Beiyang reactionaries

In September 1927, the two-year census finally came to an end.Zhang Jiaao, director of the Economic Development Planning Commission, assistant to Vice Premier Wang Yongjiang, and director of the Survey and Statistics Bureau, brought Yu Zhongying, who was in charge of the census, to the cabinet committee meeting.

Zhang Jiaao, as the assistant to the director of the Economic Development Planning Commission, and as Wang Yongjiang's direct cadre, often participates in cabinet meetings.From being the president of the Bank of China to later serving as the director of the Bureau of Survey and Statistics, and now becoming an important member of the Planning and Development Committee, Zhang Jiaao has seen the world.But Yu Zhongying is the first time to participate in the cabinet meeting.

A little nervous.

After all, Yu Zhongying is only 28 years old now.If he hadn't joined the work early, he encountered the Revolution of 12 when he was in the military academy at the age of [-], so he joined the army very early, and he wouldn't be at this meeting at such a young age.

Many people here Yu Zhongying has met or heard of before.But it is the first time to participate in such a meeting.It is important not only to attend the conference, but also to be the main speaker.

"Yes."

Standing in front of so many big shots, Yu Zhongying kept cheering herself up.Then he said in a slow tone: "What is placed in front of the leaders is the data of this census. Among these data are the specific population numbers of each province and city in our country. There are also the population births of each province in the past few years. death and outflow. It’s just that the population flow in some provinces and cities in my country has been relatively serious in the past few years, so there will be some changes all the time.”

"Let me start with the whole. According to the results of this census, the current population of our country is 6 people. However, this is our first census. Although our Bureau of Statistics cooperates with the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the police However, there is no experience after all, and the statistics in some rural areas of our country are not very accurate, so the actual situation will have some errors with these data. Therefore, I think some of the latter data can be ignored. That is to say, at present my country's population is around 3342 million."

The population growth rate is fast in peacetime.

And not only because of the peaceful era, but also because of the development of the Northeast in recent years, and the reclaiming of some formerly abandoned cultivated land, which has brought about an increase in the total grain output.Since Duan Xun entered Beijing, in the past seven years, the country's total grain output has increased by tens of billions of catties.That's why population growth of this magnitude was possible.

If the population growth alone did not increase food production, people would have starved to death long ago.

But this data still makes everyone take a deep breath.Although you have thought that China's population should be around 3000 million, when you actually hear that China's population is now [-] million, you are still very serious.

Population prosperity.

During the Guangxu period, the Manchu Qing court made a population statistics, and the population of China at that time was about 5000 million. In the past 20 years, China's population has increased by [-] million.No wonder Shao Lizi proposed that China should "family planning" because the population growth rate is too fast.

The current population is 3000 million. In 20 years, the population will be [-] to [-] million. It is not impossible to get a population of [-] billion.

"Next, let me talk about the population flow in recent years. I will start with the first type of population flow. The provinces with the largest population outflows in recent years are Sichuan, Henan and Shandong. The population of Sichuan and Henan provinces is mainly influx Entering Shaanxi and Gansu, the population of Shandong is going north to northeast. Because in recent years, the provinces that have provided the most cultivated land are Shaanxi, Gansu, and Northeast.”

"According to our survey of household registration in the past few years, the number of outflows from Sichuan in the past ten years has been close to ten million, and the number of outflows from Henan Province in the past ten years has been about 700 million. These people mainly flowed into Gansu and other provinces. Shaanxi. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was great chaos in the northwest, frequent wars and disasters. As a result, the populations of the two provinces declined rapidly. Gansu’s population reached more than 1500 million in the early days of Tongzhi, and Shaanxi’s population exceeded 1200 million in the same period. But in the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920 In 500), the population of Gansu was only 700 million, and the population of Shaanxi was only about [-] million.”

"However, as the situation in Gansu and Shaanxi stabilized, especially after the government re-stated the cultivated land in the two provinces, and the water conservancy facilities in the Guanzhong area were revised, the cultivated land area in the two provinces increased greatly. In addition, the government introduced a new land reclamation policy, attracting A large number of peasants entered Shaanxi and Gansu."

Shaanxi and Gansu have a lot of cultivated land.

According to current statistics, the number of cultivated land in Gansu is more than 7000 million mu, and that of Shaanxi is also more than 5000 million mu.And that's not all, it's not at an all-time high.When the two provinces had the most arable land in history, Gansu had more than 7000 million mu of arable land, and Shaanxi had more than 70 million mu of arable land.It was just because of the great chaos in the northwest and the many disasters that resulted in a lot of arable land in Gansu and Shaanxi being abandoned.After the year of [-], [-]% of the land became no man's land.

After Duan Xun took control of Gansu and Shaanxi, he didn't control anything.Those unowned lands may have owners, but the arable lands that have gone to other provinces and have no time to register are all registered as government arable land.In addition, when controlling Gansu and Shaanxi, many local wealthy families were cleaned up and a large amount of land was confiscated.Therefore, in these two provinces, the amount of cultivated land controlled by the government is about 90%.There is also the cultivated land that was reclaimed later, and the ownership belongs to the government.

Therefore, the cultivated land in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces is basically under the control of the government.

To attract the population, the two provinces have issued new land lease policies.It has attracted a large number of farmers from Sichuan and Henan.After all, they are given free land to cultivate, and the land rent is cheaper than renting the land of the landlord.

It can be said that the agricultural tax on the land controlled by the government is not cheap, and it is higher than the agricultural tax collected by the Manchu Qing government, which is twice the tax of the Manchu Qing government.But for farmers, it feels cheap and the burden is much reduced.

Because the government land, there is no landlord in the middle to collect money, it is directly taxed.Therefore, the current agricultural tax is obviously much higher than that collected by the Qing Dynasty, but the burden on farmers has been greatly reduced, and the government agricultural tax is many times that of the Qing Dynasty.Both the government and the peasants are happy, only the landlords who originally controlled the land are not happy.

"The population of Gansu is now around 1400 million, and the population of Shaanxi is also around 1300 million. Especially the population of Gansu has not returned to its original peak. Therefore, there are still a lot of people coming in from these two provinces. However, although the populations of Sichuan and Henan have always been They are flowing out, but their population has been increasing. Sichuan has lost nearly 7200 million people in the past ten years, but in this census, it still reached 200 million people, making it the most populous province in China. Sichuan currently has a population of more than There are three big cities with one million people. Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wanxian Special Economic Zone all have a population of more than one million. It also exceeded 4000 million. Then Shandong. In the past ten years, the population of Northeast China has increased by more than 1500 million, and 80% of the population is out of Shandong.”

"This is the first phenomenon of population migration. It is mainly because the government encourages population migration with arable land policies. They all move from provinces with large populations and insufficient arable land to provinces with relatively sufficient arable land. From our combination of arable land Judging from the situation, there will still be population inflows in Gansu and Shaanxi in the next few years. Based on the amount of arable land in the two provinces, they can still accommodate a population of more than 1000 million."

"Then there is the Northeast. The Northeast is the area with the most vacant cultivated land among the newly developed provinces. Judging from the current amount of cultivated land in the Northeast and the estimated future amount of cultivated land, the Northeast can accommodate more than 3000 million people."

"Judging from the current situation in our country, the first type of population flow is a situation encouraged and consciously guided by the government. It is also the most suitable mode of population flow. We have conducted investigations and believe that there is still a lot of room for resettlement in border areas. Such as Mongolia regions, Xinjiang, if the population is allocated reasonably, at least tens of millions of people can be resettled.”

Yu Zhongying will introduce the first kind of population flow.

This is encouraged by the government.

Because the population in the northern areas, especially the frontier areas, is small, the government encourages the flow of people to these areas to open up wasteland and develop agriculture.It is precisely for this reason that the population of Sichuan, Henan, and Shandong has flowed into these provinces.

The main reason is that there is more cultivated land and less land rent.

These places include Gansu and Shaanxi in the northeast and northwest, as well as Xinjiang and Mongolia, which have a large amount of arable land that can be developed.Needless to say, Northeast China, Gansu, and Shaanxi, even places like Outer Mongolia, where the environment is not very good, actually have arable land and can be cultivated.

The area with the best planting conditions in Outer Mongolia has more than 500 million mu according to statistics.Moreover, the population of Outer Mongolia is sparse, and the total population of the entire Outer Mongolia region is less than 40.And their traditional way is grazing, and they don't know how to farm at all.If Outer Mongolia is properly developed, it will be easy to accommodate millions of people, and it is even possible to feed tens of millions of people.Of course, in the environment of Outer Mongolia, if land reclamation and grazing are carried out blindly, it will easily lead to land desertification.

In comparison, Xinjiang has more arable land available for reclamation.

There are hundreds of millions of mu of land that can be reclaimed in Xinjiang, which can feed a larger population.The current population of Xinjiang is very small, less than 500 million.Therefore, it is a very suitable province for immigrants.

Immigrating tens of millions of people to these areas can not only greatly alleviate the population problem in the customs.It can also greatly enhance the control of the frontier, and can greatly increase food production.

"The second type of population flow is the migration of rural population to big cities. This phenomenon is more serious. In recent years, the urban population in China has expanded rapidly, and megacities have rapidly formed. Like Shanghai, the current population has exceeded 400 million, and the living conditions and security conditions , the traffic situation is very bad. But Shanghai is still the city with the largest and fastest population inflow. Other industrial cities such as Wuhan and Chongqing have a population growth rate that has exceeded 200 million. Now the population of the whole country is over There are more than ten cities with one million people. According to the current development, there will be more and more big cities with a population of over one million. This population flow, the Statistics Bureau believes that the government should guide it correctly. Because many disorderly population flows, for us It is not good to grasp the situation in rural areas. The pressure on public security in cities is even greater. Therefore, the Bureau of Statistics recommends that the government suppress this population flow by means of administrative orders.”

"En. For the data in this area, your Bureau of Statistics will prepare a detailed report, and also write down the opinions of your Bureau of Statistics. This issue needs to be discussed in the future, and the opinions of major cities must also be listened to."

Duan Xun nodded.

The increase of urban population has many advantages.But there are also many disadvantages, which bring great difficulties to government governance.In response to this problem, some rules should be introduced to prevent the disorderly and blind flow of population into the city.

"Yes."

"The third type of population flow is the outflow of our country's population. After the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), our country was politically stable and there were no wars. Therefore, the number of outflows from our country is not very obvious. However, in the past two years, in the southern part of our country, In particular, the outflow of population from Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan provinces has suddenly accelerated. In the past two years alone, according to the data obtained from the customs, there were 60 people out of China. This is only the statistics of the customs, and there are still many customs that cannot Statistical outflow population. Especially Yunnan and Guangxi, it is difficult to count the outflow population to French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) and Myanmar. So we contacted the Overseas Chinese Committee, and there We have contacted them and hope they can give us a figure. According to the figures from them, more than 20 people have flowed into French Indochina and Burma in the past two years. That is to say, in the past two years, the population of our country The outflow suddenly increased rapidly, and the provinces of Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan alone exceeded 80 people."

Yu Zhongying has been keeping a low profile for the past two years.

Because when he was at the Shanghai Police Station, he turned the Jiangnan area upside down and offended too many Jiangnan gentry classes.Self-cultivation and self-cultivation in the Bureau of Statistics and Statistics, and a period of silence here is a must.

Therefore, the work is done in great detail.

"From the perspective of going abroad, 95% of people have gone to the Southeast Asia region. And they mainly went to three places, one is the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), one is Malaysia, and the other is Thailand. Especially the Dutch Indochina The largest number, more than 30. According to reports, the current situation is that the Dutch value the Chinese in the Dutch East Indies, and they are guarding against the Chinese. Therefore, many Chinese businessmen are willing to use a large number of Chinese laborers to strengthen their own strength and fight against the Dutch. .”

Indeed a lot of work has been done.

The Chinese are a very hardworking nation, no matter where they go, they are the best employees.The Dutch ruled Indonesia and disliked the native Indonesians very much.On the contrary, they like the Chinese very much and think that the Chinese are very good.

Of course there is also the idea of ​​using minority groups to suppress major groups.But it also has something to do with the diligence and smartness of the Chinese.So that after the Dutch ruled Indonesia, the Chinese quickly gained privileges and wealth here.The Chinese are very smart, and they quickly amassed amazing wealth in Indonesia by taking advantage of the psychology of the Dutch.

When the East India Company conducted statistics in the Dutch East Indies, it discovered that half of the main merchants of the East India Company in the Dutch East Indies were Chinese businessmen.The rapid rise of Chinese businessmen surprised the Dutch.

Especially during World War I, the Chinese quickly gained dominance in the Indonesian economy.Then Chinese merchants began to compete with Dutch merchants.In the competition, Dutch businessmen dare not say that they are retreating step by step, but the situation is definitely not optimistic.Therefore, the Dutch began to abandon the original policy of supporting the Chinese, and instead began to restrict the development of Chinese businessmen everywhere.After the end of World War I, the Dutch even asked Chinese businessmen to pay back taxes in order to crack down on Chinese businessmen.

Chinese businessmen do not want to be caught without a fight.

Therefore, many Chinese businessmen are very willing to contact and maintain relations with China.Then like to bring in more Chinese to work in Indonesia, come and work with them.In addition to Chinese businessmen, those British and American businessmen also had a large number of factories and farms in Indonesia.They also like to hire Chinese laborers very much.

So Indonesia has become China's favorite country to work.In just two years, more than 30 Chinese people went south to Indonesia under the encouragement of the government.

The same goes for other countries.

Such as Thailand.

When Chinese go to Nanyang, they like to go to Thailand very much.Because the Chinese have a long history of going to Thailand and are deeply rooted in Thai society.Many big landlords in Thailand are Chinese, so they like to hire Chinese to work very much.

In fact, the population of the Nanyang region in this era is not large, and many countries are sparsely populated and have large tracts of wasteland.The Chinese are hardworking, as long as they are given a chance, they will be able to open up wasteland and develop agriculture there.After a few generations, they can become local landowners.