Beiyang reactionaries

"The result of our discussion is to start from two aspects. One is the Tianjin Bank consortium headed by the 'Northern Four Banks', which merged these banks in advance and became another fist commercial bank in the government's hands. These banks in the north are all government-owned shares. Banks that are very tall can just facilitate the merger of these banks. This will not only allow strong alliances, but also avoid the situation of too many banks and too scattered banks, which is easy to manage.”

"Northern Four Lines?"

This opinion started early.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the decline of the bank and money houses represented by the Shanxi bank, modern banks began to appear, and the power of modern banks emerged.In China, there are three parts of the commercial banks are the most powerful.

One is the Bank of Shanghai power headed by the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium, the other is the semi-official Tianjin Bank power backed by the big bosses of the Beiyang Army, and the last is the Chongqing Bank power established by Duan Xun in the southwest, which can also be said to be the Southwest Bank power.

These three forces are the most powerful among the private commercial banks in China.

The banking power of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium is mostly composed of comprador groups, and they have a deep relationship with the powers.But also, their banking business has the strongest taste, the fastest development, and the strongest strength.

It should be said that they have the structure of a modern commercial bank.

The Bank of Tianjin, headed by the North Fourth Bank, is a semi-official force.They rely on the support of the Beiyang Department to rule the northern market.But because they are too deeply involved with the Beiyang faction, changes in Beijing's political situation have too much influence on them.Development always falls short.Because every time the political situation in Beijing changes, they will be hit once.

Even now, these banks in Tianjin are still deeply influenced by the politicians and generals of the Beiyang Army.Many politicians and generals from the Beiyang Army were still directors of these banks.

But when these Tianjin banks were established, they received a lot of investment from the government after all, and there were many official shares in them.Those generals and politicians from the Beiyang Army took the official shares as their own and called the wind and rain in the bank.Duan Xun didn't take care of it before because he didn't have the energy to do it at the time.But now is the time to manage.

"Is there a plan?"

"Yes. With the 'Northern Four Banks' as the leader, these banks with official shares will be merged to form the Savings Bank of China, making it one of the three major commercial banks controlled by the state along with China Bank of Communications and China Commercial Bank. Let them let go to compete in the commercial field. We have already made a specific plan. But if there is a big merger, the commercial shareholders involved must also be called together to formulate it.”

Again.

Due to historical reasons, the proportion of commercial shares in many banks in China is not low.Now that there is already a proportion of commercial shares, Duan Xun never thought of driving them away casually.

Even if it is really necessary to increase the proportion of official shares, it is not to drive them out.

Instead, it uses economic means and plans to increase the proportion of official shares.Moreover, Duan Xun didn't want to drive out the commercial stocks. Instead, he kept some commercial stocks to make it clear that these banks were commercial banks.And those who can have commercial shares in these banks are all powerful people at present.Leave them in these banks and be able to tie them up.

And be able to carry out some supervision on the development of the bank.

Therefore, for a major merger, it is still necessary to discuss with those commercial shareholders.

"And what about the second aspect?"

"Merge the previously established local banks into the Bank of China or other commercial banks. These banks have a high proportion of official shares, and many of them are even wholly owned by the provincial governments. As long as the coordination is done, it should be It is easy to complete. As long as these two steps are completed, the number of banks in the country will be reduced by half. And once this is done, the commercial banks we hold can have branches all over the country, covering almost every province and city in the country.”

Duan Xun nodded.

If those local banks are merged into China Commercial Bank and China Bank of Communications, it will be very good for the development of the two commercial banks.

In fact, commercial banks controlled by the government are said to be commercial banks, but since they are controlled by the government, they must ultimately assume the role of stabilizing the financial sector.The stronger the strength of these commercial banks, the stronger the government's ability to control finance.

"continue."

"After the merger, the second step is to strictly review the bank license."

401

"The second step is to strictly examine the bank license. There are so many banks in the country because the current government's management of bank licenses is too loose, and many people can easily open a bank. Even if you have no money, you can also open a bank. The result is a mixed bag of good and bad people in the banking industry, which seriously affects the credibility of the banks and seriously interferes with financial stability. Therefore, the government must strictly supervise the banking licenses. This power is taken up."

"Banking license?"

Duan Xun nodded.

A banking license has to be a strictly regulated thing.

You can't just open a bank casually.The bank focuses too much money, and a little carelessness will affect the overall situation.But in China now, the issuance of bank licenses is too arbitrary.

That is, local governments have the power to issue bank licenses, which makes bank management more complicated.

"In terms of specific things in this regard, your Bank of China needs to come up with a rule. Your Bank of China is no longer a commercial bank model. You have to transform into a central bank and learn to change functions. Become a financial institution that supervises all, Become a government department that introduces policies in the financial field. In the future, the power to issue bank licenses will be transferred to your Bank of China, and the issuance of bank licenses must be strictly reviewed. Without a certain amount of funds, it is not allowed to open a bank.”

"Yes."

Zhang Jiaao nodded.

Zhang Jiaao, the governor of the Bank of China, is no lower than other cabinet chiefs.Especially with the financial rectification and the power of financial supervision handed over to the Bank of China, the gold content of Zhang Jiaao, the president of the Bank of China, will become higher and higher.

Zhang Jiaao will soon become the right-hand man of the cabinet vice premier Wang Yongjiang, in charge of financial management and currency management.The status in the economic field is no worse than that of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and the Ministry of Commerce.Even the future will become more and more important, more important than them.

"Go on."

"The third is supervision. Increase the supervision of major banks. The current situation of many banks is very dangerous. Once any risk arises, they will not be able to withstand it. They will go bankrupt very easily."

"The problem of bank insolvency is really big."

Banks have the effect of amplifying funds.

After all, the bank has raised so much money, once a problem occurs in the bank, not one or two major companies will be affected.Therefore, there must be adequate supervision of banks.

Otherwise, if there is a problem with the bank and a big incident happens in the end, the government may need to take care of it.

By then the hole will be huge.

"How to strengthen supervision."

"The reserve fund system. Prime Minister, at present, the supervision of banks in the world is relatively blank, and banks are left to develop. We have collected the supervision provisions of banks in all European and American countries in the past year, and think that there are many problems. But Ten years ago, the United States promulgated a "Federal Reserve Act", which requires banks to implement a reserve fund system. That is, in bank deposits, what percentage of the amount is reserved, which cannot be used for loans and must be retained for emergencies I have carefully studied this law, and I think this regulatory model is very good. Banks are required to reserve part of their funds for emergencies, which will greatly increase the bank’s ability to resist risks.”

Zhang Jiaao proposed the reserve fund system.

At present, the whole world, including European and American countries, is blank, or very few, in terms of banking supervision.In European countries that developed relatively early, although banks have been developed for many years, they have not experienced a major banking crisis, so the supervision of banks is not very strong.

Still the fastest in the US.

Because of the rapid financial development in the United States, the United States had already promulgated the "Federal Reserve Act" in 1913 and began to implement a real reserve fund system.

But this is just the beginning, just a prototype.Regarding the issue of reserves, the United States does not have a complete regulatory plan.

Zhang Jiaao has studied this aspect and believes that this policy is very good and can effectively resist some risks.That's why it is proposed that the Bank of China can also implement a reserve fund system.

In fact, it is far easier for China to introduce such regulations than for Europe and the United States.

why?

Bankers in European and American countries are very powerful and can influence government decisions.They don't want the government's supervision to be too strong and affect their interests.

But China is different.

Although China's Jiangsu-Zhejiang Consortium Bank is very strong, it is only aimed at China's situation and only at private banks.After all, China is not a real commercial society. The banking strength of the so-called Jiangsu-Zhejiang consortium is nothing compared to the government and the national economy.

Especially after the government has strongly supported China Bank of Communications and China Commercial Bank in recent years, their strength in the field of China's commercial banks has become stronger and stronger.

There are branches in major cities.