Beiyang reactionaries

"Chairman Su, so I hope that the National Workers' Federation will actively communicate with various ministries and commissions. Slowly introduce one policy after another to protect workers' rights and gradually improve the living conditions of workers. Workers also need to understand the government's policies. Some difficulties. I hope the National Workers' Union will be a bridge between the government and the workers."

"Yes."

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On February 1925, 2, Su Zhaozheng, chairman of the All-China Federation of Workers, announced that the purpose of the establishment of the All-China Federation of Workers was to protect the rights and interests of workers and support China's industrial development.

Immediately afterwards, he submitted a bill to the cabinet to protect the rights and interests of workers, and hoped that the cabinet would review it.

On February 1925, 2, the cabinet began to issue provisions on protecting workers' rights and interests one after another.The first clause is that the factory strictly prohibits beating and scolding workers.In particular, it is not allowed to abuse workers.Once it involves criminal matters, it will be handed over to the judicial department.

On February 1925, 2, the Cabinet announced the second adopted clause.The factory cannot owe wages and must deliver on time.Of course, every industry is different. Some industries are calculated on a daily basis, some industries are calculated on a monthly basis, and some industries are even calculated on a quarterly basis.These can be investigated and then an exact time drawn up.However, the payment of salary must not exceed one quarter.

And if the factory is really in trouble, if it wants to delay the payment of wages, it must obtain the consent of the workers.If there is no consent, the salary is delayed without permission, or the salary is deducted, the government department has the right to investigate.It even has the right to seal up the factory and take over the factory forcibly.

On February 1925, 2, the cabinet announced the third article on the protection of workers' rights and interests.That is to limit the age of workers recruited by factories, and also to limit the types of factories.For example, some factories with heavy physical work are strictly prohibited from recruiting workers under the age of 17.If it is discovered that workers under the age of 16 are recruited, the factory will be fined, and in severe cases, the person in charge of the factory can be held criminally accountable.Factories that belong to physical labor, but not heavy physical labor, can recruit workers aged 16 to 12.However, there are restrictions on their working hours in a day, and they can only work for five hours a day.Other non-manual jobs, such as simple handicraft work, restaurant waiters, etc., do not have this restriction, as long as they are not younger than 16 years old.As for workers over the age of 12, there is no restriction on the type of factory.

Originally, Duan Xun wanted to be one size fits all, and set the age at 16 years old.Children under the age of 16 are not permitted to be employed.But Su Zhaozheng, chairman of the All-China Federation of Workers, objected to this brutal one-size-fits-all approach.Because for many families, it is common for children in their teens to come out to earn money to subsidize the family.Especially in some families with many children, if you don't come out to work, everyone will starve to death.

A one-size-fits-all disregard for reality.

Although Su Zhaozheng himself is relatively radical, he has worked as a worker on the front line for many years and knows a lot about workers than Duan Xun and other cabinet members.The situation for many working families is very clear.

On February 1925, 2, the cabinet announced the fourth protection clause for workers' rights.For the first time, workers' working hours were formally stipulated.The Cabinet stipulated that workers could not work more than twelve hours a day.Twelve hours is the maximum working time stipulated by the government.Unless some factories have special circumstances and special tasks, workers are not allowed to work more than twelve hours.

If workers in 100 years see this, or ordinary people see this, they will definitely call Duan Xun an asshole.Because this is not a worker protection clause, it is simply "exploitation" of workers.What rights do workers have here?

But for now, this is definitely a big event, even a big improvement.Because this is the first regulation on worker protection in Chinese history.Many people called for it before, but they were all just slogans.However, the "Worker Protection Clause" announced this time is the first time it has appeared in the form of a government regulation.

The emergence of this clause, although still very incomplete and just beginning, has been highly praised.

Immediately afterwards, the cabinet announced that in order to better connect the government and workers.Announced that the National Workers' Federation has become a department directly under the cabinet, and Su Zhaozheng, the chairman of the Workers' Federation, is eligible to participate in cabinet meetings.As well as the presidents of the local workers' unions, are also eligible to participate in provincial provincial government meetings.If workers have any problems, they can report the problems to the cabinet or local government through the workers' union.

"Are there many people involved?"

"Yes."

The cabinet has recently been promulgating provisions on worker protection, while discussing the establishment of the Overseas Chinese Committee.The preparatory work for the Overseas Chinese Committee has been completed.At present, there are representatives of Chinese and overseas Chinese gathered in many places in Beijing.Discuss issues about nationality, about overseas Chinese businessmen returning home to invest, and their voting rights.

However, a case happened at this time, but Duan Xun took his eyes back.

"Prime Minister, the people who were arrested this time were mainly former grain merchants, and several Japanese and British merchants were also involved. More than 30 grain merchants participated in this grain purchase. Many of them are powerful big grain merchants. Shang. About 340 people have been arrested so far.”

"Where's the seller?"

"Mainly in the Yueyang area and Zhejiang. Most of them are local big landlords."

You Min reports.

A case has occurred, it should be said that it is not a big case, but it is a case that deserves to be discussed by the cabinet. In February 1925, the police department took action suddenly and caught many people reselling grain.

Because the government stipulates that China's grain is purchased and monopolized.All the grain in the country is purchased by government departments, some of it is stored, and the rest is sold to grain merchants across the country.Of course, among the grain merchants across the country, some are government grain sales departments set up by government departments.

There is a high profit in the middle.

The government deliberately lowered the purchase price of grain, and then sold it to grain merchants at nearly double the purchase price.And the grain merchants added a lot of prices on this basis, so the price of grain circulating in the city was more than double the purchase price.Of course, the government has regulations on the purchase price, and it also has standards on the price of grain circulating in the market.There is a maximum price for grain in cities, and no one is allowed to exceed the grain price set by the government.

Therefore, the final result is that the government earns most of the profits from food revenue.The price of grain in rural areas cannot rise, and the profits of those grain merchants are much less.

This completely different price between urban and rural areas has made many grain merchants itch.Because without the government in the middle, the food business is incredibly profitable.And it is even more so for those landowners.

The government deliberately suppresses the purchase price of grain, which makes the profit of many landlords very poor.The government not only suppresses the purchase price of grain, but also restricts land rent and controls loan interest.The result of this is that the land rent collected by many big landlords every year, that is, the profit of the final sale of grain is very low.

They have so much arable land, but they can't make much money a year.The price of those grains sold to the government is too low to be worthwhile.But if you cooperate directly with those grain merchants, you don't know how much money you can earn.

So something like this came out.

Duan Xun looked at Dai Kan and Wang Yongjiang, their faces were also solemn.Because this is not a big case, it counts as a form of "smuggling".

Just like the previous dynasties implemented the monopoly of salt and iron, and many people trafficked salt.Now the government conducts a unified purchase and monopoly on grain, so it is normal for some grain merchants to want to sell grain secretly.

The case is small, but the situation is serious.

What is the purpose of unified purchase monopoly.The purpose is to suppress food prices, and then earn food profits between cities and rural areas.Don't underestimate the profit of this part, which can contribute hundreds of millions of profits to the finance every year.And as the urban population increases and food prices slowly increase, the profits of this part will become higher and higher.Use these profits, plus the annual agricultural tax, to raise funds for the development of industry.

In addition to this, there is another one that is constantly suppressing land income.Especially to suppress the income of those landlords and let those landlords slowly walk out of the land.Let the funds in the hands of those landlords be released.

Of course, if there is an unspeakable cruel purpose, it is to make the rural owner farmers go bankrupt on a large scale.At present, with the increase of the scale of cultivated land in China, the national government controls half of the cultivated land, one-third of the remaining land is in the hands of those landlords, and two-thirds are in the hands of self-cultivating farmers.Currently, in China, the land owned by self-cultivators is quite large.Duan Xun did not have the organizational system of TG, the foundation to carry out a thorough land revolution without their foundation, and he did not have the economic strength that Chiang went to Taiwan to carry out the land revolution.

So Duan Xun can only adopt other methods.Squeeze the countryside, drive down food prices, and let the farmers go bankrupt.Many self-cultivating farmers do not have much ability to resist risks. As long as God does not give face for a year, they will face bankruptcy crisis.The Agricultural Bank established by Duan Xun aims to suppress usury in the countryside, but it also aims to control the land of these self-cultivating farmers.

As long as the self-cultivating farmers face bankruptcy and take loans from the Agricultural Bank, it will be difficult to repay them.The interest of the Agricultural Bank will be very different for self-cultivated farmers and those who lease government land, and it will be higher for self-cultivated farmers.As long as the self-cultivating farmers go bankrupt, their collateral land belongs to the bank, and the price will be lowered by the bank, and they will still owe money at that time.Afterwards, the bank can re-lease these lands to them, allowing them to become "tenant farmers" of the country and enjoy some preferential policies of the country.Or let them go to the city to work to earn money to repay the loan.

When China's cities develop further and the scissors gap between industry and agriculture becomes more and more serious, large-scale bankruptcy of self-cultivating farmers is a certainty.Even many small landlords will go bankrupt.

What Duan Xun needs in the countryside is farmers who lease the country's land. Their task is to provide food for the country in addition to supporting themselves.Duan Xun does not need those self-cultivated farmers who own their own land and are content with the status quo.As long as the government controls most of the land and binds rural farmers to the government's land, it will be much easier for the remaining big landlords to deal with.

It's cruel, but that's Duan Xun's purpose.It squeezed the countryside, lowered food prices, and caused large-scale bankruptcy of small rural landlords and self-cultivating farmers.Then take their land, turn them into "shareholders" who rent government land, and drive them into the city to provide workers for the industrialization of the city.

Therefore, the unified purchase and monopoly of grain is a national policy, and no one can destroy it.

Small case, but it is a "small case" that cannot be ignored.

"Director Dong, we have legal provisions for such cases."

"There are several adapted clauses, all of which focus on confiscation of income and fines."

There have been no major changes in 3000 years.

After the Revolution of 3000, it should be said that after the Opium War, China has undergone major changes unseen in [-] years.This is even more so in China now, where new changes are happening every moment.

It is said that China in the 21st century is changing with each passing day and changing every day.But compared with now, the changes in China at that time were not obvious.Today's China is truly changing every day.

But the change is too fast, and the biggest problem is that the law cannot keep up.The unified purchase and monopoly of grain has not been implemented for a long time, and there are very few corresponding legal provisions.

Confiscated proceeds?fine?

Too deterrent.

So Duan Xun immediately said: "What do you think?"

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"What do you think?"

"Severe punishment, severe punishment, absolutely cannot be left alone. Everyone must be taken as a warning."

Wang Yongjiang spoke.