Rule department scholar

The key point explained by Zhao Yi does not sound complicated, but because he has already figured it out, when he really thinks about it, it is like finding a correct path in an extremely complicated maze.

That is not easy!

It is indeed easy to reach the end point by following the path, but without knowing the correct path, most people will get lost, and if they make a mistake halfway, they will be stuck in the maze.

This takes too much time.

If you are unlucky or have no other means, even if you study for dozens or hundreds of years, it will be difficult to get out, not to mention that most people do not have this kind of perseverance.

"Is Zhao Yi just lucky?" Many people were thinking.

of course not.

If Zhao Yi just completed Goldbach's conjecture, it would definitely be attributed to luck to prove it in this way, but before he completed the proof, he was already a world-recognized master of number theory.

So... that's normal too.

The brain thinking of geniuses is different from that of ordinary people.

It is better for ordinary people not to try to understand genius, or they will only suffer mercilessly.

Chapter 278 The Second Field Report: Analyzing the Lowest Deviation

The morning speech report was very successful. The report lasted only one hour, but explained the proof process of Goldbach's conjecture in detail, and left time for everyone to ask questions. It sounds really incredible.

In fact, most people in the venue felt normal.

Because, simple.

It’s still the metaphor, it’s like walking through a complicated maze, Zhao Yi found the right path, and he just needs to be guided in the direction. There are many twists and turns on the road, but because there are no direct obstacles, there will be no disputes .

Zhao Yi just explained how to get out of the maze, instead of thinking about how to solve the maze.

This is why the report meeting in the morning is very short.

In the afternoon, it was different.

Many top mathematicians came here for that event, because the proof of Goldbach's conjecture in a broad sense is helpful for mathematicians to understand prime numbers better.

In addition, the proof of Goldbach's conjecture in a broad sense is much more complicated than the direct proof. Those who couldn't understand the proof in the venue also concentrated on the proof in a broad sense.

Many people are interested in Zhao Yi's proof thinking method.

Just like the evaluation of many top mathematicians on Goldbach's conjecture, the cracking of Goldbach's conjecture is not of great significance in itself. It is not of great significance like Riemann's conjecture. The proof process uses The method will be more meaningful than the proof itself.

Two in the afternoon.

The second report will start on time.

At this time, Zhao Yi didn't feel any pressure at all. The success of the first report meeting confirmed that he had solved Goldbach's conjecture.

The second proof method now is just icing on the cake.

Many people pay more attention to the second proof method, but for Zhao Yi personally, he still solved the Goldbach's conjecture, the honor is certain, and there is no special significance.

Zhao Yi calmed down completely, and the speech report went more smoothly.

He began to explain in detail.

The second proof method is to prove in a broad sense that the combination of prime numbers and itself can cover all even numbers except two.

In the proof process, he used the traditional sieve method.

The progress of Goldbach's conjecture in the past used the sieve method, including Chen Jingrun's "1+2" ​​proof, and the sieve method itself is considered to prove that "1+2" ​​is already the limit, and it is impossible to have another progress.

Screening is a method of finding prime numbers, and it is very simple to understand.

Arrange the N natural numbers in order, and start the sieve analysis: 1 is not a prime number, nor is it a composite number, so it must be crossed out; 2 is a prime number, and all numbers that are divisible by 2 after 2 are crossed out; 2 The first number that is not crossed out is 3, keep 3, and then cross out all numbers that are divisible by 3 after 3; the first number that is not crossed out after 3 is 5, leave 5, Then cross out all numbers after 5 that are divisible by 5.

Doing this all the time will screen out all composite numbers that do not exceed N, leaving all prime numbers that do not exceed N.

The sieving method used by Zhao Yi is somewhat different from the traditional one. In the process of sifting out the prime numbers, he combined the prime numbers in pairs, and then discussed in detail.

When the number over a hundred is sieved, it is a bit complicated to analyze the "sieve" at hand.

Then he used group theory.

Group theory is also a mathematical method. Simply understood, it is a method for groups to conduct research, analysis, and discussion.

Using the combination of sieve method and group theory, we can study the expectation problem of how many pairs of prime numbers there are even numbers.

Expectations, that is, expectations, roughly, in what range, etc., are not exact numbers.

After continuous analysis and discussion, Zhao Yi made an expectation line about how many pairs of prime numbers there will be even numbers.

This expectation line is a function that increases as the even value increases.

On the stage.

Zhao Yi said seriously, "This is not a function to determine the number. We can find that when many numbers are introduced, the result will be wrong."

"For example, by substituting 16, we get the number 2, and by substituting 50, we get the number 5."

"Obviously, the results were wrong."

"This is a vague expectation line, that is to say, the result obtained is only an ideal value of how many prime number pairs there are in the number, and it can even be understood as an imaginary value."

"The numbers in most intervals are similar to the results obtained."

"And what we will discuss next is this expected function, analyzing its general direction and deviation."

When the function has been placed on the blackboard, the direction of the function does not need to be discussed. It is easy to prove that the trend of the function is to "rise up". bigger and bigger.

This is what the old Nash said in an interview, "The problem of the number of pairs of prime numbers contained in a sufficiently large even number."

But the key is the range of deviation.

Next, Zhao Yi began to demonstrate in detail the range of the minimum deviation K.

offstage.

There were two people sitting in the corner. The young curly-haired youth was inconspicuous, and the one next to him was slightly fatter and looked older. Those who knew it would be very shocked if they took a closer look.

That's Edward Witten.

Professor of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, a famous physicist, mathematician, winner of the Fields Medal, a top expert in string theory and quantum field theory, was named the sixth most promising after World War II by the US "Life" magazine influential people.

Edward Witten, so famous, he completed the positive energy theorem proof of general relativity, supersymmetry and Morse theory, topological quantum field theory, superstring compactification, mirror symmetry, supersymmetric gauge field theory, and Conjectures on the existence of M-theory, etc.

His contributions to theoretical physics are numerous.

The most surprising thing is that he also won Fields, the top award in mathematics, for his mathematical shaping of string theory.

In this venue, Edward Witten is undoubtedly the top figure, but few people know that he is here.

His itinerary is very low-key, and he also tells people who know it, so don't disclose the news.

Edward Witten's seat was also in a corner, and he didn't want too many people to know, but the people sitting next to him still looked at him frequently, and he had already been recognized.

Edward Witten didn't care about other people, but concentrated on listening to the explanation on the stage. The young man next to him was his student, Lars Selberg.

Listening to the report, Selberg couldn't help but turned his head and asked Edward Witten, "Professor, can he really prove it like this?"

Edward Witten continued to look at the stage. Instead of answering directly, he asked instead, "You didn't fully understand that paper, did you?"

"Some things I didn't understand." Selberg pursed his lips and said.

Edward Witten nodded, "That's still too complicated for you, listen carefully." He sighed, "What a genius idea."

"Even the professor you call a genius..." Selberg undoubtedly admired Edward Witten very much.

Edward Witten laughed, "He created a three-dimensional tremor waveform, and now he has completed the proof of Goldbach's conjecture. Although he is still young, he is no worse than me."

After he finished speaking, he added with a sigh, "He is really young."

"I came here this time to discuss the waveform diagram with him. If you listen carefully to the current explanation, it may be very helpful to expand your way of thinking."

"Yes, Professor."

Selberg also became serious. The two stopped communicating and continued to listen to the explanation on the stage.

Zhao Yi's explanation has entered a critical moment, and the value of the minimum deviation K is the most important and time-consuming content.

Those who didn't clarify the content of the thesis were very puzzled when they heard the explanation on the stage, because Zhao Yi seemed to have no clear goal, and he was doing deduction one after another.

This process lasted for more than half an hour.

Many people can't keep up with the train of thought.

But for top mathematicians, it's not a big deal, as long as there are no controversial issues, it's just normal derivation, which is easy to understand.

Finally, Zhao Yi made a substitution and came to the conclusion: the minimum deviation K is less than or equal to the function result itself minus one.

After reaching this conclusion, Zhao Yi stopped talking, and those who followed his train of thought applauded immediately, and there were still many people who did not react.

After waiting for a long time, applause filled the entire venue.

This conclusion is enough.

Zhao Yi’s general proof method is to use the sieve method and group theory to jointly shape an expectation function of how many pairs of prime numbers an even number N contains, and then analyze the deviation range of the accuracy of the result Y of the function.

The analysis mainly focuses on the lowest deviation K of Y, which is also the deviation of the lower limit, which is simply understood as the minimum value.

Finally he came to the conclusion that K is less than or equal to Y-1.

This result shows that the combination of prime numbers and itself can cover all even numbers except two, or to put it bluntly, any even number has at least one pair of prime numbers, that is, it can be decomposed into the sum of two prime numbers.

Zhao Yi's proof actually got two conclusions, one is to prove Goldbach's conjecture, and the other is to prove that the larger the number of even numbers, the more prime number pairs they have.

The latter conclusion is vague, maybe there is a sufficiently large even number that contains only one pair of prime numbers.

Of course.

This has nothing to do with Zhao Yi's proof.

The applause in the venue lasted for a long time. Many people felt that their arms were a little tired and they hadn't put them down yet. The more people who understood the proof process deeply, the more they lamented the genius of proof thinking.

"Really, it's amazing!"

"I never thought there would be such a way!"

"Actually, after further research, you can also make a trend graph of the content of prime numbers, such as the range of hundreds of digits and thousands of digits. It is impossible to check how many prime numbers there are. According to the method of making expectations, it may be possible. Figure it out."

"That's also a way..."

Many top mathematicians have learned something from listening to the reports, and similar research ideas can indeed be expanded in many ways.

The applause died down.

Zhao Yi put down the water bottle in his hand and felt very weak all over. During the nearly three hours of explaining process, there was no pause at all, and the voice he made was a bit hoarse.

When the meeting place became quiet again, Zhao Yi announced with a sigh of relief, "The proof is over here, and now set aside 10 minutes for everyone to discuss."

"After 10 minutes, enter the questioning session."

After he announced the 10-minute delay, he couldn't wait to go to the side, found a chair and sat down, and poured water again.

Good-natured laughter broke out in the venue, and some people continued to applaud.

The applause continued for a long time again...

Chapter 279 Shameless, Invincible!

Zhao Yi originally thought that the questioning session would be very cumbersome, but in fact, because the proof process is very clear, those who can understand have no doubts, and those who can't understand are embarrassed to ask simple questions.

So the Q&A session didn't take long.

When no one raised their hands to ask questions, the speech report was over. Under the gaze of everyone in the venue, Zhao Yi bowed slightly to the audience, and then walked off the stage with a relaxed smile.

The applause rang out again.

A lot of people in the front row took the initiative to greet him and sent blessings to Zhao Yi one after another--

"Congratulations, Zhao Yi!"

"It's so successful and perfect. From now on, the research of theoretical mathematics has taken another step forward."

"You combined group theory and sieve method perfectly!"

"This is the most direct and clear proof I have heard in more than ten years!"

"..."

Zhao Yi shook hands with the people who came over one after another, thanking them for coming all the way to listen to the report.

Hu Zhibin stood by and helped Zhao Yi introduce. It was the first time for him to meet many of them, but before the speech started, he just memorized the names of the distinguished guests one by one.

Now everyone can match up.