Beiyang reactionaries

"The sixth railway is placed in the southeast. The Yingxia railway will be built from Yingtan, Jiangxi to Xiamen, Fujian. The traffic situation in the southeastern coastal areas will be changed."

"Before the second five-year plan, the Ministry of Railways had two railways under construction, one was the Shanghai-Kunming Railway (Shanghai to Kunming), and the other was the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway (Lanzhou to Alashankou, Xinjiang). The six new railways , with a total mileage of 4200 kilometers. In addition to the construction of the Shanghai-Kunming Railway and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, in the second five-year plan, the Ministry of Railways will build about 1000 kilometers of railways every year.”

Infrastructure is the most basic thing for big investment.

As long as there is a large amount of water release and large investment, infrastructure must be launched.The railway is something that must be mentioned in the infrastructure.The second five-year plan newly planned six railways with a total mileage of 4200 kilometers.

For the railway project alone, the amount of steel required is more than 100 million tons.And the wood needed is also massive.Nearly 2000 wooden sleepers are needed for one kilometer of railway, and nearly ten million wooden sleepers are needed for more than 4000 kilometers.

This is the leading role of infrastructure.

"In addition to these six railways, four urban expansion projects have been approved by the Development Commission."

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"The Economic and Development Commission also approved four urban expansion projects."

City expansion.

It's been going on.Otherwise, China started from the Opium War and the urban population gradually increased, how could it be possible to live there.Since the Opium Wars, Chinese cities have been expanding.

This decade is even more so.

The urban population is expanding rapidly. In order to adapt to the increase of the urban population, the city has been expanding.Under normal circumstances, urban expansion is self-development.Many people who entered the city built simple houses on the outskirts of the city because they could not find a place to live.This will also allow the city to expand.

Compared with these, many of them are planned by the city itself.Some cities see the increase in population, so they plan their own plans to increase the urban area.

And those that need to be approved by the Development Committee are really big cities and real big expansions.It is not the simple design and expansion of ordinary cities, but the large expansion of big cities.Only such projects require too much investment, so they need the support of the Economic and Development Committee.

Just like when Shanghai was undergoing a large-scale expansion, the Shanghai Municipal Government invested a lot of funds from the central government, supported by banks, and introduced a large amount of private funds to complete the expansion of Shanghai.

The expansion of a big city requires not millions or tens of millions, but hundreds of millions and billions of dollars.

"Prime Minister, the first is the expansion project of Beijing. In 1920, the population of Beijing was about 80, but according to the statistics in 1927, the population of Beijing was already 330 million. It increased by 250 million within seven years. In 1928 And in 1929, the population of Beijing has also been increasing. According to the survey data of the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau and the Police Bureau, the population of Beijing has increased by about 50 in the past two years, and the annual population increase is more than 20.”

Urban populations skyrocketed.

In China, it is most obvious in Beijing and Shanghai.Shanghai's population boom is due to Shanghai's economic development.The location of Shanghai is so good that so much trade passes through Shanghai.

Say nothing else.

The coal in the north alone is sold in the southern and central cities, all relying on Shanghai.Northeast coal departs from Dalian and ships to Shanghai.The same is true for Kailuan Coal Mine, which ships from Tianjin to Shanghai.After arriving in Shanghai, there are coal dealers in Shanghai, and they will sell the coal to the cities in the Yangtze River Delta.

This is true even in other provinces.Shanghai can dissipate these coals by using their developed land and shipping.

The same goes for others.In a lot of international trade, things are first shipped to Shanghai.Then sell to other trading companies in Shanghai.With such an effect alone, it is impossible for Shanghai's economy not to develop.

Not to mention, Shanghai is still an industrial city.

Although it is not comparable to heavy industrial cities like Wuhan and Chongqing, Shanghai does not mean that there is no heavy industry.Because of the importance of Shanghai in the early years, there were many machinery factories in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty.

For example, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau is currently divided into Jiangnan Shipyard and Jiangnan Arsenal.

Both are government key factories.Needless to say, Jiangnan Arsenal, Jiangnan Shipyard is currently the largest shipyard in China.The scale and technical strength surpass those of Wuhan Shipyard and Dalian Shipyard.

The Wuhan Shipyard was jointly established by China and the United Kingdom. The Dalian Shipyard was established by Japan in the early years. Later, China recovered the Kanto State and became a Chinese shipyard.In comparison, Jiangnan Shipyard has a long history, strong strength, and very strong technical force.Therefore, China's first aircraft carrier was completed at the Jiangnan Shipyard under the guidance of the British.

Because of such a large factory, Shanghai's heavy industry is not too bad.After all, such a large factory is here, and there are not too few other supporting factories.

As for the light industry, it is China's undisputed number one.

Here are China's largest textile factory, the largest cement factory, the largest glass factory, the largest flour mill, the largest oil mill, the largest paper mill, the largest match factory, and the largest garment factory.Anyway, the largest companies in China's light industry are basically located in Shanghai.The increase in Shanghai's population is the result of this development.

But Beijing is completely different.

Beijing's industry is not as good as that of Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, or even Tianjin and Qingdao.From an economic point of view, Beijing is not as good as those big cities.But Beijing is the political center of China after all, the capital of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties.After the founding of the Republic of China, it was also the capital.

After Duan Xun entered Beijing, a large number of institutions followed Duan Xun to Beijing.The increase of major institutions and the development of major colleges and universities in Beijing are attracting a large number of people.

This is purely political.

But it is also impossible.The central government entered Beijing, followed by a large number of government officials.In addition, their family members also followed to Beijing, and a large number of people will enter Beijing in no time.The increase in these populations definitely requires more supplies, and it is also promoting the development of Beijing's business.In this way, more people will come to Beijing to do business.

Therefore, in 1930, the population of Beijing was almost 400 million.In terms of population size, the development speed of Beijing and Shanghai is comparable, and they are all super cities in China at present.

"Prime Minister, this is the map of Beijing's expansion. With reference to the growth rate of Beijing's population, the area of ​​Beijing's expansion this time is about 500 square kilometers. According to the Beijing Municipal Government's own calculations, this expansion requires at least 2000 million tons of steel, [-] [-] tons of cement. Because the Beijing Municipal Government decided that during this expansion, some buildings will use reinforced concrete structures to build a batch of five or six-story buildings, as well as some iconic ten-story buildings. Because only a part of them uses steel bars Concrete structures, if all of them are used, the number will be even more astonishing."

"kindness."

Infrastructure, infrastructure.

Among the infrastructure, the most expensive steel and concrete are actually highways and urban construction.Compared with urban construction, the steel bars used in railway construction are pitifully small.

Look at a city expansion in Beijing, and only a small part of it uses reinforced concrete structures, so much steel and cement are needed.

At present, China's annual crude steel output is only so much, and the crude steel output in 1929 was only 930 million tons.An expansion of Beijing requires at least 500 million tons.

And cement production.

Because China has developed rapidly in recent years, cement production has also developed rapidly.But at present, there are only more than 20 cement factories in the country, and the annual cement production capacity is less than 500 million tons.But what does the Beijing expansion plan designated by the Beijing government say?Beijing expansion needs 1000 million tons of cement?

"continue."

"The remaining cities approved by the Development Committee are Harbin, Shenyang, and Chongqing. The population of Northeast China has increased rapidly in recent years. From more than 2000 million people ten years ago, the population of Northeast China has now reached 5000 million. It has also created the Northeast The population of several major cities in China has increased significantly. The population of Shenyang, Harbin, Changchun, and Dalian has exceeded one million. Now the population of Qiqihar, Anshan, and Jilin is also growing rapidly. Therefore, in the approved urban expansion, Harbin and Shenyang are the key points. In 1920, the population of Harbin was roughly 40, but in 1927, the population of Harbin was 130 million. The data reported by Harbin last year was that Harbin had 170 million People, surpassing Changchun and Shenyang to become the largest city in Northeast China. Judging from the current situation, Harbin’s position in the Northeast is becoming more and more important. In particular, the schools and factories under the Northeast Construction Corps are established in Harbin, and in Saar The discovery of oil will cause the population of Harbin to increase rapidly in the future. According to the judgment of the Bureau of Statistics, it is certain that the population of Harbin will increase by one million within the next five years. Therefore, the expansion of Harbin needs to be expanded by [-] square kilometers. "

"Shenyang is the transportation center of Northeast China. It is a big central city that both the Beijing-Harbin Railway and the Zhongchang Railway pass through. In addition, the development of Fengtian Heavy Industry in recent years has made Shenyang's position in the Northeast more and more important. Therefore, the population of Shenyang It is also rising sharply. The current statistical population of Shenyang is about 140 million. It has surpassed Changchun to become the second largest city in Northeast China. Moreover, the goods exported from Northeast China, including the coal and iron ore from Fengtian, must be collected in Shenyang before they can be shipped out. Therefore, Shenyang has become the largest transit station city in Northeast China, and the number of people continues to increase. Moreover, the Economic and Development Commission will have some large projects to settle in Shenyang, so Shenyang needs to re-plan and expand the scale. For the expansion of Shenyang, the plan is 300 square kilometers."

"Then there is Chongqing. Needless to say, Chongqing is a heavy industrial city in China. In recent years, there have been more and more factories. Some factories have been expanding, and the population has been increasing. At present, Chongqing's population is the largest in China, second only to The three cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan. According to the current situation in Chongqing, there is even no more vacant space for industrial development. The Military Equipment Department wanted to set up an aircraft manufacturing plant in Chongqing, and finally found a place in the suburbs. But that The place does not have anything, such as transportation, electricity, telephone, and running water. It seriously hinders the plan of the Equipment Department. In fact, Chongqing has been expanding over the years, but if there is no large-scale expansion, the space is not enough. Therefore, this Once, Chongqing was also selected by the Economic and Development Commission into the city expansion list, with an expansion plan of 300 square kilometers.”

"Beijing, Harbin, Shenyang, Chongqing, the city expansion plans approved by the four cities cover an area of ​​2000 square kilometers. The consumption of steel needs to be at least 1000 million tons, and cement is 2000 million tons. This is still a very conservative data. Apart from these , the expansion of the city also requires the development of roads, electrical equipment, water supply equipment, telephone lines, and sewers. If you count them all, the expansion of the city will consume more steel, as well as the laying of electric wires and telephone lines. copper, the amount would be staggering."

"Currently, the Economic and Development Commission has restrictions on urban expansion. Each city's annual expansion area exceeds 10 square kilometers, and it must be approved by the Economic and Development Commission. Therefore, small-scale expansions in some cities have always existed. Including Beijing these years have been In expanding the scale of the city, the annual expansion area is about 8 square kilometers. Once the development committee approves the urban expansion plans of these four cities, many other cities will definitely follow suit. Like Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Dalian Cities such as Changchun and Changchun also proposed large-scale expansion plans this time, but the Economic and Development Commission did not think they were urgent, so they did not approve. Although the Economic and Development Commission did not approve, they will definitely play the sidelines when the time comes, so that In the next five years, the expansion scale of these large and medium-sized cities across the country may add up to about 9 square kilometers. This will consume a lot of things. According to this, it is easy for us to consume those resources that cannot be exported , but there are still many shortcomings.”

City expansion.

What a big release, the best project.

Duan Xun thought for a while and asked: "Prime Minister Liang (Liang Huankui), there is no problem with urban expansion. But what I want to ask is, after the urban expansion, can the expanded area really be sold or rented out? It cannot be just Invest, you can’t get back the investment.”

"Prime Minister, Premier Yan has the most experience in this area."

Liang Huankui pointed to Yan Huiqing.Yan Huiqing said: "Prime Minister, when it comes to urban expansion, I have experienced it in Shanghai. At that time, Shanghai's method was to support those small real estate companies to cooperate. In the end, ten large and medium-sized real estate development companies were formed, and only a few real estate development companies were given The business license gave them the right to participate in urban expansion. At that time, the Ministry of Finance and the Shanghai Municipal Government only provided about 5% of the funds for urban expansion, and most of the other funds were mainly private funds and bank loans. Government funds were mainly involved Government agencies and some public facilities have been built, and other commercial buildings and facilities are for these commercial companies to participate in. The Shanghai Municipal Government uses land as capital, converts shares in those commercial buildings and commercial facilities, and enjoys them with these commercial companies Subsequent results. The housing shortage in Shanghai, whether it is commercial real estate or residential real estate, is very tight. In addition, after the reduction of housing transaction procedures and costs, housing sales are still relatively active. After urban expansion, the extra commercial real estate and residential real estate There was no situation that the real estate could not be sold or rented out. Judging from the later situation, this kind of cooperation not only brought huge tax revenue to Shanghai, but also brought huge profits to the Shanghai Municipal Government. During the process of urban expansion, not only did the financial revenue of the Shanghai Municipal Government not be affected, but because of the urban expansion project, the annual tax revenue increased by about 100 million. After the urban expansion was completed, the annual fiscal revenue increased by about 3000 million due to the urban expansion. Moreover, the expansion of Shanghai has also created some powerful real estate development companies and a large number of industries related to infrastructure. They not only participated in the expansion of Shanghai, but also in the expansion of cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Great contribution."

"Shanghai's urban expansion method has also been learned by other cities in recent years. Therefore, at present, major cities in my country have large real estate companies supported by them. This time, the Economic and Development Commission plans to use this method for urban expansion. And We plan to invite real estate development companies with formal licenses across the country to participate. However, this time the Economic and Development Commission has a lot of investment, which will occupy a larger share than when Shanghai was expanding. But the overall thinking will not change , Still need to use a lot of private capital and bank funds. Local governments mainly use land as shares to join in urban expansion.”

Yan Huiqing immediately began to introduce his experience.

Shanghai's urban expansion has undoubtedly been a success.Not only tax revenue has been greatly increased, but also after urban expansion, housing sales and housing leasing, because the Shanghai Municipal Government has added land to those projects.Therefore, after the expansion of the city, the follow-up benefits are also divided into a large part.