Beiyang reactionaries

525

"Since 1924, 4700 kilometers of railway construction have been completed nationwide within five years, with an average annual construction of 940 kilometers. Among them, the railway mileage invested by the Ministry of Railways is 3600 kilometers, and the short-distance railways invested and constructed by local governments and private capital The mileage is 530 kilometers, and the remaining [-] kilometers are the railways laid by each unit. It is mainly the railways laid by the coal base for the transportation of coal. Some railways under construction are not included in the statistics.”

There are many types of railways currently being laid.

The affiliation is also different.

There are railways laid by the Ministry of Railways.These are all railways on the main artery of the country. These railways are invested and laid by the Ministry of Railways themselves.These arterial railways will not be handed over to others to lay them casually.

In addition to the railways invested and constructed by the Ministry of Railways, there are also some short-distance railways invested by local governments and private capital.These railways are mainly laid by some provincial governments to connect two cities in the province.Because I want to wait for the investment from the Ministry of Railways, I don't know the Year of the Monkey.After all, the Ministry of Railways invests in big projects.

But local governments can't wait.

Then they will cooperate with private capital to lay some short-distance railways between cities.This also allows some private capital that cannot find investment to have an investment field.

In addition to these, it is mainly the railways laid by the mines themselves.

Almost all mining farms, in order to transport their own minerals out, have their own railways laid.Especially those large coal plants have their own exclusive railway lines.

"By 1928, the main artery of my country's railway foundation had almost been completed. With Beijing as the center, we had completed the Beijing-Harbin Railway (Beijing to Harbin), the Jinglun Railway (Beijing to Kulun), the Beijing-Baotou Railway (Beijing to Baotou), the Beijing Shanghai Railway (Beijing to Shanghai), Beijing-Guangzhou Railway (Beijing to Guangzhou).”

"Then with Wuhan as the center, the Beijing-Han Railway (Beijing to Wuhan, the northern section of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway), the Guangdong-Han Railway (Wuhan to Guangzhou, the southern section of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway), the Shanghai-Han Railway (Shanghai to Wuhan), the Sichuan Han Railway (Sichuan to Chengdu).”

"There are still several major railway arteries in our country. Including the middle-length railway (Harbin to Dalian) running through the north-south line of the three eastern provinces, the Longhai Railway (Lianyungang to Lanzhou) running across my country's east and west, and the Xianggui Railway running through Hunan and Guangxi (starting from Hengyang to Nanning)."

"In addition to these major arteries, there are also some important regional railways. For example, the Baocheng Railway (Chengdu to Baoji) connecting Sichuan and Shaanxi, the Chengdu-Kunming Railway (Chengdu to Kunming) connecting Sichuan and Yunnan, and the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Railway in Shanxi (Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan, also known as Zhengtai Railway). Many of these railways are interconnected and have become the main railway of our country.”

With the introduction of Yu Youren, who is in charge of transportation, the current railway situation in China is displayed in front of everyone.

In fact, speaking from a large perspective, China's current railway situation is two vertical and two horizontal.One is the combination of the Beijing-Harbin Railway and the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, which is the railway from Harbin to Guangzhou, connecting the entire north and south of China.One is the combination of the Beijing-Harbin Railway and the Beijing-Shanghai Railway, which runs directly from Harbin to Shanghai.This railway starts from the northeast, passes along the coastline through Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and finally to Shanghai.It is currently the most important two-vertical railway in China.

As for the Jinglun Railway above, in fact, it doesn't have much effect from an economic point of view, and there are no too important cities along the line.But the reason for building this railway is to control Outer Mongolia.With the Jinglun Railway, China's ability to control Outer Mongolia has been greatly enhanced.Then there is the Beijing-Baotou Railway, which is mainly for the resources of the Baotou area, so the railway was opened.It is completely incomparable with the Beijing-Harbin Railway.

Then there are two horizontal lines.

One is the Longhai Railway, which was built directly from Lianyungang to Lanzhou, Gansu, almost running through the entire east and west lines of China.From Jiangsu, through Henan, into Shaanxi, and finally into Gansu.

The other is the Sichuan-Han Railway, which connects Sichuan and Hubei.Although it is not as far as the Longhai Railway, it is no less important than the Longhai Railway.Because Sichuan and Hubei are the two most important provinces in this era, and they are the two largest industrial provinces in China.Moreover, Hubei is the core province in central China, and Sichuan is the core province in southwest China.Connecting two provinces is equivalent to connecting the central region and the southwestern region.

"In addition to these completed railways, there are two major railway arteries currently under construction. One is the Shanghai-Kunming Railway (Shanghai to Kunming), and the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway Section (Shanghai to Hangzhou) and the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway Section have been completed. (Hangzhou to Pingxiang, Jiangxi). It’s just that the construction of the Hunan-Guizhou Railway Section (Xiangtan to Guiyang) and the Guiyang-Kunming Railway Section (Guiyang to Kunming) is too difficult. There are too many tunnels to be dug and too many bridges to be built, so they have not yet been completed. But on the whole, 80% of the Shanghai-Kunming railway has been completed. As long as the Hunan-Guizhou railway section and the Guizhou-Kunming railway section are completed, China will add a major artery starting from Shanghai and passing through Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, and Yunnan."

"There is also the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway (Lanzhou to Xinjiang), which is the railway from the Longhai Railway to Xinjiang. At present, this railway has been repaired to Jiuquan, but the construction of the Xinjiang section is too difficult and takes time."

"If we complete the Shanghai-Kunming Railway and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, then my country's railway arteries will be relatively complete. Future railway construction plans will be carried out around these railway arteries."

Duan Xun nodded repeatedly.

Although China's railways are still in an underdeveloped state, the basic trunk line has already taken shape.As long as the future railway plans revolve around these main railway lines, there will be no major problems.The completion of the main railway line will be of great benefit to the central control of localities.

Very good.

Many other people also nodded.

Compared with the fact that 80% of the railways in the late Qing Dynasty were in the hands of foreigners, the rights and interests of China's railways have now been taken back.All important railways are controlled by the Ministry of Railways, and the remaining branch lines are controlled by local governments and private capital.Moreover, the speed of railway construction is not slow at all, and the results are remarkable.

After Yu Youren introduced the railway construction, he continued: "Next, let's talk about the mileage of roads. Since 1924, the mileage of roads paved across the country has reached 37 kilometers. Among them, the mileage of roads invested by the Ministry of Communications is 11.7 kilometers. The mileage of highways invested and constructed by the government is 5.1 kilometers, the mileage of highways built by the county governments is 18.9 kilometers, and the mileage of highways built by donations is 1.4 kilometers. So far, the total mileage of roads in China has reached 51 kilometers. These roads are Roads that at least meet the third-level standards formulated by the Ministry of Communications are all roads that allow trucks to pass. The future plan of the Ministry of Communications is that all counties across the country can have roads that meet the third-level standards of the Ministry of Communications. Railways cannot fully meet the transportation requirements. When required, use roads to connect them all, and use roads to make up for what the railways cannot take care of.”

The Ministry of Communications has developed a series of standards.

Starting from special grade standard, first grade standard, second grade standard, third grade standard.The third-class standard road is relatively low in many aspects, and it is actually a dusty dirt road.However, compared with the previous roads, this kind of road is already much better.The paved roads are mainly such dirt roads.

The really better concrete roads are all paved in big cities.If cement roads or asphalt roads were used for roads across the country, China's finances would have gone bankrupt long ago.

"Let's talk about the General Post Office. By 1928, the General Post Office had branch offices in all counties across the country without any omissions. In 1928, the General Post Office completed 1.2 million letters and goods transportation across the country. Compared with 1927, it has increased by 20%. The plan of the General Post Office is to set up post offices in all townships and towns across the country within ten years. However, at present, my country’s postal services are developing very slowly due to the lack of means of transportation. Therefore The Postal Service started the new year with a focus on strengthening their transport capacity. Prepare to increase transport vehicles."

"And by 1928, the General Post Office had established 27 telegraph offices across the country, and cities above about 160 counties in the country could send and receive telegrams. Moreover, three international telegraph offices were established in Beijing, Harbin, and Shanghai. The three cities could directly send and receive telegrams. To send and receive telegrams abroad."

The Postal Service is a big spender, but it's also a big earner.

Mailing things in this era is not cheap, and a letter is affixed with different stamps according to the distance.Stamp prices vary from one penny to one dime.A letter is so, the price of mailing something is more expensive.The price will vary according to the weight of the mailed item.The General Post Office earns more than 2000 million yuan every year just by mailing envelopes and goods.

And if you want to send and receive telegrams, it is even more expensive.In addition to international telegrams, domestic telegrams are mainly calculated according to the number of words.So now when writing telegrams, we need as few words as possible.But even if the number of words is small, the price of sending and receiving a telegram is very expensive.Therefore, the annual income of the Postal Service is very high.But at the same time, the General Post Office needs to spend a lot of money for development.

Setting up post offices, using trucks to deliver things, and distributing bicycles to those postmen is a lot of money.Let's talk about the telegraph office, how much it will cost for signals, machinery and equipment, and training telegraph personnel.Moreover, the General Post Office is currently in charge of telephone construction, and telephone lines and telephones also need to be invested.

Therefore, the General Post Office is a typical department that earns a lot of money and spends a lot of money.

“1928年民航总局总共新批准了五家航空公司的运营牌照，至此我国共有8家航空公司。这8家航空公司的所有民用飞机加起来总共46架。其中客机37架，货机9架。年旅客运输量达到了12000人，运输总周转量为240吨公里。相比起1927年，年旅客运输量增和运输总周转量都增加了三倍，发展速度很快。1928年民用航空市场的发展很是不错。”

“为了满足这些航空公司的发展，1928年全国建设了11个民用飞机场。分别是北京、哈尔滨、沈阳、天津、青岛、上海、武汉、广州、重庆、西安、成都11个城市。而且1928年年末这八家航空公司已经跟民航总局新申请了7条航空线路，以及准备新购9架飞机。”

"The result of the meeting between the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Railways is that the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Railways mainly invest in the main arteries, and hand over the branch railways and roads to local governments and private capital for investment. Relax the approval of the construction of those branch railways and roads, so that for the railway Construction and road construction will be huge supplements. The Civil Aviation Administration of China will do a good job in management, supervision and guidance, and the right to develop the civil aviation market will be handed over to local governments and airlines, allowing them to develop the current Chinese aviation market.”

These cabinet members are in charge of many departments. After they stood up and reported the specific situation, they also reported their thoughts.If today's cabinet meeting agrees with their ideas, they will come up with a formal plan.Then it is passed in the cabinet committee meeting and becomes their next job.

"Proportion must be properly grasped. The investment and construction of the main transportation artery that is related to the country's political, military, and economic security must be in our own hands. However, some branch line construction can indeed be delegated to the lower levels. Let local governments and private capital actively enter. In this way It can speed up the construction of our country's transportation, and can also increase the economic vitality of the local area."

"Yes."

"Let's continue the meeting."

526

In 1929, before the presidential election, the cabinet was already meeting frequently.Because 1928 was the last year of the first five-year plan, each department reported the final data of the first five-year plan.Because it is the first time to formulate a five-year plan, there are many unfamiliar places.

After five years, everyone gradually became familiar with this situation.Each department first reports the data, then compares it with the plan formulated five years ago, and finally discusses the gains and losses in the five-year plan.

Of course, there are more singing voices.

There are those who praise themselves, and those who say the central government is wise, which certainly includes the praise of Duan Xun.But this is also understandable.After all, everyone had no experience in the first five-year plan, but the results were obviously very good.Most of the original plan has been completed.Not only is it done, but the data looks pretty good too.

Several data representing the industry are extremely good.

For example, coal production, steel production, and railway construction, road construction, and electric power construction all want to be good.If you just look at these data, China has already surpassed a lot of original powers.Even with these data, China has already surpassed its neighbor Japan.

Of course, this data is somewhat deceptive.

Because China is too big.Such as electricity data, China now has more than 50 billion kWh, which seems to be a lot.But in fact, this has something to do with China's large land area and large population.In terms of the degree of industrialization, China is far behind those great powers.

But in any case, those data are good-looking.The output of coal is the second in the world, and the output of steel is the sixth in the world. It is reasonable to tell anyone.

Moreover, during this period of time, government agencies have also become more and more perfect, and the control power of government agencies has also become stronger and stronger.

In particular, the establishment of the Bureau of Statistics and Investigation has been completed from top to bottom. Every county in the country has a Bureau of Statistics and Investigation.This is the most worthy of capital close-up thing.Because with the improvement of the Bureau of Statistics and Investigation, the central government has become more and more aware of the situation in China.In the past, the central government was not aware of many situations, but the perfect organization of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics has allowed the central government to directly understand the situation in the counties below.

As well as the emergence of strict household registration files and accurate statistics of population data, the central government has a more and more detailed understanding of the whole country.This has huge benefits for the government to make some decisions.

And there has been no problem with agriculture, which has been worrying.