My system is not decent

Among the two fragments unearthed in Jianci Village, one piece of green-glazed porcelain is engraved with cloud and dragon patterns, which is the same as that of white porcelain, so it is determined to be a product of Ding Kiln.

Strangely, there is no documented record of green-glazed Ding kiln porcelain.

There must be some secrets in it, so extra attention should be paid to imitation.

Also, if you want to make antique porcelain, you must have a detailed understanding of the word "official".

When it comes to the inscriptions of Ding kiln porcelain, we have to mention Qianlong who liked porcelain and inscriptions.

For example, there is a Ding kiln white-glazed dish with chrysanthemum and phoenix patterns. It uses the over-firing method, and the blank space at the bottom is the most different from other porcelains.

This Ding kiln white glaze plate with chrysanthemum and phoenix pattern is 4.3 cm high, 19.2 cm in diameter and 12.7 cm in foot diameter.

The plate is open, with a flat bottom, arc walls, ring feet, and copper mouths along the exposed tires and unglazed parts.

White glaze is applied to the whole body, the glaze color is white and grayish, and the outer wall can clearly see the swirling marks left by drawing the blank, as well as the "tear marks"-shaped vertical glaze left when dipping the glaze.

The inner mouth of the vessel is molded with back patterns for a week, the inner wall is molded with lotus patterns, and the center of the plate is molded with double phoenix chrysanthemum patterns.

But its current outsole is engraved with a poem inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty.

The poem said: The ancient fragrance and the ancient color are elegant and pleasant, and the pottery named in Song Dynasty is precious.The quality of Yunpearl can be used as a guide, and the patterns of carved flowers and birds are vivid.Qinglai holds the bright moon in his palm, and inscriptions prove the old cause in the poem.There are tens of thousands of red cherry blossoms, and the amber is full of brilliance.

Later signed "Meng Chunyu Title".Sealed with "Bide" and "Langrun" seals.

This is a problematic or somewhat controversial Ding kiln inscription, and there are still many such porcelains in Ding kiln.

For example, a piece of official kiln porcelain is often seen on the market, with a big "official" on it.

This is reasonable for some people who have just entered the industry. The word "guan" means official kiln.

In fact, there are as many as 15 types of inscriptions in Ding kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, but the most common inscription is the word "official".

In 1985 alone, there were 33 pieces of porcelain with the inscription "Official" unearthed from Huoshaobi in the northern suburbs of Chang'an.

In 1969, in Beihe Dingxian County, two pagoda bases were also unearthed with "official" signature porcelain, and the number reached 17 pieces.

The Forbidden City Playhouse and the Wanwan Palace Museum both have collections of Ding kiln porcelain with the inscription "Official".

After a large number of "official" inscriptions were unearthed in Ding County, Beihe, the academic circles basically unified their views, that is, most of the white porcelains with "official" inscriptions were Ding kiln products.

Therefore, those on the Internet or on the market, all the porcelains in the style of official kilns but with the inscription of "official" are all forged in the later period.

Porcelain from the official kiln was fired in the Ding kiln, how could it be possible?

Therefore, the porcelain with the official style must have the style of the Ding kiln, and it cannot be the style of the official kiln.

Porcelain with official characters is very special. It is a unique official (official porcelain, not official kiln) kiln from the Song to Qing Dynasties.

The antique world usually interprets this kind of porcelain as the special funerary utensils given to officials by ancient emperors after their death.

In the very early period of ancient times, such as Yue Kiln, Yaozhou Kiln and Ding Kiln, porcelain with official characters was fired, and most of them were Ding Kiln.

Its era includes the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty.

Most of the Ding kiln official characters are plain and without decoration, and techniques such as flower mouth, ribbing, and edge pressing are mostly used, and some are inlaid with gold and silver buckles on the mouth and feet.

However, there are also some lotus petals carved on the outside, flowers and animals carved on the inside, and both inside and outside.

Porcelain inscriptions of the Liao Dynasty, the utensils with the word "official" include cockscomb pots, pots with belts, plate-mouth bottles, and triangular dishes.

The official character on the porcelain is not synonymous with "official kiln", but refers to the designated firing unit.

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were two institutions related to the word "official", one was the "Taiguan Order" and the other was the "Zhenguan Office".

The former is in charge of the emperor's food and drink, while the latter is not only responsible for the supply of porcelain for the palace, but also responsible for the funeral utensils given by the emperor to the ministers.

Archaeological data show that, in addition to the kiln site and cellars of the Ding Kiln, there are also funerary objects of the Ding Kiln in the tombs of some important royal officials in the Tang, Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Liao Dynasties.

For example, the tomb of Qian Kuan and his wife Shuiqiu in the late Tang Dynasty in Lin'an, the tomb of Zhao Dejun in the capital of Liao Dynasty, and the tomb of King Liao Mawei in Chifeng County, etc., have all unearthed porcelain with official characters.

This kind of utensils are ordered by the "Zhenguan Office" to be used for the funeral porcelain given by the emperor to the deceased minister.

Of course, the porcelain with official characters set to be fired by the "Zhenguan Office" can also be used for other purposes.

Controversy arose here, because in the early days of the discovery of official-style Ding kiln wares, most of them were found in ancient tombs, so it has always been believed by the collectors that this is a special Ming ware bestowed by the emperor for ministers for funerals.

Ming ware is not very popular in China, just like the early Tang Sancai.

However, there is still a difference between the two. Tang Sancai is indeed a bright weapon and should not be used for other purposes.

However, the porcelain with official characters produced by Ding Kiln is different. It is an imperial bestowal, but it is not necessarily a professional imperial bestowal to be buried with it.

This is reflected in some official kiln wares handed down from generation to generation.

Because some porcelains with official characters that have been handed down to the present have deep old traces of friction due to being placed and moved over the years.

Like some blue and white bottles with official characters in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, there are clear traces of friction on the body.

This clearly tells us a different answer: it is a handed down furnishing device placed on the hall.

There is no doubt that the ancient emperors would give officials some things for some reason.

But it is not a problem to give officials special funeral objects.

It would certainly not make sense for the emperor to give officials things to be buried with them when they died while they were alive.

If it is said that the funeral objects of officials have never been seen and used during their lifetime, and after death they become the key and important imperial gifts representing their status, this is not reasonable.

If the emperor bestows special funerary objects, and it occurs after the official has passed away, rather than when he is alive, such objects must be specially made in advance by the royal family, and specially stored for official business routines.

If the items are taken at any time, they must all be unused exquisite new utensils, which were unearthed after being buried for thousands of years.

Such as the environment of the tomb, if there is no accident, everything must be like new.

In this way, there is no reason for the deep old marks left by the long-term friction with the eucalyptus platform on the soles of the feet.

This is clearly inconsistent with the factual situation. It can be seen that the statement that the official porcelain is a special burial vessel bestowed by the emperor is fundamentally problematic, and it is a deceptive and fabricated word.

Therefore, a correct understanding of this kind of official-character emperor-given special utensils should be a gift from the emperor to officials during their lifetime, and a symbol of official performance and glory.

This is a special display device given to officials during their lifetime, not a special funerary device given to officials after their death.

Because it is a gift from the emperor and a symbol of the achievements and glory of officials during their lifetime, when officials are about to pass away, they will often ask their descendants to place this kind of gift from the emperor, which specially represents the honor of their birth, in their place. In the tomb after death, it becomes a funerary object.

This is of the same burial nature as other items in the tomb that can represent the dignity of his birth.