My system is not decent

The cultural relics hidden in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple are all related to the buried relics.

This is a sacrificial ritual, and in the end these precious porcelains, or the porcelains that people thought were the best at that time, were enshrined to the gods.

The alms items under the image of these religious beliefs are often the most precious items produced at the highest level of craftsmanship at that time.

As far as Ding porcelain is concerned, the vast majority of those in the two underground palaces of Jingzhi Temple in Dingzhou are rare art treasures.

And how did the word "treasures of art" come about?

Can it only be blessed by famous kilns and tributes?

Definitely not, it mainly depends on the craftsmanship.

Just look at a white-glazed "Meng" inscribed lotus-patterned bowl from the Northern Song Dynasty unearthed in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple. Its craftsmanship can explain the problem very well.

Northern Song Dynasty white-glazed "Meng" character bowl with lotus pattern, 7.4 cm high, 21.7 cm in diameter, 9 cm in foot diameter.

The straight mouth of the bowl is slightly introverted, the slanted abdomen is retracted, and the ring feet are turned outward.

The outer wall is engraved with three layers of upside-down lotus patterns, and the engraving knife is skillful.

The word "Meng" engraved on the outer bottom should be the offerings made by the benefactor of the surname Meng and put into the base palace of the pagoda after burning.

The reason why this porcelain bowl is called is because its craftsmanship uses engraving and printing techniques.

In addition, its white glaze is not a simple white glaze, it can also be called powder glaze, and this porcelain can also be said to be powder set.

As I said before, printing is to engrave the pattern on the pottery first, and then press the mud on the pottery to form it, so that the pattern is printed on the inside of the utensils. It is an advanced process that integrates decoration and molding. craft.

Xu Zhiheng's "Yinliuzhai Talking about Porcelain" says: "The beauty of Song porcelain is nothing like powder setting. Those who carve flowers in powder setting are extremely beautiful after poor research, almost like supernatural craftsmanship."

The so-called Fending refers to the excellent white porcelain of Ding kiln whose body is white like powder and whose glaze is white glass.

And poor research is more beautiful than uncanny workmanship, which refers to the engraving and printing techniques of Dingci.

The five famous kilns of Chai, Ru, Guan, Ge, and Ding in the Song Dynasty were mostly famous for their colored glazed porcelain.

Only the Ding kiln is made of white glazed porcelain. Without these exquisite decorative techniques such as engraving, drawing, and printing, it would be difficult for the Ding kiln to stand shoulder to shoulder with other famous kilns.

This is why many Ding kiln wares are art treasures.

Now that Chen Wenzhe has imitated the bowls and plates, naturally the bottle cannot be let go.

Because among the collections in the underground palace of Jingzhi Temple, there are quite a few bottles.

There are also many high-quality goods, such as the white-glazed lotus-patterned golden long-necked bottle collected in the Underground Palace of Jingzhongyuan.

It is 19.3 cm high, 6 cm in diameter and 8.9 cm in foot diameter.

Extensive mouth, long straight neck, round belly, big circle feet.

The neck is decorated with string patterns, and the shoulders are decorated with chrysanthemum patterns;

The abdomen is engraved with three layers of upside-down lotus patterns, and the flower pattern is slender and full of three-dimensional effect.

The mouth of the bottle is equipped with a gilt silver cover with a leaf-covering pattern and a gilt silver plate inlaid with a ring foot, which is the so-called "gold binding device".

The decoration of the early Ding porcelain is mainly based on plastic paste and swirling patterns on the body.

After entering the Song Dynasty, engraving, molded printing and other techniques were developed.

Engraving is to engrave various patterns on the inside and outside of utensils such as plates, bowls, bottles, cans, etc., so that they have the artistic effect of bas-relief.

The subject matter is mainly the lotus pattern, and there are many kinds of single-layer, double-layer, three-layer and deformed lotus patterns.

Unearthed from the Underground Palace of Jingzhongyuan, the Northern Song Dynasty white-glazed long-necked vase with Hualian patterns carved in the Ding kiln has a diameter of 4.4 cm, a belly diameter of 12.2 cm, a foot diameter of 8.4 cm, and a height of 18 cm.

It has a bell mouth and a slender neck. The neck is decorated with six-petal upturned lotus patterns, and the flower dome is marked with veins.

The shoulders are broad, with lotus patterns engraved on it, and the tendons and leaf veins are obvious.

The abdomen is flat and round, decorated with two concave string patterns at the junction of the shoulders and abdomen, and the abdomen is engraved with heavy upside-down lotus patterns, flat bottom, and wide circle feet.

The whole body of this bottle is beautiful and generous, and the solid white glaze and exquisite carving decoration make this bottle a rare Ding porcelain boutique.

In addition, there are the most clean bottles, such as Longshou clean bottles.

The Ding porcelain unearthed from the two underground palaces of Jingzhi Temple and Jingzhongyuan in Dingzhou contains many magnificent and extraordinary utensils.

For example, there are many white-glazed clean bottles, among which the large clean bottle with dragon head and lotus pattern unearthed in Jingzhongyuan is 60.9 cm high, which is the largest piece of Ding porcelain discovered so far.

This bottle has a slender neck, a bulging belly, lying feet, and a short dragon head.

The upper part of the bottle neck is engraved with the lotus pattern, the middle part is the lotus pattern, and the lower part is the bamboo pattern.

There are three layers of lotus patterns engraved on the shoulders, a circle of twining flowers underneath, and four layers of upside-down lotuses are engraved on the lower abdomen.

Shoulder-shaped dragon heads are first-class, with high-raised dragon heads, protruding foreheads, and open mouths showing teeth.

The mandible is decorated with a lock of dragon whiskers, the shape is slender and elegant, and the decoration is fine and smooth. It can be said to be a representative work of thousands of years of porcelain.

And although there are not many such masterpieces unearthed in Jingzhi Temple, there are also many.

So how many clean bottles were unearthed in the underground palaces of the two stupas in the Jingzhongyuan of Jingzhi Temple, and what are the clean bottles?

What is the use of this bottle?Why did it appear in the pagoda underground palace?

In fact, it is very simple. The clean bottle is the utensil for monks to drink water.

Liang Tao Hongjing's "Ten Letters to Lu Jingyou" said: "The stone bath jar with a towel as a pair, you can go to the temple to worship, and go in and out to wash."

The so-called bath jar here refers to the clean bottle.

This kind of utensil has a thin neck and a thick belly, and the thick belly has a large capacity to hold water, and the thin neck prevents floating dust, insects and mosquitoes from entering and protects the net.

The origin of Jingping may be traced back to the era when Buddhism was first introduced.

Tang Falin's "Dialectical Theory" contains: "The monks wait for the law to say that if you take a bath in accordance with the law, swallow the thin belly and protect the body, you will be easy to grow good and long. The most important thing is that it is lamented by the Buddha."

The use of clean bottles as drinking utensils is mainly for good health and Taoism.

Tang Yijing's "Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan" records: "There are two bottles for cleaning and touching water. The clean ones use tiles and porcelain, and the touch ones use copper and iron. The cleansing is intended to be drunk at irregular times. Touching is necessary for convenience.

If it is pure, it must be held in clean hands, and it must be placed in a clean place. When touched, it can be grasped with the hand, and it can be disposed of when touched.The water contained in the Weisi clean bottle and the new clean vessel is suitable for drinking at different times.The one with the remaining vessels is called Shishui.

Drinking in front of the middle is innocent.If you drink it in the afternoon, you will have it. "

Here it is said that the bottle is divided into clean and touched.

According to the precept of not eating in the afternoon in Buddhism, the afternoon is the wrong time, the water from the clean bottle can be drunk after noon, and the water from the bottle can only be drunk before noon.

In addition, Yijing wrote "The Essential Ways of Using Sanshui" and said: "The clean bottle must be a tile, not a copper bath jar. Because there is copper and green in the bottle, it is not clean and cannot be wiped with ashes... However, in the land of five days, five generals The copper bottle is a clean bottle, one is the dirt and touches it, and the other is the copper smell that hurts people."

If the clean bottle is made of copper and iron materials, scale and rust will easily form inside the bottle.

And this kind of utensil with a long and thin neck cannot be wiped from the inside.

Therefore, the clean bottles used by monks at that time were mainly made of porcelain.

The unearthed objects in Jingzhi Temple also prove this point, except that the Jingzhi Temple and the Jingzhongyuan two underground palaces are all made of Ding Kiln white porcelain, and only one is a copper Jingying bottle.

There are many types of clean bottles, mainly divided into double mouth and single mouth.

Its shape is a tapered long neck with the thin mouth facing upwards.

There is a pointed flat wheel-shaped platform in the middle of the neck and drum shoulders.

The abdomen is in the shape of a round drum or the drum shoulders go straight down to the bottom, and there is another big mouth next to the shoulders, which is in the shape of a bottle mouth, with the upper part larger than the lower part.

Some are directly covered with a hinge buckle, and some are without a cover without a hinge buckle.