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Chapter 061 Working Principle

In 1842, Florida physician John Gory completed a new building with central air conditioning.

Alfred Wolff, an engineer in Hoboken, New Jersey, helped design the new air-conditioning system and moved the technology from textile factories to commercial buildings. He is considered one of the pioneers in cooling the work environment.

In late 1902, the first modern, electrically powered air conditioning system was invented by Willis Carrier.

The difference between its design and Wolff's design is that it not only controls the temperature, but also controls the humidity of the air to improve the quality of the production process at a printing factory in Bucklin, New York.

This technology provides a low heat and humidity environment, allowing for more accurate paper area and ink arrangement.

Later, Carrier's technology began to be used in the workplace to improve production efficiency, and the Carrier Engineering Company was established in 1915 to cope with the surge in demand.

With gradual development, air conditioning began to be used to improve comfort in homes and cars.

Sales of residential air conditioning systems didn't really take off until the 1950s.

Built in 1906, the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland, is of special significance in architectural engineering and is known as the world's first air-conditioned building.

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, was looking for ways to increase the air humidity in his southern textile mills. Cramer named the technology air conditioning and patented it that same year as a replacement for water conditioning.

Water conditioning was a well-known procedure at the time, making textile production easier.

He combined water vapor with ventilation systems to "condition" and transform the air in the factory, controlling air humidity, which is all-important in textile factories.

Willis Carrier used the name and incorporated it into the name of the company he founded in 1907: the Gallia Air Conditioning Company of America.

In 1915, Carrier founded a company that became one of the largest air conditioning companies in the world.

But in the 20 years since the invention of air conditioning, it has been machines, not people, that have been enjoyed.

It wasn't until 1924 that a mall in Detroit, where many people fainted due to the hot weather, first installed three central air conditioners. This was a great success. The cool environment greatly increased people's desire to spend. Since then, air conditioning has It has become a powerful tool for businesses to attract customers. The era of air conditioners serving people has officially arrived.

Air conditioners are divided into single-cooling air conditioners and dual-purpose air conditioners. The working principles are the same. In the past, most of the refrigerants used in air conditioners were Freon.

The characteristic of Freon is that when it changes from gaseous state to liquid state, it releases a lot of heat.

When it changes from liquid to gas, it absorbs a lot of heat. Air conditioners are designed based on this principle.

The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then sends it to the condenser to dissipate heat and become liquid refrigerant at normal temperature and high pressure, so the outdoor unit blows hot air.

Then it goes to the capillary tube and enters the evaporator. Since the space of the refrigerant from the capillary tube to the evaporator suddenly increases and the pressure decreases, the liquid refrigerant will vaporize and turn into a gaseous low-temperature refrigerant, thus absorbing a large amount of heat. The evaporator It will become cold. The fan of the indoor unit blows the indoor air through the evaporator, so the cold air blows out of the indoor unit.

When the water vapor in the air encounters the cold evaporator, it condenses into water droplets and flows out along the water pipe. This is why the air conditioner produces water.

During heating, there is a component called a four-way valve, which causes the refrigerant to flow in the condenser and evaporator in the opposite direction to that during cooling. Therefore, during heating, cold air blows from the outside and hot air blows from the indoor unit.

In fact, it is based on the principle of discharging heat during liquefaction and absorbing heat during vaporization that we learned in junior high school physics.

Central air conditioning refrigeration principle:

Liquid evaporation refrigeration uses the heat absorption when the liquid vaporizes and the heat release effect when it condenses to achieve refrigeration. The liquid vaporizes to form steam.

When a liquid is in a closed container, there is no other gas in the container except the liquid and the steam generated by the liquid itself. The liquid and steam will reach equilibrium under a certain pressure. The gas at this time is called saturated steam. , the pressure is called saturation pressure, and the temperature is called saturation temperature.

At equilibrium, the liquid no longer vaporizes. At this time, if part of the vapor is removed from the container, the liquid must continue to vaporize and generate part of the vapor to maintain this balance.

When a liquid vaporizes, it absorbs heat, which is called latent heat of vaporization.

The latent heat of vaporization comes from the object being cooled, causing it to become colder.

In order for this process to continue, the steam must be continuously removed from the container and condensed into a liquid before returning to the container.

If the steam extracted from the container is directly condensed into a liquid, the temperature of the cooling medium required is lower than the evaporation temperature of the liquid. We hope that the condensation of steam occurs at normal temperature, so the pressure of the steam needs to be increased to normal temperature. saturation pressure.

The refrigerant will evaporate at low temperature and low pressure, producing a cold effect; and condense at normal temperature and high pressure, releasing heat to the surrounding environment or cooling medium.

Steam condenses at normal temperature and high pressure and becomes a high-pressure liquid. Its pressure also needs to be reduced to the evaporation pressure before it can enter the container.

The liquid vaporization refrigeration cycle is composed of four processes: vaporization of working fluid, steam pressure increase, high-pressure steam condensation, and high-pressure liquid depressurization.

Central air conditioning heating principle:

The compressor inhales low-pressure gas and compresses it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature gas increases the water temperature through the heat exchanger, and at the same time, the high-temperature gas condenses into liquid.

The liquid enters the evaporator to evaporate. After passing through the evaporator, the liquid turns into low-pressure, low-temperature gas. The low-temperature gas is again sucked into the compressor for compression.

If the cycle continues like this, the circulating water on the air conditioner side will become hot water at about 45-55 degrees.

Hot water is sent to the room that needs heating through pipes, and a fan coil is installed in the room to exchange heat between the hot water and the air for heating purposes.

How the water system works:

Water-cooled central air conditioning consists of four major components: compressor, condenser, throttling device, and evaporator. The refrigerant circulates through the above four major components in turn. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas from the compressor flows through the condenser to cool down and reduce pressure.

The condenser brings the heat to the cooling tower through the cooling water system and discharges it. The refrigerant continues to flow through the throttling device and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid. It flows through the evaporator, absorbs heat, and is then compressed.

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To be continued

Chapter 062 Preview Temperature Control