things to ask for rewards, why must he be "greedy" for enamel?

This is because enamel was only used by the royal court and a few nobles at that time, and it can be said to be an extremely precious and rare thing.

Even Nian Gengyao, who has already been granted the title of First Class Duke, General Fuyuan, and extremely human minister at this time, is also a special treatment to be rewarded.

This is also something that can't be helped. Even the emperor who is rich in the world sometimes doesn't get what he wants.

For example, enamel glazes, as mentioned before, are imported materials brought in by Western missionaries, so they are naturally very scarce.

In the early years of Yongzheng, the manufacturing office burned two of the five wine glasses, and Prince Yi also reprimanded "the other three should be carefully burned."

It was not until the sixth year of Yongzheng that domestic enamel materials were finally successfully developed.

It was also at that time that nineteen kinds of glazes including white, yellow, black, bright cyan, autumn fragrance, lotus root, deep grape and bronze were tested.

In particular, there are many colors in it, which are not found in imported color materials.

Although Chen Wenzhe can sell enamel color materials at hand, what he buys are raw materials.

If you want to use it, you need to refine it.

And it is not easy to mix as many as [-] kinds of Yongzheng enamel materials.

Enamel is also known as "Fulang", "Folang" and "Falan", with similar pronunciations, and they are all names for a vitrified substance processed artificially.

It uses natural feldspar, quartz and other minerals as the main raw materials.

Then add soda ash, borax and other compounds as flux.

Then add titanium oxide, antimony oxide, fluoride, etc. as opacifying agent.

Finally, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide and other metal oxides are added as colorants.

After crushing, mixing, calcining and melting, it is poured into water and quenched to obtain enamel frit, and then crushed and finely ground to obtain enamel powder.

After the enamel powder is mixed, it is applied on gold, silver, copper and other metal objects, and after firing, it becomes metal body enamel.

If glass is used as the tire, it is called glass tire enamel;

Those who use porcelain as the body are called porcelain body enamel.

This is just enamel material. To make a piece of enamel colored porcelain, even if it is just a small bowl, there is no one procedure that should be saved.

For example, to make a small bowl, first you need to refine the fetal mud, then pull the embryo, cool the embryo, sharpen the embryo, and then apply the color!

The whole process, first of all, put the yellow mud on the so-called sharp car, and then sit on the car, use special tools to make the surface of the utensils smooth.

It needs to be coherent and consistent in shape, so that the mud will show a bright white color.

This is an extremely important process in ceramic molding, which ultimately determines the shape of the utensil.

Jingzhen Porcelain is exquisitely manufactured and needs to be trimmed internally and externally.

The billet not only needs to be familiar with the properties of the mud, but also the straight and curved changes of the shape of the utensils, the mud retention and shrinkage of each part during firing, all need to be clear and grasped.

For example, to make enamel and colored porcelain embryos, one must first learn to grind the types, and be familiar with more than a dozen various iron blank tools.

After completing the above process, it is the first time to enter the kiln, and the temperature is [-] degrees.

After leaving the kiln, continue to make. At this time, you need to draw the line and use the color you need.

The second is to divide the water, draw the outline color, and use the main color to divide the water.

After completing these two steps, the second kiln firing is carried out, and the temperature needs to reach 380 [-] degrees.

Fix the pigment that has been fired once, and then draw the line with raw material.

It is fired in the kiln for the third time at a temperature of 860 degrees.

After the third firing, there is another process called color picking!

Color picking is actually separate dyeing. Use a material brush to dip in bright black, and a clean Baiyun brush to dip a small amount of camphor oil. After the material brush is colored within the range of the desired coloring pattern, it is then washed and dyed with Baiyun brush pigments to form a color that varies from thick to dark. to light gradient effect.

This is the simplest color picking. There are many colors used for color picking on enamel, but it is also painting on white tires.

After the color is picked, it enters the fourth porcelain and is fired in a kiln at 820 degrees.

The last step is gold mining, followed by the fifth time entering the kiln, the temperature is [-] degrees!

This time the firing is completed and there is no flaw in the kiln before it can be regarded as a completed work!

Enamel color, hand-made process, complicated production.

There was an error while drawing, and it will be remade!

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