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Chapter 051 Northern and Southern Xiongnu

This is relative to the Northern Huns who moved westward.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jianwu (48), the Xiongnu were in turmoil fighting for the throne. The Xiongnu nobles killed each other, and the Xiongnu was once again divided into the Southern Xiongnu and the Northern Xiongnu.

King Rizhu led his troops to submit to the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Eastern Han government established the Xiongnu Zhonglang General to oversee him.

In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, foreign relatives and eunuchs interfered in politics, which caused the internal political situation to be unclear and difficult to control. The Xiongnu in Suinan rebelled many times and joined forces with Xianbei to raid border fortresses and kill officials.

During this period, several Nan Danyu were killed by his subordinates.

Cao Cao divided them into five divisions: left, right, south, north and center, and placed them in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and other places respectively. The nobles were appointed as commanders, but Han people were sent as Sima to supervise them. The southern Xiongnu were completely integrated into the Cao Wei regime.

The Xianbei people took advantage of the situation and occupied their old land.

In the summer of the fourth year of Wufeng (53 BC), Huhanxie Chanyu was defeated by his brother Zhizhi Chanyu. He led his troops south to the fortress, sent his son to the Han Dynasty as a hostage, and became a vassal to the Han Dynasty, hoping to use the power of the Han Dynasty to protect himself. .

In the first month of the third year of Ganlu (51 BC), Hu Hanxie, the leader of the Southern Huns, went to the DPRK to pay homage to Emperor Xuan in Ganquan Palace (today's northwest of Chunhua, Shaanxi).

In the third year of Jianzhao (36 BC), during the war between the Western Han Dynasty and the Northern Xiongnu, Gan Yanshou, the cavalry captain of the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty, and Chen Tang, the deputy captain, defeated the Zhizhi Shanyu in Kangju.

A few years later, Zhizhi Chanyu was killed by the Western Han Dynasty expeditionary force. With the internal troubles gone and their strength growing, the Southern Xiongnu led their troops back to Mobei.

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the twenty-fourth year of Jianwu (48 AD), turmoil broke out among the Xiongnu for the throne, and the Xiongnu nobles killed each other.

The Xiongnu once again split into northern and southern parts. The southern Xiongnu immediately chased the king, made a grave, threw the corpse, and chased the chanyu. They attached themselves to the Eastern Han Dynasty and became vassals. They were placed in the Hetao area by Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty and built the Wuyuan Fortress (today's Baotou, Inner Mongolia).

The following year, the court was moved to Meiji County (now northwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), known as "Nanting".

The Han Dynasty sent an envoy to the Xiongnu, Zhonglang General, to lead his troops to protect his safety.

In June of the first year of Yongyuan (89 years), the Han army attacked in three directions.

Dou Xian and Geng Bing led 1000 elite cavalry out of Jilu Pass (the mouth of Halonggenai Gorge northwest of today's Dengkou, Inner Mongolia), general Deng Hong of the Liao Dynasty came out of Chooyang (east of today's Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), and the Southern Huns came out of Manchu. Valley (today's north of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia), with a total of about 5 riders, all meeting in Zhuoxie Mountain (today's east line of Altai Mountain).

Marching north to Jiluo Mountain, they encountered the Shanyu of the Northern Xiongnu.

They defeated the Northern Xiongnu and took advantage of the victory to pursue them to the private channel Bei Ninghai (today's Sunol Lake in Ubu, Mongolia). They killed more than 1.3 people below the king's rank, captured many people, and captured more than a million miscellaneous animals. There were one group before and after the descendants, totaling more than 1 people.

Dou Xian and Geng Bing traveled more than 3000 miles out of the fortress, climbed Yanran Mountain (now Hangai Mountain in Mongolia), carved stones to record their merits, and returned.

That is the battle of Jiluoshan.

In the second year of Emperor Yongyuan's reign (90), Dou Xian sent his deputy captain Yan Pan to recapture Yiwu land with more than cavalry.

The Han Dynasty moved closer to the West Sea where Shanyu was stationed, which was the Battle of Yiwu.

In October of the second year of Yongyuan (90), Dou Xian sent 8000 generals including the Southern Xiongnu Zuogu Li Wang Shizi out of Jilusai, with Geng Tan, the guarding Xiongnu Zhonglang general, as the general to attack the northern Shanyu battle, that is, Heyun. Battle of the North.

In 91 AD, Dou Xian sent generals Geng Kui, Ren Shang, Zhao Bo and others to lead an expedition with 8000 troops to the Northern Xiongnu Chanyu. They won the battle and returned more than miles away. This battle was the furthest the Han army had ever traveled to attack the Xiongnu. , that is, the Battle of Jinweishan.

In 92, after the Battle of Jinweishan, Beidan was so frightened that he held his breath and fled to the land of Wusun, and the desert was empty.

The Chanyu of the Northern Xiongnu disappeared without a trace. His younger brother, King Yougu Li, established himself as the Chanyu of the Northern Xiongnu in Chudan and "begged for surrender" at Puleihai.

Puleihai is adjacent to Yiwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Dou Xian took advantage of this opportunity to "re-establish the northern captives, rebel against his old family, and protect both of them." He appointed Geng Kui as the Zhonglang general, granted him a seal, and guarded him with integrity, just like the story of Nan Shanyu.

He also ordered General Lang to serve as the guard of Shangzhi Fujie and stationed in Yiwu.

In 93 years, Fang Yufu returned to Beiting. When the Northern Huns heard about Dou Xian's death (so Genghis Khan later mourned in secret), he led his troops back to the north. Ren Shang and others pursued and killed the Northern Xiongnu Chanyu in the battle.

In 94 AD, more than people from the fifteen tribes of the Northern Xiongnu who surrendered to the Han Dynasty rebelled, forcing the former southern Xiongnu Chanyu to station Tuen He's son Ao Danri to chase King Fenghou as the Chanyu, and the Xiongnu split again.

A total of 40,000 soldiers sent by the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wuhuan and Xianbei troops defeated Fenghou. Fenghou then led his troops out of the fortress, but the Han army could not catch up. He became the new Chanyu of the Northern Xiongnu.

In 107 A.D., Fenghou took advantage of the Eastern Han Dynasty to revoke the Western Region's military protection and abandon the Western Region. He controlled the Western Region, pressed and extorted all countries, and coerced all countries to jointly harass the Eastern Han Dynasty's borders for more than ten years.

In 109 AD, the corpses of the Wan clan of the Southern Xiongnu drove the Shanyu into the dynasty. They listened to Han Cong's plan and launched an army to attack the Han Dynasty.

A few months later, he was defeated by Liang Dong, the general of the Liao Dynasty, and Geng Kui, the governor of Liaodong, and led his army back to Huze (today's Lishi area in Shanxi Province).

Seeing that the Han armies were attacking Huze, they were very frightened and sent envoys to beg for surrender.

In 140 AD, Julong Wusi and King Julong Cheniu of the Southern Xiongnu raised their troops to rebel against the Han. They led 3 cavalry to attack Xihe (governing the southeast of present-day Dongsheng County, Inner Mongolia). They lured King Youxian and combined seven or eight thousand troops to surround Meiji. (now in the northwest of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia), killed Shuofang and acted as the county magistrate.

In May, he was defeated by the Han general Ma Xu and the Wuhuan, Xianbei, Qiang and Hu soldiers.

In September, he led Che Niu as Chanyu, led Wuhuan to the east, and collected tens of thousands of Qiang and Rong people from the west. He broke through the Huya camp in Jingzhao, killed the captain of Shangjun and the army commander, and plundered Bing, Liang, You, and Ji 4 state.

In November, the Han envoy Xiongnu Zhonglang General Zhang Dan was defeated in Mayi (governing today's Shuo County, Shanxi Province). Che Niu surrendered, and Wu Si continued to lead his troops to attack the Han border.

In the first year of Han'an (142), he again plundered and merged the state with Xue Tataiqi, Qiequ Bode and others.

In the second year, he was assassinated by the Han envoy Xiongnu Zhonglang General Ma Shi.

In December of the fourth year of Zhongping (187), Xiutuge (Xiutuge, meaning "Earth Goddess") and the Southern Xiongnu nobles were worried that the Han Dynasty's recruitment of Xiongnu troops would not stop. They rebelled against Shanyu and invaded the border, leading to chaos in Bingzhou. .

Dingxiang, Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang and Shangjun were all dispersed together.

In the first month of the fifth year of Zhongping, Xiu massacred all the troops in Xihe and attacked and killed Xing Ji, the governor of Xihe County.

In March (around April 188), Xiutu attacked and killed Zhang Yi, the governor of Bingzhou. Then he joined forces with Hu from the left of the Southern Xiongnu, claiming to have 4 men, and killed them in Qiangqu.

(Another record is that Xiongluo and Xiuzhu from the right of the Southern Xiongnu attacked and killed Chanyu Qiangqu.)

In 195 AD, the princes separated themselves.

The Southern Xiongnu participated in the melee between the feudal warlords in the Central Plains and moved down the Yellow River.

At this time, the Southern Xiongnu had occupied many counties in the Yellow River Basin.

In 202 AD, the leader of the Southern Xiongnu surrendered to Cao Cao.

In order to stabilize the north, Cao Cao divided the southern Xiongnu into five tribes. Each tribe selected nobles as commanders and selected Han people as Sima to supervise them.

In this way, the southern Xiongnu were completely integrated into the Cao Wei regime, and northern China completed the actual unification.

In 216 AD, Cao Cao detained the last Chanyu of the Southern Xiongnu, Huchuquan Chanyu, and sent King Youxian to Bei Jianguo. He broke up the Southern Xiongnu into five tribes, namely left, right, south, north, and center, and placed them in Shaanxi respectively. , Shanxi and Hebei areas.

......

To be continued

Chapter 052 Preview of the Battle of Pingzhou