marvel angel

As soon as Summers finished speaking, Lorna rushed to answer excitedly:

"I know, I know it's called the tunneling effect."

She looked at Angela proudly, with an expectant expression of "Come and ask me."

"You are great, little Dr. Dane." Angela's teasing heart was illuminated by Lorna's big shining eyes, and she asked with a smile, "Explain to me quickly, why a particles can break free from the constraints of strong force and pass through potential barrier, thereby breaking through the limitations of the atomic nucleus and causing a decay."

"What, so you know?" Although Lorna pursed her lips in dissatisfaction, the trace of admiration for Angela that had always lived in her eyes still did not disappear.She thought about what the teacher said in class and replied:

"Due to the wave nature of microscopic particles, they have a probability of appearing at every point in space, including places outside the walls. Therefore, even if an a particle does not reach the energy required to cross the potential barrier, it still has a very small Probability passes through the energy barrier that binds it within the atomic nucleus, as if there is some kind of tunnel under the high wall. This is the quantum tunneling effect, the wall-penetrating technique in the microscopic world."

"So" Angela asked Lorna again, "What is the probability of this?"

"Yes Yes"

"is the square of the wave function"

"Dear Doctor Ziegler, are you really just a medical student?"

"Dr. Xi has to dabble in everything. I have learned relevant knowledge about quantum mechanics in medical imaging and biophysics classes. Of course, I only know a little bit about it. I know nothing about how to calculate this probability using the Schrödinger equation. But I know," Angela turned her head and looked at Pride and Summers opposite. "In the macro world, the probability of passing through a wall is infinitely close to zero, and it is said to be completely impossible. It’s not an exaggeration if we don’t use supernatural powers.”

"That's right," Summers nodded and said, "Even after many, many years, humans still don't understand why the wave function collapses from uncertainty to certainty. It is clear that a single particle is full of uncertainty. All kinds of interesting things can happen to it; but when a large number of particles gather to form matter, they become so certain that they can be easily calculated and predicted as we see, hear, know and feel."

"I remember" Lorna saw that Angela and Romanoff beside her were listening with interest and interest, and added, "There are many different hypotheses about this.

"From a mathematical perspective, classical physics is the statistical average of quantum physics, which is naturally stable and deterministic. As for the physical perspective

"Some people say that after microscopic particles gather, the effect of gravity begins to appear, and gravity has a certain effect of inhibiting quantization.

“Some people also say that in a system of a large number of aggregated particles, the spontaneous collapse of a certain particle will cause the entire system to decoher and leave the superposition state, thus turning into a definite macroscopic object.

"The most romantic hypothesis is that there has never been collapse or decoherence. The macroscopic world exists in the wave function just like microscopic particles. It's just that the macroscopic volatility is not reflected in microscopic superposition states, but in microscopic superposition states. It is presented in the form of multiple worlds. In one world, an a particle rushes out of the atomic nucleus; while in another world, it is still firmly attracted by strong force. What we perceive and observe are just countless multiverses part of it.”

Lorna's narration lit up the admiration in everyone's eyes.Summers patted Pride on the shoulder, pretending to be disgusted and said:

"Look at my little girl, Kitty. You are obviously blessed to be able to observe and understand the quantum world better than anyone else. Why don't you learn from it? They nicknamed you Phantom Cat because you really look like Schrödinger's cat. "

"Huh, it's obviously something that you adults haven't understood yet. It's completely irresponsible to pass it on to the next generation in such a confused way. Maybe your scientific theory is more uncertain than the microscopic particles in the fluctuations." Pride threw out With a twist, he ignored Summers and continued to look down at the menu.

"Nathan," Angela seemed to understand something and asked Summers, "You mentioned the difference between quantum microscopic and classical macroscopic, is it because the same is true for time?"

"Sure enough, it's easier to talk to smart people." Summers responded with a smile. "Time also has some kind of volatility and uncertainty. But when they come together, they will become stable, like An impenetrable wall. If you want to pass through this wall, you must use various methods to transfer yourself to the quantum realm, give yourself volatility again, and then collapse back to particle nature after reaching the other side of the wall. This is the purpose of time travel. Fundamental."

"But" Romanoff asked before Angela could, "Katie told me just now that she and Naughty sent a person to the past and changed the past. What's going on? This solid wall How was it changed?”

"" Summers looked at Pride sideways and said teasingly, "You really tell all the secrets just to chase girls."

"What do you know?" Pride was very dissatisfied with Summers' frequent criticism and stared at him "viciously".But paired with that childish baby face, she looks cute no matter how she looks.

"I secretly saw Gu Yi pouring tea for them personally," Pride added.

"Oh" Summers glanced at the three girls across from him in surprise, "In that case, let's talk openly."

"The time after aggregation is different from elementary particles," Summers said crisply. "It is not solidified, but flowing. Like a superfluid, it never stops, day and night. Just imagine, when you What happens when you throw a pebble into a river?"

"Sparking a fleeting, insignificant ripple," Angela answered.

"Absolutely correct," Summers said, "This is the convergence of the timeline. One person's power is so small, and often cannot change the flow of history."

"But" Romanoff asked, "the present we are living in, from a certain perspective, was changed by Mystique Riven Darkholm."

"This is the plasticity of the timeline." Summers explained following the question, "One person's effect on time is small, but one person's effect on the people can be very huge; and the people's effect on time and on the The force of history cannot be ignored.

"The great Mystique ignited the hope that ordinary people and mutants can live in harmony, and the efforts of the X-Men have continued to maintain this hope. The superposition of love and hate in people's minds has gradually collapsed into understanding and tolerance. direction; the time flow superimposed by various possibilities also collapsed to the side of peace and equality, and then formed the current stable, fixed, and determined timeline.

"To use another metaphor, too many people threw stones into the river and built dams; and there were also people who continued to open new river channels, thus eventually changing the direction of the river."

Summers said a lot all at once, and Lorna and Romanoff were still digesting it.But Angela quickly discovered the blind spot:

"As far as I know, superfluids are not bound by friction and will never be so obedient. In the long river of history, there must be stubborn undercurrents and mischievous waves."

"That's right, Columbia's top student." Summers said with a smile, "This is where Deadpool Wade Wilson comes into play. If he has nothing to admire, how could I be willing to teach his daughter elementary school Mathematics, no matter how cute Xueer is"