sequence and quantity.The total we're asking for is $100 billion. "
Stalin's proposal was immediately opposed by Churchill and other countries. Churchill said: "This is whimsical. After the First World War, all the Allied Powers together received no more than
20 billion pounds, and if it were not for the Eastern Aid Plan, these countries would not even be able to come up with this 20 billion pounds.I admit that the Soviet Union suffered more from Hitler than any other country, but the British
China has also suffered disasters. Despite the Lend-Lease aid, the United Kingdom sold off a large number of overseas assets at a low price in order to pay for the war. In peacetime, the United Kingdom will bear a heavier economic burden than other countries.
. "
Roosevelt said cautiously: "I don't want to ask for a large amount of compensation for the United States. The standard of living of the Germans should not be higher than that of the Russians. However, the German public will not suffer from hunger. But the Soviet Union
Suffered a lot of losses, but everyone must not forget that China is the biggest force to defeat the Nazis. Without China's participation in the war, Europe may still be in the flames of war, and even the main cities in the west of the Soviet Union have been completely wiped out.
The Ministry fell. "
ps: This volume is coming to an end soon, please give some flowers! ! !
Resurgence: The Second World War Chapter 638 Literal War
Roosevelt paused, watching the reactions of the Chinese emperor and those present.Guan Xuqing did not speak, but nodded to Roosevelt. Obviously Roosevelt was a smart man, and he knew that this meeting should be tilted first to China. If China does not get the most benefits, no one present here will be able to share the benefits.Other heads of state also agreed with Roosevelt's opinion.
Roosevelt added: "So I propose that the five major cities of Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Cologne, the capital of Germany, be assigned to China, and 80% of Germany's major industrial enterprises such as Siemens and Krupp should be assigned to China. , the Soviet Union can get 40 percent of Germany’s war reparations, Britain 20 percent, France 15 percent, and the rest will be distributed among European countries according to the degree of damage.”
Guan Xuqing was very satisfied with Roosevelt's proposal in his heart, and China wanted to get such a result.Churchill didn't say anything about this, and de Gaulle didn't object. Unexpectedly, Stalin was furious, and said to Roosevelt with a sneer: "Then, Mr. President, what does the United States want to share?"
Roosevelt smiled faintly, disgusted with this rough Soviet boss in his heart, but said calmly on the surface: "The United States only needs to get 20% of German industry."
"Impossible!" Stalin suddenly stood up, waving his fists and yelling: "Who doesn't know that the most valuable thing in Germany is its industry. This 20% of industrial enterprises can create endless wealth for you. The United States is at war. Why did they get such generous rewards for those who joined the war at the last stage. As the biggest victim of World War II, the Soviet Union absolutely cannot tolerate such a result."
Stalin was somewhat self-aware, and he did not dare to question the part of the industry allocated to China, but directly pointed the finger at the United States.
Roosevelt said without hesitation: "Mr. Stalin, please remain calm. I think we should distribute it reasonably according to the contribution of the war. The Soviet Union has indeed suffered a lot, but the Soviet Red Army's counterattack against the Nazis. I'm afraid your heart is the worst." Clearly, although the U.S. entered the war very late, the U.S. military was the biggest contributor to opening up the second front in Europe. Even Prime Minister Churchill and President de Gaulle acknowledged this. In the war against the Nazis, China was the biggest force in destroying Berlin, and the Soviet Union wiped out the The remnants of the Nazis in Eastern European countries were wiped out, and the US, British and French allied forces wiped out the main forces in major cities in Germany and Italy. Therefore, in terms of contributions, China is the first, the US, British and French allied forces are second, and the Soviet Union can only be ranked third. .”
"You mean that the Soviet Red Army has no combat effectiveness, is incompetent, and stupid?" Stalin rolled his eyes and stared at Roosevelt.
"Please maintain the demeanor that a leader of a country should have." Roosevelt was really angry, and he couldn't communicate with Stalin, who was a worker.
"Please keep calm, everyone. We are all on the side of justice. Today is a peace conference." Guan Xuqing saw that the smell of gunpowder on the scene was getting stronger and stronger, so he had to speak: "President Roosevelt has no malicious intentions, he is just discussing the facts. During the war, everyone saw that the Soviet Red Army was a heroic and tenacious force, as well as an irreplaceable force. How about this, since it is difficult to reach unity on this issue, I think our four countries will come to a show of hands to vote Bar."
Both Britain and France agreed with Guan Xuqing's opinion, and Stalin had nothing to say.The rest of the small countries can only stare blankly. They have no right to speak, let alone vote, on the issue of dealing with post-war Germany.
In the ensuing vote, those who agreed with Roosevelt’s proposal accounted for an absolute majority. Except for Stalin, the representatives of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom all raised their right hands, putting the Soviet Union in a very embarrassing position with an absolute advantage of four to one.Stalin had no choice but to accept this result.
At the meeting of foreign ministers on June 6, Soviet representative Molotov proposed a comprehensive estimate of 1 billion US dollars in reparations, and demanded that 200 percent of the total should go to the Soviet Union, which was ten percent more than Roosevelt's proposal.Although the US representative Stettinius also reiterated the president's opinion on reparations, he basically agreed with the Soviet Union's plan.Churchill advocated not prescribing any figures until a study had been done by the Reparations Commission.
In the afternoon, the third plenary meeting mainly discussed the Polish issue; this issue was the most heatedly debated issue at this meeting besides the German issue.At the time of this meeting, the Polish government had been liberated, the Polish interim government had in fact taken over domestic administrative power, and the Soviet army had firmly controlled the situation in Poland.Therefore, the current development of the situation in Poland is completely carried out according to Stalin's intention.This is a fact that Britain and the United States cannot change.
Roosevelt first raised the Polish issue, "On the whole, the United States agrees to use the Curzon Line as the eastern border of Poland."
Churchill said: "The Polish border issue is irrelevant. I ask Poland to be his own master. This is a matter of the honor of the British Empire. It is for Poland that Britain will go to war. Anyone who does not give the Poles freedom and freedom. Britain will not be satisfied with an independent solution."
When Churchill said this, Stalin was immediately annoyed. He cursed in his heart, this nasty old man, he was always against me at this meeting, but Stalin's statement this time was relatively mild. He said: "Poland is against the Soviet Union. It is a matter of life and death. Throughout history, Poland has been the corridor through which the West attacks Russia, and in order to close this corridor to any future aggressor, the Soviet Union cannot but insist on a strong, independent and friendly Poland."
Chinese plenipotentiary Liang Qichao saw that the two sides were arguing over this issue, and said: "Our government believes that Poland was an independent country both after the war and before the war. In order to ensure a smooth transition of the Polish government after the war, China proposed , China, the Soviet Union, the United States and the United Kingdom will each send an army to station in Poland to maintain the smooth transition of the Polish political situation for a period of ten years."
Liang Qichao's proposal immediately won the support of the United States, Britain, France and other countries. In this case, the Soviet Union would have to withdraw most of the Red Army currently stationed in Poland. The Soviet Union no longer has the final say, but several countries jointly exercise management transition.Such a proposal could not be accepted by the Soviet Union in any case.
So several parties had a heated debate around this issue, and finally that daredevil Molotov pointed the finger at China directly. He sneered and said to Liang Qichao: "Since this is the case, we can accept your proposal, but the condition is China and Russia will return to the pre-World War I border."
As soon as Molotov said this, it immediately caused a commotion in the audience. Everyone knew what he meant. Restoring the border would mean asking the Chinese government to return the East Siberia region to China, but everyone knows That is already a fait accompli, and it is also a historically sensitive issue between China and the Soviet Union. Molotov suddenly raised it on this occasion, which seemed to be an obvious provocation to China.
The venue was silent for half a minute. Liang Qichao glanced at the emperor sitting above him, sneered and said to Molotov, "I would like to ask whether you are speaking on behalf of yourself or the Soviet government?"
Before Stalin could answer, Molotov said decisively: "Not only on behalf of myself, but also on behalf of the wishes of the Soviet government and the entire Soviet people."
"For Russians, that is a disgraceful history. Do you think it is necessary to bring up the old things here?"
"Of course it is necessary."
"Okay, everyone knows that the former Tsarist Russian government brazenly launched a war of aggression against China, and His Majesty the Emperor of China led the people to fight back, smashing Nicholas II's plot in one fell swoop, and at the same time helping your people deal a heavy blow Without the former Tsarist Russian regime, without the Sino-Russian War, the Soviets would not have been able to take control of the country so smoothly. Moreover, China still has the original agreement signed with the Russian Provisional Government at that time, do you want to see it?"
"No need." Molotov said with a curl of his lips: "That's a matter for the provisional government. Now it's the Soviet Union. We want our land."
"Well, since that's the case, before World War II, in order to seek its own interests, the Soviet government brazenly expanded its territory westward by millions of square kilometers and established the so-called Eastern Front. This kind of wanton occupation of other countries' territories is now Is it time to discuss it?"
When Liang Qichao said this, many Eastern European countries present glared at the Soviets, and Molotov's tongue was cut in half.
Guan Xuqing said impatiently: "I solemnly declare here today that Eastern Siberia is China's territory. We welcome commercial enterprises from all over the world to come and invest in cooperation. However, if anyone wants to play with this land, the Chinese will definitely concentrate all their strength Deal a heavy blow to him. Molotov's words are very unfriendly, run counter to the theme of this conference, and seriously disrupt the order of the conference and the relationship between China and the Soviet Union. I now declare this person persona non grata at this conference , please leave, and the Soviet Union will send another representative."
The current situation has become a situation for the Soviet Union to ride a tiger. Of course, it can only be said that Molotov has caused this situation. At this meeting, I can only return empty-handed.Look at those Eastern European countries that are eager to try and want to negotiate on the occupied territories.
Next, it was proposed by the Chinese side to discuss the establishment of the United Nations Organization.The four governments agreed on the principle that the big powers (permanent members) in the Security Council have the veto power.Opinions differ, however, on whether the veto can be exercised when a major power becomes a party to a dispute.The United States once proposed a plan that disputing countries should not be allowed to vote in the Security Council, while the Soviet Union advocated that each permanent member should retain veto power on all issues.The meeting finally adopted the compromise plan proposed by Roosevelt, that is, the permanent members of the council can exercise the veto power on all substantive issues except for procedural issues, but when settling disputes peacefully, even big countries that disagree Abstain from voting in the Security Council.
ps: The last chapter of this volume will be dedicated tomorrow.
Resurgence: World War II Chapter 639 Biggest Winners
After discussion, the meeting agreed to the request of the Soviet Union and listed the two republics of Ukraine and Belarus as founding members of the United Nations.The meeting determined the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States, China, and France as permanent members of the United Nations.The meeting also clearly stipulated that no matter whether they are large or small countries, they have equal rights in the UN General Assembly. However, large countries occupy permanent seats in the Council, and the Security Council bears the main responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.
In the evening, Guan Xuqing and Roosevelt went for a walk in the Old Summer Palace.Roosevelt's legs and feet have always been inconvenient, and he is often inseparable from a wheelchair.When I came to Beijing, I was in poor spirits and exhausted physically and mentally.At this time, Roosevelt was sitting in a wheelchair.The two talked while walking, from defeating Nazi Germany to European issues.Roosevelt stopped his wheelchair, turned around and said to Guan Xuqing: "I know very well that if there is no participation of China in this war, the ending will be completely different."
Guan Xuqing came back to his senses and said with a smile, "You are a smart man. If there was no China, the Soviet Union would have been wiped out by the Nazis."
In the evening, the Old Summer Palace looks extraordinarily beautiful under the sunset glow.The lake water, mountain scenery, clouds, and colorful clouds have all merged into one at this time, and people who come here can't help admiring the uncanny workmanship of nature.Roosevelt stared at this incomparable royal garden, and half-jokingly said to Guan Xuqing: "I want to buy a scenic spot in this garden in my own name after I retire."
Guan Xuqing smiled and replied: "As long as you don't become the president of the United States in the future, I will build you a mansion in Beijing. As long as you want, you can bring your family to live in it at any time."
"What do you think of Stalin?" Roosevelt finally got to the point.
"This person is careless and not an easy master to deal with. Moreover, he is ambitious and has the potential to annex Eastern European countries. I can see clearly that he wants to take Poland into his pocket sooner or later. "
"I agree with you. I think that Stalin's coming to be the leader of the Soviet Union will not bring good luck to the Soviets. It will only be a nightmare. In terms of international policy, he rarely takes into account the feelings of other countries. This time The meeting insisted on bringing Poland under the protection of the Soviet Union, which is a blatant act of robbery." Roosevelt seemed a little angry.
"If this continues, Stalin will become more and more arrogant, and his people will not be able to tolerate him. Let's wait and see."
While the heads of state of China and the United States were chatting about speculation, Churchill was not idle. He dragged de Gaulle to appear at the door of Stalin's residence. Seeing the radiant Stalin, Churchill smiled on his gray face and said: " Nice to meet you, I've been wanting to meet you since Tehran."
Stalin cursed inwardly, this old fox, who frequently opposed me at the meeting, now commits himself to come to see me, must have no good intentions.On the surface, he also said happily: "I have also been looking forward to the private meeting with the Prime Minister and President de Gaulle.
Stalin invited Churchill to smoke. Churchill took out his famous big pipe and sat opposite Stalin. The cigarette was lit and stuffed in his mouth, as if it was the only way to avoid the invasion of the two large chimneys.
Stalin quickly got to the point, "Japan no longer exists. The southern part of Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands should be returned to the Soviet Union. That is the lifeline of the Soviet Union. Mr. Prime Minister, if these conditions cannot be met, it will be difficult for me to make a contribution to the Soviet people. Explain. The Soviet Union has not gained any real benefits at this meeting."
What a greedy guy, Churchill cursed in his heart, but said calmly on his face: "Japan was wiped out by China. There is no problem with Britain and France. The key is to win China's consent."
Stalin made no secret of his indignation: "China? They can't wait to take all the benefits into their own pockets."
Churchill smiled knowingly, and turned the topic to the aspects he cared about: "Mr. Stalin, let's talk about the issue of hosting Hungary, shall we?"
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