Back to the Song Dynasty as a tyrant

For example, Newton's law is not invented, it is discovered, it is an objective law, not a commodity of human beings.

Science needs a change of mind before it can blossom.

Chen Gui continued: "I think that what I'm doing now may have myriad connections with Dao."

Zhao Ning continued to ask: "How do you say this?"

"Why is the range of the bullets of the firecrackers limited?" Chen Gui asked, "Is there a law that I have not noticed, which is affecting the trajectory of the bullets?"

Zhao Ning was stunned for a moment, he didn't expect Chen Gui to think so quickly.

Chapter 658 The Objective Law of Taoism (First Change)

In fact, Zhao Guanjia's writing of "Dialectics" was both shocking and reasonable to the elites of the Song Dynasty.

why?

Because dialectics existed in ancient China, but it is not called dialectics, but Taoism.

For example, in Zhuangzi's "Qiwu Lun", it is said: There is nothing other than that, and nothing is other than this.If you know yourself, you will not see it, but if you know yourself, you will know it.Therefore, it is said that what comes from is, what is also because of that.

Another example is Lao Tzu’s "Tao Te Ching" which says: Existence and non-existence are born together, difficult and easy are complementary, long and short are complementary, high and low are mutually incline, voices and voices are in harmony, and front and back follow each other.

Everything is relative.

There is also such a saying in the "Tao Te Ching": When misfortune comes, blessings depend on it; when blessings come, misfortune lies.

This means that contradictions are developing and opposing, and things are tortuous and changing.

"Tao Te Ching" also has this saying: Dao begets one, one begets two, two begets three, and three begets all things.

These words were used by many magic sticks to fool the public.

But in fact Taoism is not Taoism, it is a philosophy.

What it really means is that there are objective laws in the world, and Tao is the objective laws.

Objective law In the objective law, there is a contradiction between yin and yang, that is, the contradiction between one life and two.

Three contradictions evolved.

The three here means that the contradiction is advancing.

The so-called "Three Lives and All Things" refers to the progress of contradictions, the birth of countless new contradictions, the self-evolution of contradictions, and the formation of new opposition and unity.

There are core ideas at the grassroots level: objective laws, unity of contradictions and opposites, and the advancement of things.

The inaction that Taoism emphasizes is not inaction, but not excessive human intervention, because objective laws do not change with people's will.

That is to say in the legend: the way of heaven cannot be violated!

Contradictions are the unity of opposites, things are moving forward, and we cannot forcibly go against the sky.

This is one of the core ideas of Taoism.

So what does it have to do with The Wealth of Nations?

Have!

There is a core idea in "The Wealth of Nations": there is an invisible hand in the market, which can self-regulate demand and supply.

This invisible hand is the Tao in Taoist philosophy, which is the objective law.

Of course, Zhao Ning did not copy Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" directly, after all, he could not write it down verbatim.

He wrote the Song version of "The Wealth of Nations" based on market theory and division of labor theory, combined with Taoist thought.

Adam Smith, the author of "The Wealth of Nations" in history, is one of the masters of classical liberalism in economics and politics.

When people in the 21st century mention freedom, they always ridicule that it is a Western thing.

It is true that there was no concept of freedom in ancient China, but there is a rule by doing or not, and some people must be happy in life, so don't let the golden cup be empty to the moon.

Confucianism is only a part of Chinese civilization, it is not the whole.

So what do Dialectics and The Wealth of Nations have to do with science?

There are also!

The most important part is the objective law!

We must admit that there are objective laws in this world, which is what Lao Tzu said.

Only by acknowledging this point can we begin to think about the nature of the operation of all things and seek the Tao that Lao Tzu said.

Ancient China has undergone a major reform at the ideological level.

This reform is the beginning of ideological and ideological transformation.

It is very famous, it is called: Dismiss all schools of thought, and respect Confucianism alone.

Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty proposed this epoch-making ideological reform, the Western Han Dynasty was governed by Huang Lao.

Huang Lao's rule of the country is to pay attention to tranquility and inaction, which is Taoism.

Empress Dowager Dou knew that people should not go against each other.

So she is a faithful believer in Taoism.

However, Liu Che hoped to unite the power of the country and fight the Xiongnu, so the so-called Taoism governing the country is out of date.

In the next thousand years, the nomads outside the Great Wall thought about going south all the time.

This forced the Central Plains dynasty to continuously centralize power against the grassland barbarians, and in order to maintain stability, the imperial power was also continuously concentrated, which provided a natural fertile ground for Confucianism.

However, Confucianism pays attention to the relationship between people, which is a matter of sociology.

It does not recognize objective laws and does not face up to the weaknesses of human nature, so naturally it perfectly avoids the development of science.

The so-called scientific and technological development in the Song Dynasty was mostly empirical learning, rather than discovering objective laws.

How to establish a systematic scientific theory without exploring objective laws?

Without a systematic scientific theory, how to iterate technology step by step?

Therefore, in fact, China's technology almost stopped advancing in the Ming Dynasty.

Because there is no systematic scientific theory established.

In the final analysis, it is because there is no awareness of pursuing objective laws.

All advances in science and technology are just tinkering with the original foundation, changing a layer of skin, or changing a pattern, without any qualitative change at all.

But the Chinese are not born unwilling to pursue objective laws.

It's just that the economic base determines the superstructure, and the empire chose Confucianism instead of Taoism.

As a traveler, you should clearly realize that ancient China had very good philosophical thoughts.

It's not like some people are bluffing on the Internet every day, saying that those are all Western things, and we can't want them.

Those are not just Western ones. China had them more than 2000 years ago, but the trajectory of development was deviated due to the objective environment.

Zhao Ding interrupted Chen Gui, he asked out the doubts in his heart, he said: "I have doubts about "Dialectics" and "The Wealth of Nations" in my mind."

"It's alright to say it, sir."

"If you use theories like "Dialectics" and "The Wealth of Nations" to govern the country, there are also fatal weaknesses."

Zhao Ning didn't express his position first, but asked: "What's the fatal weakness?"

"Confucianism can regulate people's hearts and unite the people. If the people believe in Lao Zhuang and the people are free, if the court wants to mobilize troops, it may be very difficult." Zhao Ding said, "This is not the case in "Dialectics", "The Wealth of Nations" However, it clarifies that there is an invisible hand in private commerce, and we must respect it and let it play a role in private commercial associations, which is equivalent to weakening part of the authority of the imperial court in disguise."

"I also agree with what the great minister said." Chen Gui said, "The imperial court has launched a new policy for commercial companies. If the business is handled according to the "Wealth of Nations", it may lead to businessmen becoming bigger and greedy for money. Once they become bigger, it may affect the bureaucracy."

Zhao Ning sighed in his heart, the ancients were really not stupid at all, not only were they not stupid, but their thinking was very clear.

"The Wealth of Nations" is just a panacea injected by Zhao Guanjia into the "New Deal of Business and Society" that Wang Zonglian is implementing.

"What the two ministers said is not unreasonable." Zhao Guanjia said, "As early as the time of the tea ban, the imperial court also faced this problem. In the end, Cai Jing solved the problem of the tea ban for a hundred years by means of tea introduction. Chayin?"

Chen Gui said: "Tea Yin means that the government issues licenses for tea business to private merchants according to the amount."

"Then why did tea introduction become the method accepted by everyone in the end?"

Zhao Ding said: "Back then, the imperial court also sold tea by itself, but the relevant government offices were full of private pockets, corruption was serious, and it was uploaded and distributed, ranging from a month to a few months at most, and it was impossible to control it at all."

Chapter 659 Da Song's Law of Universal Gravitation? (Second more)

"That's right, manpower is limited." Zhao Guanjia said, "Everything must be firmly in your own hands, which is against the law of heaven."

"About tea introduction, it is indeed very convincing. The imperial court uses tea to guide and regulate tea merchants. Tea merchants purchase and sell by themselves. The purchase price and selling price are determined by tea merchants themselves, and this decision is based on market conditions. The price is determined by what the public can accept, and if it cannot be sold, the price will be lowered." Luo Congyan said, "In Yichen's view, the imperial court uses the state-run commercial companies to control the key materials, and the rest can be handed over to the people, and the imperial court is more of a norm. role of order."

Zhao Ning was a little surprised: the imperial court set up a stage, and a private business company performed?

Zhao Ding nodded and said, "But the control over merchants must be strengthened, otherwise the consequences will be disastrous."

Chen Gui took the topic back, and he said: "Your Majesty, I still have the doubt in my heart, what kind of magical power makes the range of bullets limited, and I am dull."

Chen Gui thought to himself: Since Zhao Guanjia and you can come up with such a profound theory based on Taoism, then I will go all out today and boldly ask many questions in my heart.

Although Zhao Ning is a liberal arts student, at least he understands why the bullets stop.

When the bullet is flying, there is friction with the air, and the bullet falls to the ground because of gravity.

Zhao Ning thought about it, how to express it clearly and simply for the ancients?

After thinking for a while, Zhao Ning said, "Chen Qing, let me ask you, why is there such a saying that grain is a stone?"

Chen Gui said: "There were measurements in ancient times, and it was naturally for the convenience of counting things."

"Measurement is created by people. It can measure the weight of food, the length of trees, and the amount of money, right?" Zhao Guanjia said.

"Your Majesty's words are very true." Chen Gui didn't know what this had to do with the limited range of bullets, but he didn't interrupt Zhao Guanjia either. He felt that Zhao Guanjia should be trying to guide him gradually.

Zhao Ning picked up a coconut, which Qian Yuqing brought back from the South China Sea.

He let go of the coconut and it fell to the ground.

Everyone looked at Zhao Guanjia's strange movements in surprise.

Zhao Guanjia looked at Chen Gui and said, "Why did the coconut fall to the ground?"

Chen Gui was stunned, his head seemed to be buzzing, and a light seemed to flash, but it was still chaotic.

He couldn't help muttering: "Why did the coconut fall to the ground?"

Luo Congyan said: "Not only coconuts will fall to the ground, but everything will fall to the ground in the air."

Zhao Ning added: "Including bullets."

The stereotype suddenly rose up, and said: "Could it be that there is a Tao that makes everything fall to the ground?"

"I'm also thinking about this issue." Zhao Ning said pretending not to know.

Regarding stereotypes, Zhao Ning felt that guiding him to think spontaneously was more important than telling him the answer directly.

As long as Chen Gui really touches Tao, he will be obsessed with it.

Seeing that Chen Gui was frowning, Zhao Ning suddenly said, "What should we do to make objects move?"

Zhao Ding said quickly: "Push it hard?"

Chen Gui patted his head: "That's right! The only thing that can move an object is pushing, pressing, or pulling!"

silence.

There was apparently a brief silence at the scene.

Chen Gui picked up a coconut and let it go, and the coconut fell to the ground again.

He thought painfully again: "But I didn't use my strength!"

Zhao Guanjia said: "You don't use force, but it doesn't mean that there is no force in this world that you can't see and touch. It makes everything in the air fall to the ground by itself!"

Chen Gui felt as if his brain had exploded, like Pangu opened the sky, chaos sank, and fresh air rose.

Stereotypes almost shouted: "People will fall from heights, cows, horses, sheep, tables, chairs...all will fall from heights!"

Zhao Ning added: "Apple will fall too."

Chen Gui's eyes glowed, and he said: "There really is a force that we can't see and touch, and it makes all things fall from the sky! It must exist, it must exist! This is Tao!"

Luo Congyan, who is an academic, also seemed to be excited, and he couldn't help asking: "How can I see its existence?"

Zhao Ning said: "Every time something falls, isn't it a manifestation of it?"

Luo Congyan was also stunned for a moment, and his emotions seemed to be agitated: "Good! Good!"