My system is not decent

This batch of porcelain tributed to Qianlong by the imperial kiln factory is all works of red ground, foreign colors, and clusters of flowers.

According to some modern people's sayings, isn't this too vulgar?

However, judging from the tribute form, we can get a glimpse of the court's favor for foreign-colored porcelain at that time.

The emperor likes it, so do the ministers like it?

It's like Empress Dowager Cixi likes tourmaline and jadeite, so there will be a trend, and all Chinese people will start to like it, and it is still the same until now.

There is nothing you can do if you refuse to accept this kind of thing.

Who made them the prosperous Qianlong?He combined all kinds of glazes and colors in one body, which is still original.

To do such a "hypocritical" thing must be after having enough food and clothing.

The firing of official kiln porcelain was resumed in the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, carried forward in the Yongzheng Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Qianlong Dynasty.

There must be a flag flying on the summit, and the "Porcelain Mother" is the flying flag.

Therefore, Yangcai can also be regarded as a banner of the Qing Dynasty.

If you want to make porcelain from the third dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, you must know how to make foreign colors, and you must also learn to be good, otherwise it will be worthless garbage.

Foreign color is not simple, this kind of craft is not something that anyone can learn if they want to master it.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, this craft reached its peak.

According to the "Taocheng Chronicle" written by Tang Ying, the pottery supervisor in the 13th year of Yongzheng, "Foreign-colored vessels, the new imitation of Western enamel painting methods, figures, landscapes, flowers, and feathers are all exquisite and fascinating."

It can be seen that the foreign color of the porcelain body had already been fired during the Yongzheng period.

Judging from the Qing Archives of Complete Works by the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Qing Palace, most of the foreign-colored porcelain with a porcelain body was produced after the sixth year of Qianlong. Finish.

And this kind of foreign color porcelain was deeply loved by Emperor Qianlong.

Now we look at the introduction of some antiques, it seems that many porcelains from the third dynasties of the Qing Dynasty have the words foreign color on them.

In fact, the firing volume of foreign color porcelain is very rare.

And as long as there are foreign-colored porcelains, they are all works that are named, seated, boxed, and graded under the personal guidance of Emperor Qianlong.

Most of these works are collected in Duanning Hall and Yangxin Hall of Qianqing Palace.

Except for a few that were displayed in the Old Summer Palace and were later plundered by invaders, there were very few that were basically lost outside.

It is now known in China that Lu Gongzhiqiang, the successor of the noble descendants of Japanese collectors, has two treasures in his collection.

This is well documented, and there is no other confirmation, so it can be said that it is rare to see in the market.

Why so few?Mainly because this thing originally came from the court.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Central Manufacturing Office of the Qing Palace set up "Enamel Works" to specialize in the firing of enamel wares.

There are two types of enamel colored porcelain in the Qing palace, one is painted enamel with magnetic body (enamel color), and the other is foreign color with magnetic body, both of which are official kiln porcelain completed in the "enamel work".

The process is to first fire the tires in Jingzhen Imperial Kiln, or in Yixing and other places.

Those with excellent quality are selected and transported to the palace, and then painted with enamel on the "enamel work", and then fired again in the furnace.

This kind of porcelain that needs to be manufactured in two places is an unprecedented pioneering work in the history of ceramics.

The so-called "foreign color" refers to enamel colored porcelain imitating Western painting techniques.

But in the application and development of foreign colors, Tang Ying still has to be mentioned.

During the Qianlong period, Tang Ying, the pottery supervisor, went to Jiangxi Province in person every spring and autumn to supervise the manufacture of imperial porcelain.

In order to win the king's heart, Tang Ying constantly innovated, researched new techniques, and racked his brains to design new styles.

It was at that time that he fired a batch of hollowed out spinners known as "uncanny workmanship";

He also created the icing on the cake carving technique, which brought the luxury and brilliance of foreign colors to the extreme.

"Yangcai" is the term used innovatively by Tang Ying.

After Tang Ying, Jingzhen official kilns could no longer produce exquisite and peerless works like those in the early Qianlong period.

So how exquisite is this batch of porcelain?Take a pair of simple-shaped "magnetized foreign color red ground tuanhua landscape soup bowls" as an example.

On the outer walls of this pair of bowls, there are four circular openings, which are painted with ink and color and landscape figures of the four seasons respectively.

Is this description too simplistic?Then contrast it.

Because Qianlong loved this kind of utensils, he listed them as "the first class in Qianqing Palace".

And listed as "the first class in the Qianqing palace", there is also a "magnetic tire foreign color Ruizhi foreign flower cicada pattern" in the shape of imitation bronze ware.

It is important to explain that there are at least fifteen kinds of glazes used in this vessel.

In addition, it is also supervised by Tang Ying, the pottery supervisor.

At that time, only two pieces were made, which were important art collections of the court.

Here, we can also talk about the porcelain mother auctioned anyway. Why do many people think it is genuine?

That's the problem. At that time, Tang Ying must have fired a pair, at least a pair!

Coupled with the fact that the craftsmanship and characteristics are correct, and the inheritance is orderly, it will naturally be considered authentic.

Or back to foreign-colored porcelain, unlike other types of porcelain, the court basically does not use foreign-colored porcelain as rewards.

The Palace Museum was established in [-], and the Qing Dynasty Rehabilitation Committee entered the palace to check the cultural relics without any loss.

The most fortunate thing is that most of these magnetic tire foreign colors are well preserved, and are currently separated into the Forbidden City on both sides of the strait.

The Wanwan Palace Museum has the largest collection of Qianlong Dynasty enamel-colored porcelain, as many as more than [-] pieces.

There are definitely not many porcelains like this kind of porcelain made by the Jingzhen and half by the palace.

There must be less lost among the people, so the value of some porcelain that uses some foreign color techniques will increase.

So how is this porcelain made?

This kind of craftsmanship should be learned when you encounter it. This is Chen Wenzhe's good habit.

In fact, there are only a few kinds of techniques for this new color pattern, mainly including coloring, painting, hooking and patting.

"Color" is to color the volume, light and shade, depth, and shade of the pattern pattern with colored pens.

"Painting" is mainly to flatten the color block of the pattern, and "hook" is mainly to hook the line.

"Pat" the whole piece of light background color, use a brush dipped in old oil to spread the color evenly, and pat lightly with silk cotton to make the color uniform and delicate after patting.

In terms of ceramic decoration, due to the characteristics of porcelain and porcelain, and the need for a large number of reproductions, the design draft is often carried out directly on porcelain.

Because it is easier to combine the device type, to consider the relationship between the picture and people's sight, as well as artistic requirements such as balance, completeness, and rhythm in the composition.

At the same time, one pattern can be reproduced on the same type of device, and the specifications are unified, which is convenient for mass production.

Therefore, before painting porcelain, it is necessary to go through several processes of drawing, raising, making and taking pictures, and then the colors on the porcelain can be consistent.

To draw a picture is to use light black water to sketch out the conceptual pattern, just like drawing a draft on paper with a pencil.

After the drawing is conceived, use thick ink to draw on the light ink that has been drawn once.

Upgrading is to remove the rough and extract the essence, delete the unnecessary lines, refine the shape of the whole picture again, and finally achieve the goal of finalizing.