Beiyang reactionaries

"The second is the issue of 'combining two bombs'."

"A combination of two bombs?"

Liu Xiang raised his head, looked at Duan Xun and said, "Teacher, you mean the combination of atomic bombs and missiles?"

Duan Xun and Liu Xiang had discussed this issue.Therefore, when Duan Xun said "combination of two bombs", Liu Xiang immediately thought of atomic bombs and missiles.Duan Xun nodded, and said: "The atomic bomb is indeed very powerful, much more powerful than conventional bombs, but it also has more restrictions, and it is very troublesome to use. Just like our current atomic bomb, it can inflict a lot of damage on the opponent. pressure, but in fact it is completely impractical in actual combat. Because the current atomic bombs can only be used by aircraft. However, unless they have complete air superiority, it is difficult to use atomic bombs, and their deterrence will be far from sufficient. Especially For European and American countries, even if we have an atomic bomb, it has no deterrent effect on them."

"Bombs with an equivalent of more than 2 TNT are more deterrent than real use. The real deterrence is that you have the strength to attack them. Therefore, we must have the ability to directly strike atomic bombs. At present For the current situation, there is only one most suitable method, and that is to attach an atomic bomb to the missile. Therefore, the next task of the 'Great Wall Committee' is the 'combination of two bombs' project."

Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang looked at each other.

Although both of them are nuclear physicists and atomic physicists, they are the world's top scientists after all.I have heard about missiles.Because of the rocket project, the rise time is not short.

As early as the 20s, there was a boom in rocket research in the United States and Germany.Many top scientists in aerodynamics have spontaneously organized rocket research groups to study missile projects.Both Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang are physicists, and they also learned about basic physics when they were studying basic physics in their early years.

However, rocket research has always been a private passion, and there is not much government investment.

The first large government investment that became a military project was Germany.However, the German army did not pay much attention to it in the early days, but as the missile project became more and more effective, and Hitler became interested in this missile project, the development of Germany's missile business was on a high-speed channel.Because both the German Army and Air Force began to invest in this project.

Therefore, both Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang knew about the missile project.

The two admired Duan Xun's judgments in cutting-edge science.After all, when the nuclear physics community in the world did not fully confirm the situation of nuclear fission, Duan Xun dared to invest huge sums of money to invite Professor Meitner, and let her be fully responsible for the establishment of the Beijing Institute of Atomics.This is also China's first atomic research institute, which has trained a large number of atomic physicists for China over the years.At that time, Duan Xun directly told Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang about his confidence in nuclear fission.

It worked.

Moreover, as soon as Professor Meitner's laboratory produced results, Duan Xun promoted the atomic bomb project.Now that China's atomic bomb has succeeded, it proves Duan Xun's forward-looking vision.This made the two of them admire Duan Xun very much.

If Duan Xun was a technician, they wouldn't say anything.But Duan Xun was in the military academy since he was a child, and he always led soldiers to fight.It is precisely because Duan Xun is not an authentic scientific and technical personnel that Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang admire him.

Zhao Zhongyao asked directly: "I agree with the chairman's idea of ​​putting an atomic bomb on a missile. But at this stage, I don't think the project of 'combining two bombs' is suitable. Although I am not a rocket expert, Experts, but I still know some things. At present, there are not many breakthroughs in rocket research in the world. As far as I know, the highest range of the world's top heavy artillery is more than 20 kilometers, nearly 30 kilometers. Most of the current rocket projects are not as good as these cannons in flight mileage, and even if they occasionally exceed the cannons, the accuracy is still much worse."

"Ha ha."

Duan Xun smiled.

Turning to Liu Xiang, he said, "Fucheng (Liu Xiang), tell everyone about the current development of missiles in the world."

"Yes."

Liu Xiang nodded and said to Zhao Zhongyao: "Professor Zhao, your information has long been outdated. War is the biggest driving force to promote the development of science and technology. Every time a war breaks out, it will promote the development of science and technology, especially military technology. Just Just like in World War I, a large number of fighter planes began to appear on the battlefield, and tanks and aircraft carriers also officially debuted. This world war is even bigger than World War I, and the technological strength of each country is stronger than that of 30 years ago. Needless to say, the industrial strength is much stronger than 30 years ago. Therefore, more funds can be invested in various new weapons, and more scientific and technological talents are involved. Originally, the rocket project was only initiated by some aerodynamic experts. However, there is a lack of funds and talents. But after the outbreak of World War II, the situation is completely different. The rocket project is not only a project for scientists, but has become a project supported by the state. Because the rocket project is no longer a The tool that scientists want to explore space has become a weapon. Just as we think about how to hang atomic bombs on missiles, those countries think about how to hang their bombs on missiles to become a lethal force. More powerful weapons. Because of this, the current missile project has received strong support from the military. As a result, the current missile project in the world is developing rapidly, especially Germany, which attaches the most importance to this project. According to the information we have so far, the German missile has been completed The test of more than 200 kilometers has been carried out, and it has been successful, with a maximum firing range of 250 kilometers. As long as it goes through a period of tests, it will be put into war."

"More than 200 kilometers?"

Zhao Zhongyao was very surprised.

More than 200 kilometers, if the current rocket can really fly so far, then it is really a leap forward.When some scientists predict artificial satellites, they think that as long as the rocket flies to about 130 kilometers to 160 kilometers, they can successfully launch artificial satellites.

Zhao Zhongyao did not expect the rocket project to have developed to such a point.

So he couldn't help but said: "Chairman, what about our country's rocket project? I know that Professor Zhou Peiyuan established the 'Space Research Institute', which mainly studies rocket projects. Many professors of aerodynamics have participated in this research institute."

China's current rocket project was established under the leadership of Professor Zhou Peiyuan, a leader in solid-state physics in China, as well as a leader in research on relativity and quantum mechanics in China.There are many professors in this field in Chinese universities, and a large number of them participate in this research institute.Many professors of aerodynamics from Europe and America also participated in this project.This is something Zhao Zhongyao knows.

"Professor Zhao, our country's missile project is under the responsibility of the military on the side of the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Commission. As for Professor Zhou Peiyuan's 'Space Research Institute', we deliberately established it to obtain more knowledge from experts and professors. As for our current Let Director Liu (Liu Xiang) report to what extent the missile project has developed."

There are two ways to walk.

In order to develop China's missile industry, one is that the military studies "missiles" for the purpose of making weapons.On the other hand, let Professor Zhou Peiyuan use his prestige to set up a "Space Research Institute" to bring together those European and American aerodynamic experts.To develop space, to develop artificial satellites, to promote rocket projects.When the military's missile team encounters some difficult technical problems, they will quietly send them to the "Space Research Institute", and let the experts and professors here also participate in the solution.After all, there are currently many professors of aerodynamics at Tsinghua University, many of whom are assistants of Professor von Karman.It would be a waste not to use their knowledge.

Liu Xiang immediately said: "Our country's missile project started in cooperation with Germany. Because when Germany's missile project was developed, it was a private project, so it lacked funds. At that time we had a lot of cooperation with Germany, and the chairman insisted on It cooperated with the German rocket project at that time. Therefore, the results of the early German rocket project were shared by China and Germany. It is precisely this kind of cooperation that laid the foundation for China's missile project and cultivated many talents in this field. It is also on this basis that we have developed our own "Long Sword Series" missiles. Our "Long Sword 3" missiles completed a 4-kilometer flight in April. Our missile development team, the next goal is to develop The 'Long Sword 170' with a range of 250 kilometers to 300 kilometers."

Duan Xun sat on it very proudly.

China's missile program is going relatively smoothly.Because the basis is cooperation with Germany, China is not bad on the basis of the missile project.Of course, compared with European and American countries, China's talent pool is not enough.However, compared with European and American countries, China has not participated in the Second World War and can invest more funds in this project. In April, the test of "Long Sword III" was completed.

"Chairman, I have no detailed research on the 'combination of two bombs', but I can be sure that it is not easy. Our atomic bomb is currently too heavy, which will lead to insufficient thrust of the missile. And to complete the 'combination of two bombs', just Our 'Great Wall Project' can't work, we need experts in missiles."

"There is no problem. What I mean is to formally merge the 'missile project team' under the COSTIND into the 'Great Wall Planning Committee'. The specific situation should be discussed with the National Defense CAST and the 'Great Wall Planning Committee'."

"Yes."

"Yes."

Liu Xiang and Zhao Zhongyao all nodded.

"I'm talking about the third aspect, the research on the hydrogen bomb."

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"Let me talk about the third aspect, the research on the hydrogen bomb."

Everyone looked at Duan Xun.

Because everyone has never heard of the "hydrogen bomb" Duan Xun mentioned, and they have no idea what it is.On the contrary, Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang were thoughtful, immediately put down the pens in their hands, and looked up at Duan Xun.The research on the atomic bomb this time was a great exercise for both Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang.Many things that they had never thought about were encountered and solved by them during this study.

Even because this is a military project, and both of them are one of the heads of the "Great Wall Planning Committee".Therefore, both of them currently have military ranks in the army, both have the rank of major general, and they can still get a salary in the military.

Thoughts have also begun to change.

If both of them were just scientists before, they would look at problems from the perspective of scientists.Then after this period of time, their thinking unconsciously considered from the perspective of the army.With the emergence of many new technologies, they will consider weapons.

Duan Xun just said "hydrogen bomb", and the two of them had some rough judgments.

"Our atomic bomb is based on the theory of nuclear fission. But in addition to nuclear fission, there is also a nuclear fusion in the atomic world. Professor Zhao (Zhao Zhongyao), am I right?"

"Correct."

Zhao Zhongyao nodded.

Although Duan Xun surprised him every time, it was the same this time.When the "hydrogen bomb" was proposed, Zhao Zhongyao had already thought of it.But when Duan Xun said it himself, Zhao Zhongyao was also surprised.Because Duan Xun even knows about nuclear fusion, he must understand some of the principles in it. If not, he would not have proposed the "hydrogen bomb" research at this time.

"Professor Zhao, please tell everyone what nuclear fusion is, so that everyone can understand nuclear fusion."

"Yes."

Zhao Zhongyao nodded, then stood up and walked to the blackboard in front of him.Immediately began to draw something, and then explained: "When the two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (dao) and tritium (chuan) nuclei are very close, when they reach a critical point, they will become a helium (hai) nucleus and A neutron."

"Professor Zhao, don't make it so complicated. We don't understand those isotopes. You just talk about the basic principles."

Duan Xun interrupted Zhao Zhongyao's words.

The names of those atoms are not understood by those present here.Although these people here have also studied a lot and learned a lot, they are not physicists or chemists after all, so they don't know much about these things.Zhao Zhongyao nodded, understanding what Duan Xun meant.Therefore, these professional terms were immediately removed and explained: "In simple terms, the so-called nuclear fusion is the fusion of light atomic nuclei into heavy atomic nuclei, and the mass of the atomic nuclei will decrease during the fusion process. According to the mass-energy equation, the reduced mass It will become energy. And the energy released by nuclear fusion far exceeds the energy of nuclear fission.”

"Professor Zhao, what do you mean, once we use nuclear fusion to make a bomb, the power of the explosion will far exceed the atomic bomb we made by nuclear fission?"

Li Jishen immediately asked Zhao Zhongyao a question.

Li Jishen understood what Zhao Zhongyao meant.Nuclear fission means the splitting of one atomic nucleus into two atomic nuclei. When splitting, the mass is reduced and a burst of energy is released.And nuclear fusion means that two atomic nuclei fuse into one atomic nucleus, and the total mass of the atomic nucleus after fusion is also reduced, so energy will also explode.And there is a gap between these energies.