Beiyang reactionaries

1945年5月18日，参加联合国成立大会的63个国家一致通过了“联合国宪章”。1945年5月19日，中英美法苏五个国家率先在“联合国宪章”签字。

The Charter of the United Nations written in five languages.

During this inaugural meeting of the United Nations, five official languages ​​were identified.They are Chinese, Russian, English, French, and Spanish, so the "United Nations Charter" is also written in these five languages.

These five languages ​​are also currently the most widely spoken languages ​​in the world.

Because the five countries of China, Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union were confirmed as permanent members of the United Nations at this meeting, these five countries were the first to sign.After that, the remaining 58 countries will also sign here.

此次旧金山联合国成立大会确定，1945年9月20日开始，“联合国宪章”正式生效。1946年1月1日，第一次联合国会议正式召开。

In order for the first United Nations General Assembly to be held smoothly, China, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union have required Greece to complete demilitarization.Moreover, China, Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union and France have already begun to discuss the issue of building the United Nations headquarters in Athens.

However, there are also concerns that Greece will not be able to provide a meeting place.Therefore, after discussions among several countries, if Greece cannot provide a meeting place, the first UN General Assembly will be held in Britain or France.After the UN headquarters is built in Greece, the UN conference will be held in Greece.

At this time, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs has begun to contact European countries.

The Supreme Council appointed He Fengshan as Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and China's plenipotentiary representative in Europe, responsible for handling European affairs.The Chinese ambassadors to European countries reported to He Fengshan the contact with the governments of various countries.He Fengshan will conduct a unified summary.

Of course, while carrying out these diplomatic measures, the Chinese military continued to conduct handovers with the US military.

According to the "Ili Declaration" and the "Yalta Agreement", the U.S. military did not continue to entangle with China, nor did it appear to repent.In almost half a year, the U.S. military has made great strides to retreat, and has even given up the Marshall Islands.However, the United States has left observation stations in various places, mainly to supervise the Chinese military.Because according to the agreement between China and the United States, the Pacific islands of the Marshall Islands should be entrusted to the Asia Joint Organization, but China cannot build military bases here.

This was the content of the secret agreement between China and the United States.

So now the Chinese army is only stationed in the military bases used by Japan and the United States before, and it will not expand the military bases itself.

"Does the General Staff have any plans to withdraw troops from abroad?"

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"Does the General Staff have any plans to withdraw troops from abroad?"

"some."

With the end of World War II, wartime mechanisms began to be dismantled.The Supreme Council and Cabinet, as well as provincial and local governments, including large government enterprises, have begun to dismantle temporary institutions established during the war and are working hard to restore normal mechanisms.

Even the material committee, the most powerful department, has begun to be slowly abolished.Many departments of the Materials Committee have been withdrawn and merged into the original departments.

But the army has not yet started.

Because the army had many other actions before, and the army action has not been completely over until now.But now that World War II is over, it's time for the army to rectify.

"Chairman, the plan of the General Staff is to withdraw most of the troops from Southeast Asian countries within one year. Currently, in Southeast Asian countries and the Pacific islands, we have more than 200 million army troops. If we add the navy, the number will reach 250 million. This puts a lot of logistical pressure on our country. Therefore, the General Staff is preparing to leave five divisions in the Mekong River Basin and Thailand and Burma, and two divisions in the Malayan Peninsula, the Republic of Indonesia, and Brunei. Eight divisions are left in the Philippines, and three divisions in Pony and Gova. There are also 20 regiments left in other Pacific islands, including the Solomon Islands and East Timor. In this way, we can stay in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. The deployment of about 40 people will greatly reduce the pressure on the army."

"40 people?"

Duan Xun frowned.

After thinking for a while, he said: "It's still too much. Some small countries leave one reinforcement regiment is enough. And the Philippines, 8 divisions are too many, leaving about 5 divisions, as long as the situation in the Philippines can be stabilized. .Shorten the size of the troops as much as possible, I think about 25 people are very good. As for the Mekong River Basin, the reduction of field troops will still be subordinate to the Mekong River Joint Command as before. The Mekong River Joint Command will allow all countries in the Mekong River Basin to Get involved and ask them to take part of their troops. We just need to be able to dominate the Mekong Joint Command. The current Southeast Asian countries have very poor defense capabilities. Some small countries can control the situation with a reinforced regiment, and they don’t need to send too much troops. As long as Sumatra has enough troops to deter, the surrounding countries don’t have to worry.”

"Yes."

Xu Yongchang nodded.

According to the thinking of the General Staff, of course, they do not want to withdraw all the troops. It is best to deploy millions of troops in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.Because the more troops stationed abroad, the more logistical support is needed, and the greater the military's influence.But the current situation is obvious, when the war is over, the power previously held by the military will be taken back.

Therefore, many people in the military want to keep power.

The General Staff's plan to keep 40 army troops in various countries has already taken care of many people's ideas.

But Xu Yongchang knew from Duan Xun's words that Duan Xun would definitely not let some bigwigs in the military get what they wanted. 40 army troops, Duan Xun became 25 in one word.Duan Xun is not a simple politician, a politician who relies on voting.Duan Xun is the person who built the current Chinese army, and is the representative of the warlords entering Beijing.Duan Xun's current position in the party, government and army is completely unbreakable.

Therefore, if Duan Xun wants to reduce the power of the military, who can stop it.Moreover, Duan Xun's desire to reduce military power does not only represent the attitude of Duan Xun alone, but also includes most of the political leaders.Unless it is an ambitious politician who wants to use the army to make a fuss.Otherwise, it is impossible for those political leaders to like the military government, and it is impossible for the military to have too much power.

"Everyone knows that Germany has surrendered and the Second World War is over. Our country now has more than 800 million troops, all of which are maintained for the war. Now that the war is over, it is not enough to continue to maintain such a large army. Suitable for the post-war construction phase."

"Chairman, is this disarmament?"

Chen Yi, vice chairman of the Military Commission, spoke.

During the war years, the power of the military increased greatly.Wartime mechanism, everything is for war.Therefore, in some projects of the military, the local government must cooperate with the military.In order for the military and the local government to cooperate well, the military and the cabinet have set up many coordination departments to coordinate issues between the military and the local government.Among those temporary coordination departments, the military has the upper hand.When there are differences of opinion, as long as the military's conditions are not too excessive, then it is basically a compromise to the military.

It's a pity that the war is over, and Duan Xun obviously cannot allow the military to still have great power in peacetime.

"Correct."

The military committee meeting was held today, and all the high-level Chinese military officials came.Vice Chairman of the Military Commission Li Jishen and Chen Yi, Vice Chairman of the Military Commission and Minister of Defense Shang Zhen, Vice Chairman of the Military Commission and Director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense Liu Xiang, Chief of the General Staff Xu Yongchang, Assistant Chief of the General Staff Liu Fei And Dong Songyan, Deputy Chief of the General Staff Ge Jingen, Yang Jie, Zhang Zhizhong.

There are also Xiong Kewu, Minister of Military Affairs, Han Linchun, Minister of the General Armament Department, and Luo Peijin, Minister of the Mobilization Department.

Even the top leaders of the army came a lot.Yu Xuezhong, commander of the Southwest Military Region, Wan Xuancai, commander of the Nanjing Military Region, Zhang Zizhong, commander of the Beijing Military Region, Hu Jingyi, commander of the Lanzhou Military Region, Li Yunlong, commander of the Northeast Military Region, Yang Hucheng, commander of the Jinan Military Region, and Ma Xiaojun, commander of the Japanese Army. meeting today.

The military leaders gathered together.

Duan Xun convened a military committee meeting today for the purpose of disarmament.Otherwise, they wouldn't have summoned all the top leaders of the army, so of course they wouldn't hide it.

"Last year (1944), our country's military spending reached 430 billion yuan, which was higher than our country's annual fiscal revenue. During the war, we could use various measures to stabilize the domestic economy. But when the war is over, the economy will Restore normal operations, not wartime mechanisms. When economic policies are in operation, if such military expenditures are maintained, it is a typical militarism. Our economy and our finances simply cannot afford military expenditures of this scale, and it is easy to collapse Our finances. So disarmament is a must."

"That's what the chairman said."

Li Jishen opened his mouth to support Duan Xun.

On the issue of disarmament, the Supreme Council has reached an agreement.When the war is over, disarmament must be carried out as soon as possible.The Chinese army has swelled to 800 million, and China simply cannot afford to support so many troops.

With 430 billion yuan a year and more than 200 billion US dollars in military spending, how can China's current finances afford it.After World War II, China's fiscal revenue increased significantly.But at present, China's fiscal revenue is only about 300 billion yuan, and military expenditure is one and a half times of fiscal revenue.Such military spending can be maintained in war years, but in peacetime it is enough to overwhelm finances.

"In peacetime, military spending should not exceed 20% of the government's finances, or should not exceed 10%. Like the US military expenditure before World War II, it was worth more than 5 million U.S. dollars, accounting for less than 5% of the US finances. Our country does not It is not a rich country. After the war, the main energy of our country should be invested in construction, so the military expenditure must be reduced. Only when the military expenditure is reduced, these funds will flow into the construction. The Supreme Council has made a decision that the military expenditure will be reduced within one year Within 100 billion yuan, within three years it must be suppressed to less than 50 billion yuan, and after five years the military expenditure must be reduced to 40 billion yuan. In the next ten years, the total military expenditure shall not exceed 500 billion yuan."

Li Jishen spoke out his goal.

According to China's current fiscal revenue, 100 billion yuan a year is already a heavy burden.In the next ten years, China's military spending will continue to be reduced, and it is China's goal to reduce its fiscal revenue to less than 10%.

"Let me add to the words of Vice Chairman Li (Li Jishen). From the era of cold weapons to the era of hot weapons, machine guns appeared later. The appearance of these weapons directly changed the strategy and tactics of war.

After the extensive use of tanks, tanks became the king of land warfare. This time, Germany's blitzkrieg caused a sensation in the world.After the emergence of aircraft, air supremacy has become more and more important, and whoever has mastered the air supremacy will be able to win.And after the aircraft carrier appeared, it directly changed the traditional naval tactics of ship-to-ship and gun-to-gun.In order to adapt to the new weapons in World War II, many corresponding weapons also appeared.Radar, missiles, and super bombs like atomic bombs.Technology has changed industry and human life, but it has also changed the pattern of warfare. "

"This will be even more so in the future. After entering the 20th century, the world's technological development is changing with each passing day, and new technologies will appear every year. In the future, radars will continue to develop, ship-borne radars, and airborne radars will continue to develop, so that the scope of detection will be greatly improved. Increase and change many current tactics. The emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs has made deterrence unprecedented. All major countries will become very afraid of war. Of course, this is especially true for missiles. The emergence of missiles will definitely change wars and even human life. If missiles can solve the current problem of accuracy, then future wars will no longer be about fire coverage or quantity, but precision. The emergence of nuclear weapons will make major powers more cautious about wars. Therefore, future wars, It is no longer a large-scale war as it is now, but a local war. In a local war, it is not a question of firepower, but a question of accuracy. After locking on a target, it is no longer bombing indiscriminately, but Hit the target with precision."

"This is technology, and it is the advanced technology we should pursue. Don't be confused by this war, and your thinking should not be limited to this war. We have to look further. In future wars, technology will be fought, and who will be fought The technology is more developed. Therefore, we need to invest more in the research of high-tech weapons, instead of being obsessed with traditional warfare. To deal with future wars, we no longer need traditional warfare and do not need too many troops. What we need is Elite soldiers. So from a military point of view, we also need disarmament.”

Duan Xun added.

It can also be regarded as a reminder to these generals not to be limited by the Second World War.

Then continued: "I convened this meeting to deploy three things. First: Before 1947, there is still one and a half years left, and the size of the army must be reduced by half. From the current more than 800 million troops , to become an army of 400 million. This is a very difficult task. So many troops have been abolished, how to arrange them? They are all national heroes, shed blood for the country, and they cannot be treated badly. So in the next year and a half, this It is the most important job of the Military Committee. This matter involves five people, Vice Chairman Li (Li Jishen), Vice Chairman Chen (Chen Yi), Vice Chairman Shang (Shang Zhen), Minister Xiong (Xiong Kewu), and Chief of Staff Xu (Xu Yongchang). Form a disarmament committee to be fully responsible for this disarmament. It is necessary to do a good job in the ideological work of the army, and to do a good job in their placement. The cabinet will also arrange people to cooperate with the disarmament committee to complete this unprecedented large-scale disarmament.”

"Second: next year's military spending will not exceed 100 billion. I am here to say clearly that no matter what difficulties the army has, military spending will not exceed 100 billion. Vice Chairman Chen (Chen Yi), Vice Chairman Liu (Liu Xiang), Han Minister (Han Linchun) You should make a plan, so that the army will not have enough money to spend next year. And the 100 billion includes pensions for military casualties and heroes. You can reduce any money. If anyone moves this money, I can only give it away He goes to court martial."