Back to the Ming Dynasty to be a tyrant

The current thermometer does not have a temperature scale, that is to say, 0 degrees and 37 degrees of the human body, no one has proposed such a concept at all.

After pondering for a while, Emperor Chongzhen decided not to let go of this good opportunity to write his name in history by the way: "Water is cold and becomes ice, and water is boiled and becomes steam. It can be seen that it is more important to distinguish by water temperature. easier.

That being the case, how about taking the freezing temperature of water as zero degrees, and the boiling temperature of water as one hundred degrees, divide them into one hundred parts, and then observe other temperatures?

By the way, I see that the weather is also icy outside, but sometimes it will be colder, and sometimes it will be warmer. It can be seen that the temperature below zero is also high and low. Can you observe it again? "

Mo Hua's eyes lit up, he bowed and said, "Yes."

The Royal Academy is already preparing for the temperature test, but it has not yet figured out what temperature should be used as the standard. Since Emperor Chongzhen has stipulated zero degrees and one hundred degrees, the rest will be easy to handle. The temperature from freezing to boiling is divided into one hundred percent.

What interests Mo Hua is the concept of sub-zero temperature—we all know that it is getting colder every day, but how cold is it?How does the temperature vary from day to day?

The point raised by Emperor Chongzhen happened to be similar to what he thought, so Mo Hua became more interested.

Emperor Chongzhen, who succeeded in pretending once again and would surely leave his name in history, smiled again: "I heard that the gods in ancient times used to have a measuring ruler in their hands, which could measure everything in the world. Today, I also have a thermometer in Ming Dynasty, so I can Measuring the temperature of everything in the world, both Mo Aiqing and Jin Yiwei have done a great job."

Mo Hua has no interest in this credit: "Your Majesty Qi Zuo, this is all credit to Jin Yiwei, I dare not be greedy for credit."

Regarding Mo Hua's humility, Emperor Chongzhen didn't take it too seriously, instead he said with a smile: "That Mr. Santorini, and that Mr. Jia, have you ever invited me to Daming?"

When Mo Hua heard this, he immediately said with great regret: "Your Majesty, Mr. Santorini passed away in the ninth year of Chongzhen, and Mr. Jia is also 77 years old. It is said that his health is not very good."

Emperor Chongzhen immediately felt very sorry.

One died, and the remaining one was also 77 years old and in poor health. No matter how far he sailed at this age, he would probably be completely cold before arriving in Daming.

After reluctantly giving up the idea of ​​letting Jin Yiwei go to "invite someone", Emperor Chongzhen sighed: "It is a great regret in life that such talented people cannot be invited to Daming!"

Mo Hua nodded approvingly, but comforted him: "Your Majesty, you don't have to be so sad, those Western scholars have written a lot, Jin Yiwei has collected a lot before, and now they have translated a lot.

I think that the things studied by Western scholars are more detailed than my Ming Dynasty, and there are many references.

For example, they once mentioned the word chemistry, and many of its related alchemy techniques coincide with the theories in the works of sages such as "Zhouyi Cantongqi" and "Huangdi Neijing".

Therefore, I have already planned to invite Your Majesty to set up another School of Chemistry to specialize in the art of chemistry and alchemy. "

Emperor Chongzhen snorted and said: "Mo Aiqing is the principal of the Royal Academy. It is no problem to open a chemistry academy. I have agreed, and Mo Aiqing can do it with confidence. In addition, regarding the use of this cement About the pier?"

Mo Hua considered it carefully and said, "Without experiments, I dare not assure His Majesty that it will be successful. After a few sets of experiments, the results will be known."

Emperor Chongzhen nodded and said: "I have this patience, and Mo Aiqing will experiment slowly."

After sending away the Emperor Chongzhen, who knew how to understand things, and Hong Chengchou, who was like a waste, Mo Hua simply summoned a group of horsemen and began to ponder over the thermometer.

It is very simple to make a thermometer. It is not difficult to make a transparent and slender glass tube. It is not a big problem to seal it after filling the liquid. For the Royal Academy, it is very simple.

What Mo Hua is interested in is the different results of filling different liquids.

Mercury, clear water mixed with salt, alcohol, and dozens of thermometers were quickly manufactured, and then took a basin of warm water that had just cooled down, and waited for the water to freeze to set the zero degree position.

After testing several times with several different thermometers, Mo Hua chose to throw away the thermometer that used salt mixed with clear water as liquid.

Not to mention the inaccuracy of that broken thing, several of them were simply frozen and cracked, so they can't be counted on, but the thermometer using mercury and alcohol, the performance made Mo Hua's eyes shine.

After trying for two or three days in a row, the thermometer that was finally set still uses mercury, which is a bit stronger than alcohol, and there is no reason to use worse alcohol.

After completing the equal division from zero degrees to one hundred degrees, Mo Hua led his horse boys to start the reverse scale, that is, to engrave the equidistant temperature lines on the positions below zero degrees.

After a few days of testing, Mo Hua couldn't bear it anymore, and finally ran to the palace to ask Emperor Chongzhen—the thing should be ready, but it was getting colder and lower every day, it was a bit scary!

Emperor Chongzhen read the experimental data provided by Mo Hua several times before he said it was normal.

During the Little Ice Age, let alone a drop of two degrees a day, so what if the goddamn drop is ten or eight degrees?What's all the fuss about?

The appearance of the thermometer made Qin Tianjian very happy.

Originally playing ice bottles, once the temperature reached below zero, this thing is not very accurate. With the thermometer provided by the Royal Academy, you can intuitively record the different changes in temperature.

As for whether it is accurate or not, it has nothing to do with Qin Tianjian. This thing is provided by the Royal Academy. If you have different opinions, please contact the Royal Academy. They are responsible for the final interpretation.

In fact, the change brought about by the appearance of the thermometer is definitely not the ability to accurately record the temperature.

The medical school also got a thermometer, which is about the same length as the thermometers of later generations, and successfully obtained the normal temperature of the human body and the temperature comparison during fever.

Chen Zuqi, who was thinking about hybrid seeds and greenhouse planting, was also ecstatic after getting this thing—with a thermometer, he can record the best germination time of seeds through repeated experiments in the future!

As for other places, the application of thermometers is not too extensive, and it is only in simple research and testing. After testing, the thermometer can only function normally when it is below [-] degrees. Melted and deformed until scrapped.

This discovery made the entire Royal Academy a little unbelievable-the temperature should be measured in hundreds?

Nothing to say, continue to experiment, continue to toss, anyway, the emperor has a lot of money in his internal funds, and he has never been stingy with the Royal Academy. Spend the money that should not be spent, just spend it, no need to save money for the emperor!

PS: The 12000 words of the third update will be sent. In addition, today is the sacrifice of "Yipin Cultivation of Immortals"

Chapter 7 and Six: Daming’s Sheep Can’t Eat People

Emperor Chongzhen knew that scientific research would cost money, but he never thought that it would cost so much money. Almost every year, he had to pour tens of millions of taels of silver into the Royal Academy, or even more.

As the bitter people of later generations said, I know that life is difficult, but I never thought it would be so difficult...

But fortunately, except for a large part of the money invested, there is always a part of it that can be seen in return.

Such as thermometers and pressure gauges.

Although these gadgets are inconspicuous, the derivative value brought by these gadgets is immeasurable, especially as more and more things are produced by the Royal Academy, their importance will further increase.

Then, Emperor Chongzhen started to have a headache looking at minus [-] degrees on the thermometer.

The thermometer made by the Royal Academy is similar to that of later generations. The human body temperature is also 37 degrees. The temperature below zero should be the same as the temperature of later generations, right?

If there is no such thing as a thermometer, Emperor Chongzhen would not feel how cold the winter in the capital is, but when Emperor Chongzhen saw the reading of minus 27 degrees, he immediately felt a pain in the egg.

Before crossing, the coldest time in the capital was minus sixteen seven degrees, but now it's minus twenty-seven degrees?Why don't you come here three times to make up the whole thing?Also let people live!

What made Emperor Chongzhen even more painful was that during the winter from Chongzhen 13th to Chongzhen 14th, there was no fucking snow!

What does it mean no snow?

If there is no snow before the beginning of spring, Chongzhen will either be drought or waterlogged in 14, which is almost a certainty!

The ancients said that the grass grows and the warbler flies in the sky in February, and the fireworks go down in Yangzhou in March, but in February of the 14th year of Chongzhen, there will be heavy snowfall from time to time, and the grass will grow?Still fly?

It won't freeze to death!

Emperor Chongzhen was particularly troubled by this situation.

If there were no such messy things, I would definitely take the army out to promote the teachings of saints, instead of staying in the palace like a cage, doing nothing but creating the next generation.