Into Unscientific

  Chapter 252 is in chaos, the entire 19th century is in chaos! (7.4K)

Light.

  A word that is too simple to be simple.

  A phenomenon that is so common that it can no longer be common.

  It is a ray of fog that runs through the history of human science and is still confusing until the 22nd century.

  Speaking of light, the wave-particle duality should first pop up in the minds of many people in later generations.

   Followed by Ultraman Tiga, and then the words interference and diffraction of light.

   Actually.

  Human beings' thinking about the nature of light has already appeared in BC.

   For example in the ancient East.

  People believe that the sun is the incarnation of gods, such as Xihe, Sun Lord, Dong Jun, and the Golden Crow shot down by Hou Yi, etc.

  As for the ancient West, it was Empedocles' view that was popular at the beginning.

  He believes that the world is composed of four elements: water, fire, air, and earth, and human eyes are ignited by the goddess Aphrodite with fire, and light also belongs to fire.

  Plato after Empedocles believed that there are three different kinds of light.

   come from the eye, the object being seen, and the light source itself, respectively.

   As for vision, it is the result of the combined action of the three.

  After Plato, a lot of idealism such as Lucretius and Al Hassan appeared.

  With more thoughts, someone will naturally use practical means to verify the authenticity.

   It's worth mentioning though.

  For the first time in history, the literature with clear research records on light propagation is not from the West, but the "Mo Jing" written by Chinese sages.

  The "Mo Jing" was completed around the 14th year of King Zhou An, that is, 388 BC. There is a well-known research case in it.

  This case comes from "Mozi Jingshuo 43rd":

  【Scenery, two lights sandwich one light, and one light is the scene. The people of Jingguang Xuruo shoot, those who are below are also high, and those who are tall are also below. When the foot is covered with light, the view is above; when the head is covered with light, the view is below. There is end and light in the distance, and it is also in the library of old scenery. 】

  jing is shadow, referring to the image of an object.

   So this sentence means:

  Like an arrow, the light travels in a straight line.

  The lower part of the human body blocks the direct incoming light, which shoots through the small hole and forms a shadow on the top.

  The upper part of the human body blocks the direct light, passes through the small hole, and forms a shadow below, which becomes an inverted shadow.

  This description of the macroscopic properties of light is completely consistent, and it is also the first scientific explanation of light traveling along a straight line.

   Other than that.

   Mohists also know another concept—light is focused before a lens or concave mirror:

   "There is an end and light in the distance, so the scene is also in the miasma."

  内 is Na, which means to gather at one point.

  In "Mo Jing", the focal point is often referred to as "positive" or "inner", so the Mohists at that time had also studied the principle of light gathering.

  But it's a pity.

  Due to the incompleteness of the ancient Chinese science system, in the subsequent development of optics, there are not many outstanding points in ancient China.

certainly.

   This is not to say that no one studies optics in China, but that after the "Mojing", China cannot find a record of optical research that can be sorted into a timeline.

  In the West, Euclid studied the reflection of light in the book "Reflection Optics", and Ptolemy supplemented the macroscopic properties of light.

   Later researchers like Kepler appeared.

   By 1621.

  Nederland physicist Nier, summed up the law of refraction of light.

   Then at about the same time.

   Descartes first proposed such a possibility in "Refractive Optics", one of the three appendices of his "Methodology":

  Light is a kind of pressure, which propagates in the medium, and there is such a substance as ether in the world.

   This is also the root of all evil in modern optics, a very important node.

  now

since then.

  Optics is like Jianzong and Qizong, there are two completely different factions.

   What first appeared was the wave theory.

  Now everyone recognizes that the wave theory was proposed by Huygens, but in fact, it was an Italian mathematician who first discovered the evidence of the wave theory.

   This person is called Francisco Grimaldi.

  At that time he did an experiment:

  He let a beam of light pass through two small holes and found it on the screen in the dark room, and found an image with bright and dark stripes on the edge of the projection.

  So Grimaldi proposed that light may be a wave similar to water waves, which is the earliest light wave theory.

   It is a pity that this mathematician has limited ability and cannot conduct further research. In the end, Huygens gave the complete definition of light for the first time:

  Light is not a material particle, but a wave produced by the vibration of the medium.

  As for the medium that propagates light, it is the ‘ether’ re-fired by Descartes.

   After that, it was Hooker who carried the flag, and the Mavericks brought up the matter of Moxie.

   It's worth mentioning though.

  Although Maverick’s particle theory and wave theory can be regarded as life and death enemies, Maverick does not deny the ‘ether’.

  In the absolute space-time concept that Maverick originally insisted on, ether is the representative of absolute motion.

  Even the later wheat did not break away from this circle. He introduced the concept of ether in electromagnetism, and tried to deduce the expression equation of ether in the inertial system in his later years.

   Results 1887.

  British physicist Michelson and chemist Morey used the "ether drift" experiment to deny the existence of ether, which shocked the entire scientific community for a long time—this is one of the two dark clouds mentioned earlier.

  Classical physics has developed many correct results by relying on ether, but in the end, it suddenly found that the basis for deriving these results is wrong, don’t you think it’s evil?

  It’s like the rabbits who were engaged in the stealth coating of fighter jets back then. Seeing that the B2’s paint did not peel off every time they flew across the sea, I thought they had mastered some black technology.

  So the rabbits gritted their teeth and set up a project, chasing after that unknown technology, day and night.

   It turned out that after many years, the rabbits found out that the reason why the B2 skin does not peel off is because of the big krypton gold technique, and if it is broken, it will be mended.

   Then the rabbits looked at the machines in their warehouse and fell into deep thought:

  So what the **** did I do?

all in all.

  Ether is indeed evil. In the 21st century, there are still a large number of people who believe in its existence, and many of them are even Nobel Prize winners.

  The topic returns to the original place.

  The story of Huygens and beyond has been introduced before, so I won’t repeat it here. (Modern optics is at the beginning of Chapter 210, and the copy is the number of words, so you can go back there and have a look. The part with 210 in this paragraph is almost the entire development history of optics. If you are interested, you can keep an eye on it. )

   But in this timeline.

  Influenced by Xu Yun, Mavericks is no longer as arbitrary as before, and corrected his wrong theory in time.

   At the same time, it also led to a situation in the field of optics that Angus Roman said:

  The theory of duality of light takes the initiative, but the core evidence of the particle theory is not much.

   This is like two holy places in a fantasy novel, one of which has a great emperor sitting in the current generation, and the emperor is unparalleled.

  Although the strength of the other holy land is equally strong, it lacks the fighting power of the great emperor. It can only rely on the imperial weapons left by the ancestors to barely compete with the opponent.

  So Angus Roman made such an abacus:

   Didn't you say that Fat Fish left a biography? That's great. If you have the ability, come up with evidence that can refute the wave theory.

  As Angus Roman said these words, the atmosphere at the scene suddenly became a little weird.

  In all fairness.

   Angus Roman's request is undoubtedly a bit difficult, but his hat is too smart.

  After a series of legitimate statements, at least in this public place, Xu Yun was forced to an embarrassing situation where he had to answer.

Of course.

  The word embarrassment is defined by Angus Roman and other bystanders, as for Xu Yun.

  At this time, his cheeks were slightly bulging, and the back molars were biting the flesh on the inner wall of the tongue cavity, trying not to laugh out loud.

be honest.

  He really wanted to rush off the stage and run up to this senior Roman and give him a grateful hug.

  Although the other party’s goal was to demolish his own platform, he actually did him a big favor by hitting him right.

   It's not an exaggeration to say.

   This is a big favor that may even determine the direction of the dungeon score!

  Tears.jpg.

   And just as Xu Yun was holding back his laughter, a whisper suddenly came from his side:

   "Luo Feng, how about it, can you do it?"

  Xu Yun turned his head and found William Whewell looking at him.

It is clear.

  The first question he answered correctly, although it was not completely convincing that he was a descendant of Fat Fish.

  But in the eyes of William Whewell, his credibility has also improved a lot.

  Xu Yun pondered for a moment when he saw this, quickly glanced at the scene, and slightly nodded at William Whewell:

   "Dean Whewell, the ancestors did leave relevant records, and I remember them all."

  William Whewell's pupils shrank suddenly, and a premonition that something big was going to happen faintly appeared in his heart.

  If Xu Yun is talking hi, it’s okay to say, but if what he said is true

   But if he can easily come up with a theory to refute the wave theory, he must have a deep understanding of physics. Why can't he even get an elementary diploma?

   Is it really lost?

  Thinking in a hurry.

  William Whewell remembered Xu Yun's first answer again.

   With this answer, his confidence in Xu Yun's identity is now maintained at about 65%

   This is obviously not a value that can be used with confidence.

but

  William Whewell quickly glanced down the stage, and his eyes passed over a professor who was sitting upright.

  Prime is coming aggressively today, if this old coin is not shot, it will be a set of combo punches.

  He can guarantee it.

   Among the old professors in the audience, some must have been bought by Prim.

  If Xu Yun can't withstand the pressure, someone will stand up generously next time, relying on their seniority to attack again.

  The point of contradiction at that time will not be Xu Yun, but myself.

  Think here.

  William Whewell took a deep breath, and a flash of determination flashed in his eyes.

   He turned his head and said to Xu Yun:

   "Student Luo Feng, tell me, how do you want me to cooperate with you?"

   "The current situation. I hope you know it well."

  Xu Yun nodded, approached William Whewell, and whispered a few words in a voice that could be heard by readers:

   "Mr. Dean, I need a flashlight, an electrolytic cell, a selenium cylinder, three convex lenses, a semi-reflective semi-mirror, a rotating mirror and"

   "In addition, a one-meter-wide field is required, and the straight line length is not less than five kilometers, and the test cannot be carried out until night."

  William Whewell ignored the noisy scene and just stood on the stage quietly listening to Xu Yun's words.

   Then he glanced at the young man, stepped off the stage quickly, and spoke to Prince Albert.

  Prince Albert was slightly taken aback, but still nodded.

   After finishing speaking, William Whewell bowed to him, turned and left the scene.

  Seeing William Whewell turn and leave, the discussion on the scene became much louder.

   Albert saw that he stood up from his seat and said to everyone:

   "Students, please be quiet!"

   "Dean Whewell has just guaranteed Luo Feng, and Trinity College will be responsible for providing the experimental equipment Luo Feng needs."

   "Although these equipments are relatively easy to prepare, the experimental environment is quite special, and it needs to wait until after dark, so please don't get too excited for the time being."

   "The whole experiment will be open to the public at that time. Interested students can just wait on the side of the road after having dinner."

   After finishing speaking, he glanced at Angus Roman who was still standing, and asked:

   "Student Roman, do you have any objections?"

   Angus Roman was vaguely in a daze at this time, he was shocked when he heard the words, shook his head and said:

   "No problem, Your Highness, just follow your instructions."

  His task is to make the topic bigger. Although Xu Yun's actions cannot immediately embarrass Whewell, once Xu Yun's demonstration fails, the public opinion will be reversed countless times!

   Seeing that Angus Roman was quite sensible, Albert nodded slightly and continued:

   "Then everyone, take it easy for now. Next, Mr. Knowles, the dean of Peter College, will temporarily replace Dean Whewell to preside over the hymn singing at the opening ceremony!"

   Albert's voice fell, and an old man with silver hair stood up in the first row.

  The old man walked slowly onto the stage and took over the on-site command.

  Xu Yun saluted very tactfully, and quickly returned to his seat.

  Compared to when I came on stage.

  At this time, Xu Yun's eyes are more focused and sharper.

  Although today's physics is still subordinate to chemistry, its importance has begun to show signs of faintly.

   Other colleges do not say.

  At least in the four theological schools on site, except for the theological students studying hard for a theology degree, most of them have mastered or understood the theoretical disputes at the forefront of the scientific world today.

  Since more than a hundred years ago, a large number of physicists have been trying to find the core evidence of the particle theory.

   It's just that the results have always been unsatisfactory.

   As a result, at the opening ceremony, Xu Yun said that he could produce evidence to refute the wave theory?

  The combination of such unreasonable remarks and the identity of the "offspring of fat fish" immediately makes people question, and at the same time, another thought will arise in their minds more or less:

  Maybe what he said is true?

   What if he really is a descendant of Fat Fish?

  That is a strange man that even Sir Newton would admire

  In this state of mind.

  The students' minds had already flown thousands of miles away. Many people were obviously absent-minded in the follow-up part of the opening ceremony, and the hasty coping was over.

  After the ceremony, the students routinely dismissed the meeting and left in an orderly manner.

Of course.

  Except for Xu Yun.

   Accompanied by several cadres of the Student Federation (jian) and (shi), he came to a small shed to wait for the night to fall.

at the same time.

   On the road from Trinity College to King's College, a strip area with a length of more than five kilometers was vacated.

   This area was sealed off with a waist-high cordon, which attracted a large number of students to stop and watch, and there was a lot of discussion.

   "Hey Rupp, do you know what this is for? Running races?"

   "I can't make it!"

   "I've heard a little bit about it. It's rumored that the oriental man who went through the back door wanted to show how he could write 30,000 words in a day."

   There are many people who are puzzled about the closed area, but likewise, there are also many students who have participated in the opening ceremony.

   Therefore, under the spread of witnesses, a piece of news quickly swept through Cambridge University:

  The descendant of the legendary 'Fat Fish' will present a piece of evidence to refute the wave theory tonight!

   Another half hour passed.

   "Luo Feng."

  After receiving the news, Thomson hurriedly stepped into the shed. As a candidate for the president of the Student Federation, it is not difficult for him to pass the trial:

   "Luo Feng, I heard from Maxwell, can you produce strong evidence to refute the volatility theory?"

  Looking at Thomson who was still breathing, Xu Yun felt a little warm in his heart:

   "Exactly."

   "Are you sure?"

   "Of course."

  Thomson looked at Xu Yun seriously for a while, then nodded slightly:

"That's good."

  Both he and Mai Mai had personally experienced the night attack, and their understanding and trust in Xu Yun were much higher than ordinary people.

   Don't say anything else.

   Just because Xu Yun was able to read his own Morse code during the night raid, Thomson was sure that Xu Yun was definitely not the kind of illiterate who hadn't even received elementary education.

  Now that Xu Yun's face does not show much tension, Thomson naturally has some confidence in his heart.

after an hour.

  In the small shed, another person appeared.

  Michael Faraday.

  In Xu Yun’s later life, a certain girl group once released a popular song, in which there is a line that everyone is familiar with:

  【You are electricity, you are light, you are the only myth】.

   From this line of lyrics, it is not difficult to see that there is an inseparable relationship between electricity and light.

   Therefore, as the soul of the second industrial revolution, Faraday naturally has a very in-depth study of Guangxu.

   For example, he discovered in 1845 that when polarized light passes through a transparent medium to which a magnetic field is applied, polarization rotation occurs.

   This phenomenon was later called the Faraday effect, and it was the first to discover the relationship between light and electromagnetism.

   Followed in 1846.

  Faraday also speculated that light may be some form of disturbance derived along the magnetic field lines.

  1847.

  Faraday proposed that light is a high-frequency electromagnetic vibration, which can be derived without a medium.

  If you extend the time from the perspective of future generations, you will also find that .

   It was based on this theory that wheat discovered the phenomenon that self-generated electromagnetic waves would propagate at a constant speed.

  At the same time, this speed is exactly equal to the speed of light, so the conclusion that light is an electromagnetic wave is drawn.

  Now that Xu Yun can produce evidence to refute the wave theory, can Faraday calm down?

  So after entering the shed, his first sentence was:

   "Student Luo Feng, is what you said true? Can you produce evidence to refute the wave theory?"

  Looking at this handsome old man with stiff features, Xu Yun's eyes revealed a trace of reverence, and he affirmed:

   "Yes, Mr. Faraday, the ancestor of the fat fish accidentally discovered some phenomena during the process of studying electrolysis."

   "After further research, he discovered something, uh, very interesting."

  Faraday raised his eyebrows:

   "Interesting stuff?"

  Xu Yun nodded, feeling a little turmoil in his heart.

  The current dungeon world line is a bit crooked, so

   Add fire to yourself and let the scientific community make another mess!

  Think here.

  Xu Yun could not help but take a deep breath, and said to Faraday:

   "Professor Faraday, before the experiment starts, I would like to ask you a question."

  Faraday glanced at him and motioned him to speak:

   "Speak."

   "How fast is light?"

   "Speed ​​of light?"

  Faraday blinked. Although he didn't know why Xu Yun asked this question, he quickly said:

   "212,000 kilometers per second, this is the value calculated by Mr. Huygens. It is also the answer that is currently accepted by the academic community."

   "In addition, Mr. Newton also proposed in "Optics" that light can travel through the earth 16.6 times in one second, and the equivalent is also around this number."

  Xu Yun glanced at the handsome old man, fell silent for a moment, then slowly shook his head:

   "Unfortunately, Mr. Faraday, this value is wrong."

  Fala was stunned for the first time:

"wrong?"

  Xu Yun turned his head, glanced at the scene that had been arranged, and smiled slightly at Faraday:

   "Yes, Mr. Lafardie, so the first mistake we are going to correct tonight, is"

   "The speed of light."

  (end of this chapter)