Beiyang reactionaries

Regardless of the method, the door to cooperation should not be closed.To develop heavy industry in the Soviet Union, it needs a lot of resources, many of which need to be imported from China.Also because the heavy industry in the Soviet Union was developed and the light industry developed slowly, it gave China a basis for cooperation.

Different opponents use different schemes.

"Talk about a plan. Even if it is a little complicated, as long as it can be traded, it will be good. Not to mention anything else, at present, Asian countries need more food, and we are under great pressure as a country. If we can trade with the Soviet Union, The Soviet Union can provide a large amount of food. Director Lu (Lu Zuofu), you are personally responsible for the negotiations with the Soviet Union. Negotiate as soon as possible.”

"Yes."

"Once the trade negotiations with the Soviet Union are completed, the special city of Anxi will become even more important. The cabinet will allocate a special sum of money to support the construction of Almaty."

"Yes."

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On November 1945, 11, China and Spain signed a currency swap agreement.

The first is 5 million yuan, for a period of three years.

The quantity is not very large.

This is not before World War II.After the Second World War, the speed of China's economic development is astonishing, and now the scale of China's economy is very large.If calculated according to GDP, China's current GDP is more than 2000 billion yuan.

In the current world, China's GDP is second only to the United States and far exceeds that of any other country.And China's current industrial and agricultural development speed is amazing.Relying on the advantage of population size, China's economic scale is expanding faster than that of the United States.According to the current speed, as long as there are no problems in China, the future economic scale will surpass that of the United States.

Otherwise, China would not be able to propose a currency swap.

If you don't have enough economic strength, how can European countries agree to currency swaps.

Although the number is small, the significance is very great.Because this is the first time that European and American countries have responded since China put forward the currency swap proposal.Although many European countries were also interested in it before, they were only interested and did not put it into action.At this time, Spain was the first to stand up and reach an agreement with China, which gave China a lot of support.

Although Spain has been in decline for a long time, it is already a second-rate country in Europe, and it cannot be compared with Britain and France at all.But in any case, Spain is also a veteran imperialist country. It was once a world hegemon, and its influence is still not small.

Therefore, the signing of the currency swap agreement between Spain and China is quite sensational.

Many countries that had been hesitant about China's proposal, saw Spain's move, and began to speed up negotiations with China.

Of course, there is more than just a currency swap agreement between China and Spain. China and Spain have also signed a series of cooperation agreements such as the "China-Spain Trade Agreement" and "Sino-Spain Investment Agreement".

Under these general frameworks, there are even some detailed cooperation contents.

China will cooperate with the Spanish government in Barcelona, ​​Spain, to invest in the construction of a car company.This is a Spanish semi-state-owned enterprise, which is a Sino-Western joint venture.There is also investment in major ports in Spain, expansion of Spanish ports and so on.

These cooperations have made many European countries envious.

After all, China will invest real money in these cooperation projects.What European countries lack most now is capital.

On December 1945, 12, China and Italy signed a currency swap agreement.

8 million yuan.

Everyone is more cautious.

After all, this kind of currency swap is the first time, so they dare not do it on a large scale.

But even so, it still shocked the whole of Europe.Italy is an industrial powerhouse in Europe. Even though Mussolini appeared, it was still not regarded as a defeated country after the war.The strength of Italy is more than that of Spain, and its influence is also more than that of Spain.So Italy kept up with Spain and cooperated with China on currency swaps, which affected many countries.Not to mention the big countries in Europe, small countries are also itchy.

Originally, World War II had just ended in 1945, and all countries in the world were busy cleaning up the mess, and the world's major powers were even more busy dividing up their interests.In fact, everyone has not thought of restoring and developing the economy.

But China is well prepared.

The problems of the post-war economy have already begun to be considered.Therefore, China's proposal and China's cooperation method have won the support of many European countries.

1945年12月7日，荷兰和中国签署了货币互换协议。1945年12月8日，葡萄牙和中国签署了货币互换协议。1945年12月11日，奥地利和中国签署了货币互换协议。

Although the economic scale of these small countries is limited, the combined scale of currency swap is not small.Before the world's major powers reacted, China was already in a hurry to sign cooperation agreements with these European countries.

On December 1945, 12, China and the United Kingdom signed a currency swap agreement.

Breaking news.

The currency swap between China and Britain reached 15 billion RMB.China and Britain not only have a huge scale in currency swaps, but also signed the "Sino-British Economic Cooperation Agreement".

Like the "trade agreement" signed by the United States, there are many things involved.

The first thing that received attention was the establishment of the RMB European Settlement Center.China and the UK have decided to set up a RMB settlement center in London, and two Chinese banks have set up branches in London to be responsible for RMB settlement.

One is OCBC Bank and the other is HSBC Bank.

The second important thing is that the cooperation agreement signed by China and the UK also includes cooperation between the Commonwealth of China and the Commonwealth of China.Of course, the Commonwealth of Nations and the Chinese Federation are not one country, but a combination of many countries.Therefore, the negotiations between China and the United Kingdom only made a draft agreement in the general direction for the cooperation between the Commonwealth of China and the Commonwealth of China.

But even if they support the draft agreement, this is no small matter.

Because the Commonwealth of Nations and the Chinese Federation are very important cooperative organizations in the world, covering many countries.The cooperation between them will directly affect the direction of the world economy.

Britain is a real world power.

It is not comparable to Spain and Italy at all.After all, the UK is an empire on which the sun never sets. Although it is now in decline, its influence in the world still exceeds that of the rising China.Therefore, the cooperation between the UK and China is a really big deal.

China frequently signs some cooperation agreements with European countries, which makes the United States very nervous.Western Europe is the area of ​​interest of the United States, and it is impossible for the United States to allow China to compete with the United States for food.Not only the United States, but the Soviet Union is also nervous.Because China is not only negotiating with Western European countries, but also negotiating with some new socialist countries.

Especially the negotiations with the powerful Yugoslavia made the Soviet Union very dissatisfied.Yugoslavia is a very powerful country in the socialist camp, second only to the Soviet Union.And because of this, the relationship with the Soviet Union is at odds in many ways.If Yugoslavia cooperates with China, there will be many disadvantages for the countries where the Soviet Union integrated the socialist camp.

The interests between countries are eternal.

There are many problems between the United States and the Soviet Union, and even many of them are contradictions that cannot be resolved at this stage.But in the face of China's "aggressive" posture, the United States and the Soviet Union responded quickly.The five-nation conference, which had been protracted for a long time, reached an agreement on January 1946, 1.

The United States and the Soviet Union completed the division of European interests after the war.

Although the United States and the Soviet Union had many conflicts, they all tacitly rejected China.The United States and the Soviet Union are willing to ease relations a little, but European countries are different.They understand that once the United States and the Soviet Union ease relations, it seems that it will be beneficial to European peace, but in fact it will directly affect the interests of Europe.Especially the interests of the European powers.

When the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union eased, the European powers would have little room to play. On the contrary, the European powers would become puppets of the United States and the Soviet Union.For the European powers, they do not want a war between the United States and the Soviet Union, but they also do not want the United States and the Soviet Union to unite to bully Europe.They hope that the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union is not good. Only in this way can the European powers have room to play.

So after entering 1946, two iconic things happened.

On March 1946, 3, Churchill publicly expressed his hostility to the Soviet Union and to socialist countries.Churchill believed that the biggest enemy of Europe and America at this stage was the Soviet Union and communism.If the development of communism is not curbed, the entire European and American countries will fall.Churchill's anti-communist remarks were earth-shattering. After all, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies in World War II, and they have not had contact with allies so far.Under such circumstances, Churchill's public statement that the Soviet Union and communism are the greatest enemies of Europe and the United States has an astonishing influence.

This is the famous "Iron Curtain Speech".

Who is Stalin?

After Churchill's remarks came out, the Soviet Union reacted very quickly, and immediately criticized Churchill for instigating the war.Churchill's remarks directly dragged the already fragile US-Soviet relationship into a broken situation.

Public opinion in the United States was also in an uproar.

The top leaders of the United States are very troubled.In fact, the U.S. government at this time did not think about completely confronting the Soviet Union. In the U.S., isolationism has deep roots.Now that World War II is over, the United States has not considered investing in a new confrontation.

But Churchill's "Iron Curtain Speech" directly put the United States there.The United States is the leading country in the Western world. If it fails at this time, how can it lead the Western countries.Even if the United States does not want to react, but under the persecution of the United Kingdom, it can only make a choice.

When the United States was discussing how to deal with the Soviet Union and the invasion of Europe by the socialist countries headed by the Soviet Union, another big country in Europe gave the United States a great stimulus. On March 1946, 3, China and France signed the "Sino-French Friendship and Cooperation Agreement".