Into Unscientific

  Chapter 211 History turns a corner here (still 10,000 words!)

  “.The above are my opinions and suggestions.”

   "The sender, Li Feiyu."

  After writing this letter.

  Xu Yun breathed a sigh of relief, and put the pen aside.

  Although I still don't know why and through what channels this letter got into my hands.

  But judging from the situation mentioned in the previous Mavericks letter.

   perhaps

   Is this some kind of activation method similar to off-site help?

   That is, when Mavericks encounters a problem that is difficult for him to solve, he may be able to contact himself to exchange letters across copies.

   I just don’t know if this method has a fixed cycle, and more importantly, it’s uncertain

   Are there rewards?

   After all, judging from the previous performance of Halo.

  Although it is a bit superficial, it has always paid attention to the basic principle of "whatever you pay, you will get rewards".

   Then Xu Yun turned his attention to the letter and began to do the final proofreading.

  The purpose of Mavericks writing this letter is actually very clear:

  The core problem is that due to some unknown reasons, his theory of particles of light has been shaken.

  Maybe it is a phenomenon proposed by outsiders.

  Maybe some clues discovered by Maverick himself.

   In short, the impact on the Mavericks is not small.

   Therefore in this reply.

  Xu Yun thought about it several times, and finally chose to mention the wave-particle duality of light.

   Friends who were textbooks in their previous life know it.

  The so-called wave-particle duality of light is actually very simple in textbook interpretation:

  Light is both a wave and a particle.

  In later generations, as long as you have studied compulsory education, you have basically heard this word.

   But historically.

  The exploration of the nature of light is actually a very tortuous thing.

   Before Mavericks.

  The theory of light fluctuations is actually a very marketable view.

  This theory was put forward by Huygens, and the number one big fan is Hook who was abused in the previous article.

  The reason why Hooke supports the theory of light fluctuations is because he discovered the phenomenon of light interference, which is the colorful soap bubbles we usually see.

  These beautiful bubbles are actually thin film interference of light, and interference is undoubtedly the property of waves.

  So of course Lao Hu thinks it’s just waves.

   Later Mavericks took a different approach and proposed the theory of particles.

   And with the growing reputation of Sir Alex Ferguson, scientists have formed a "two whatevers" point of view:

   Whatever Sir Alex supports is right, and whatever Sir Alex opposes is wrong.

  So the particle theory is popular, and the wave theory is declining day by day.

   Later, a man named Thomas Young appeared, and he designed an initial interference experiment.

  This experiment has now entered the middle school textbook, and the exquisite design of the experiment can be called a classic in physics:

  Place a piece of paper with a pinhole in front of a lighted candle, so you get a point light source.

   In front of the point light source, put another piece of paper with two slits on it.

   Then on the display screen behind this piece of paper, you will see light and dark stripes.

   Simultaneously adjust the distance between the paper and the display screen and the double slits, and also change the density of the interference fringes.

  The importance of this experiment is at the forefront in the history of science, so that scientists directly adopted the same experimental principle when verifying the electronic volatility.

  So among the ten classic experiments in physics, the double-slit interference experiment accounts for two.

   Waited until 1808.

  Marius discovered the polarization of light.

   Later, with the discovery of Poisson's bright spot, the fluctuation of light said that salty fish turned around again and achieved a complete victory.

   Later, Faraday and Maxwell came out. In classical physics—that is, the world visible to our naked eyes, the definition of light basically ends here.

   Then another 80 years later, Hertz discovered electromagnetic waves.

  Photoelectric effect.

   This key dividing point between the macrocosm and the microcosm in human history was discovered by humans for the first time.

   During the study of the photoelectric effect, Thomson discovered the electron through the study of cathode rays.

  At that time, Thomson exclaimed that there are still such small things in the world as if he saw the scorpion go to the toilet!

  Thus pushing human beings' research on the world to another microcosm.

   After that, things are very simple.

  1900.

  Planck proposed the quantum hypothesis.

  1902.

   Lenard summarizes the photoelectric effect.

  1905.

  Old love, Einstein came on stage, summarizing the wave-particle duality of light.

  Old Love was followed by Lai de Broglie, who proposed the hypothesis of matter waves.

  He pointed out that not only photons have wave-particle duality, but all microscopic particles have wave-particle duality.

  1927.

  American physicist Davidson completed the electron diffraction experiment a year after de Broglie's paper was published.

  It is proved that electrons have wave characteristics, wave-particle duality as a basic characteristic of matter has been confirmed, and de Broglie's assumption has been proved.

  Since then until now, front-end physics has basically been studying the truth behind the phenomena observed by these sages.

at the same time.

  The entire debate about the properties of light has lasted for hundreds of years, requiring a lot of results to accumulate.

  So Xu Yun is not worried that the hint he gave to Mavericks will steal Einstein's job. After all, the theory of physics does not mean that just putting forward a certain concept can be equivalent to the truth.

   Like Mavericks' achievement in gravitation.

   Many people have discovered the phenomenon of 'gravity' or 'gravity' before Mavericks, such as the famous official Ximen Qing.

   But discovering the phenomenon is nothing, and further demonstration and calculation are difficult.

  The reason why Mavericks became the discoverer of the law of universal gravitation is that he deduced relevant formulas and defined and induced phenomena mathematically.

  So unless Mavericks can discover electrons by the way and summarize the photoelectric effect, Einstein really doesn’t have to worry about Mavericks getting his business done.

   Besides, in the wisdom of Einstein.

  If the Mavericks can solve certain problems in advance, his achievements may be even higher.

   Then Xu Yun folded the letter in half and stuffed it into an envelope.

  I was thinking about how to send it, but saw that the letter slowly turned into a beam of light particles and dissipated in the first door.

  Xu Yun: "."

at the same time.

  1672.

   Great Britain.

  University of Cambridge, Trinity College.

   "Hi, Professor Newton!"

   "Professor Newton, have you eaten?"

   "Professor Newton, I just bought a very nice swimsuit."

   "Professor Newton, my boyfriend wants to invite you to fencing on weekends!"

   After dealing with many students with a serious face.

  Newton wore his Anta sneakers and walked towards the office dedicated to Professor Lucas with a bag of bread.

  Compared to the time when we parted with Xu Yun.

  At this time, Maverick's expression is still cold, but the hostility of the whole person is relatively much less, and his eyes are not as dark as before.

   After all, in this timeline, the Mavericks have not been hit by Hooker, nor has their dignity been trampled upon.

   Quite the opposite.

  With the help of Xu Yun, he stabbed Hu Ke's heart a few times.

six years ago.

  After selling the first batch of ketchup outside Grantham Parish, Xu Yun suddenly left without saying goodbye.

  Although the Mavericks and William's family were a little surprised, they gradually accepted this reality as time went by.

   Two years later.

  The plague gradually subsided, and London gradually returned to normal.

   Mavericks bid farewell to the William family with a large ketchup dividend, went to London again, and returned to Cambridge University.

  At the same time under the recommendation of teacher Isaac Barrow.

  He finally became the youngest Lucas professor in the history of Cambridge University with his 'Firsthonours Degree'.

   Over the next four years.

   Mavericks has successively deduced a large number of mathematical and physical achievements, and selectively disclosed a small part of them.

  Although the published content only occupies a negligible fraction of it, it still makes him the youngest academician of the Royal Society.

   But in recent days, due to a special coincidence.

   Mavericks suddenly encountered some special problems.

   This problem caused great distress to the calf, causing the calf's hair to turn gray.

   In the end, I was extremely helpless.

   Maverick suddenly thought of the fat fish he met back then.

  The process of the first meeting between the two parties was very warm. Fat Yu was once shocked by the power of knowledge and fainted for a while, and Maverick took him home kindly.

  After Xu Yun woke up.

   At that time, he once mentioned that he was from Leiden College of the University of the Netherlands and was a teaching assistant in the School of Life Sciences.

  So in theory, the fat fish should return to the Netherlands after it disappears.

  However, the Mavericks have sent several letters to Leiden College over the years, but in the end they all fell into the sea, and no reply came.

   "I think it's about the same this time."

  Think here.

   Maverick shook his head involuntarily, and continued walking towards the office.

  As a result, as soon as he came to the door of the office, Maverick's thick sword eyebrows raised upwards.

  I saw this moment.

  In the gap below the wooden door of the office, a small piece of the end of the envelope was exposed!

  Although he didn't know who sent this letter, but the moment he saw this letter, Maverick suddenly had a premonition in his heart:

   perhaps

   This letter is related to Xu Yun!

  Think here.

  He quickly walked to the door, took out the key to open the door, and picked up the letter.

as predicted.

  I saw the letter "lifeiyu" in the column of the sender on the cover of this letter.

  It’s just what does the little girl’s photo with chestnut hair and pink clothes mean?

  With this doubt.

   Mavericks closed the door gently and walked into the office.

   After sitting on the seat.

  The calf didn't even have time to drink the water, like a bridegroom at the wedding night, he couldn't wait to tear open the envelope.

  Same as the letter he sent, Xu Yun's reply is also a very concise stack of paper.

   "Dear Mr. Newton:"

   "Mr. Newton, long time no see, I'm Fat Fish."

   Maverick carefully read the beginning of Xu Yun, and then nodded thoughtfully:

   "It turns out that this guy is recuperating from illness, no wonder he has been unable to get in touch."

   "But it's not a bad thing to receive the letter now, at least Lilani can give her an explanation."

  After Xu Yun disappeared in the early years.

   Mavericks and William Escue were somewhat reluctant to leave without saying goodbye to Xu Yun, but they quickly adjusted.

   Only Lilani, who was originally a brat, changed his personality after Xu Yun disappeared, and became withdrawn visibly to the naked eye.

  Although Maverick appears indifferent in interpersonal relationship, he is an exception in front of William's family.

   So it has always been.

  He is still very concerned about Lilani's situation, and he is also worried about the girl's mental state.

   Now that there is Xu Yun's reply, this girl must be more open.

   Figure these out.

   Mavericks turned his attention back to the letter and continued to read.

  “.The mathematical tools you have invented are really amazing. This is a height that I am far from reaching independently. Please allow me to pay you high respect here.”

  When he saw Xu Yun's praise of himself, the corner of Maverick's mouth could not help but raise a smug smile.

   But soon.

  The smile was replaced by seriousness.

  Because he saw Xu Yun's reply about his wooden barrel experiment again.

   Cask experiment.

   This is an ingenious combination experiment that Mavericks came up with three years ago (this timeline), and he created an absolute space-time view that seems to him extremely solid.

   Mavericks are even proud to think so.

  The value of this concept of space-time concept may even exceed the law of universal gravitation, and become one of the theoretical cornerstones supporting this world.

   But in a subsequent experiment.

   Mavericks suddenly discovered a certain situation, which directly had an impact on his cognition.

  As the inventor of the famous Newtonian reflector telescope, Xiao Niu is also experienced in making mirrors and belongs to a standard DIY expert.

  However, during a few months of mirror grinding, Mavericks discovered unexpectedly:

  If a light source is prepared, it will shine on the optical flat glass plate through a large curvature convex lens.

   Then at the contact point between the lens and the glass plate, a group of colored concentric ring stripes will appear.

   These stripes are like a whip, and the calf is extremely tangled.

   See here.

   Presumably some students have already understood.

   That's right!

   This phenomenon is the well-known Newton's ring in later generations.

  Newton’s ring is a standard interference phenomenon of light, which is one of the best proofs of the wave nature of light, and it was even recorded in the textbooks of later generations.

   Just follow the normal rules.

   Native historical Mavericks are not embracing volatility says:

  He adopted a complex theory of "one part is easy to reflect, another part is easy to transmit", and somewhat forcibly explained this phenomenon with particles.

   And in this history.

  Although Mavericks also experienced an unhappy childhood, during that time in Woolsthorpe, his concept received a huge shock:

first.

   Xu Yun brought him a lot of money through ketchup.

  These funds have made the Mavericks a lot more comfortable, and they are no longer transferred to Sir Humphrey's family because they cannot afford living expenses as in the original timeline.

  He was able to live in William's house calmly for a long time, and got the family and love that he lacked in his previous life-don't forget, Mavericks is not a single dog.

   More critically.

  The Yang-Hui Triangle proposed by Xu Yun, or the Han Li Expansion.

   These Mavericks' unprecedented profound knowledge made him suddenly feel that his ability is not unique in the world.

  In some places unknown to him, long, long ago, there were pioneers who walked a certain distance ahead of him.

  So after making many achievements.

   Mavericks is not as arrogant as in his previous life, thinking that apart from theology, he is the only truth that is omniscient and omnipotent.

   At the same time it does the exact opposite.

  His thinking is not so extreme, and he has a faint awe of this world.

  So after the discovery of Newton's ring phenomenon.

   Mavericks is not as far-fetched as the original trajectory, and it can even be said that it is a bit demented and uses some reason to cover up the phenomenon.

   Instead, he seriously thought about other possibilities.

   But if light is really a wave

   Then his absolute absolute space-time view will face an unavoidable loophole, because the fluctuation is obviously not an absolutely rigid state of motion.

  I don't know my own doubts, can Xu Yun give his own answer?

   Mavericks continued to read.

  Xu Yun first answered the question about the barrel experiment.

   "I can probably understand your idea, and it seems quite subtle at first glance. There are six incremental ideas in total"

   "But have you ever thought... You made a mistake in the fifth step?"

"Let us suppose."

   "Then the phenomenon of your experiment will become like this"

   "As the relative motion of the water and bucket decreases."

   Watch this section.

  The calf is like a sculpture of a meditator, completely motionless.

   But inside him.

  The most powerful brain in the 17th century was rapidly simulating and thinking about what Xu Yun said.

   Half an hour later.

   Maverick put down the letter, and let out a deep breath.

   Sure enough.

   It is indeed a fat fish.

  This mysterious man from the East really brought him some novel ideas.

   After rationalizing, Mavericks had to admit.

  Xu Yun's answer is more convincing than the phenomenon he observed, and there is no way to refute it except for flipping the table to play a scoundrel.

   So obvious.

  The absolute space-time concept I think is wrong, at least not applicable to any field.

  Think here.

   A trace of fear and joy suddenly appeared in Maverick's heart:

   Fortunately, this letter came early!

  Now he has just conceived the concept of the absolute space-time view, although he has expectations for its future, but he has not yet regarded it as a 'truth', let alone made it public.

  If I see this letter when I am forty or fifty years old and my thinking is deeply rooted.

   At that time, I am afraid that the whole belief will collapse

   Then Maverick adjusted his breathing and continued to watch.

  He actually had some preparations for the issue of absolute time and space, otherwise he would not have written to Xu Yun.

  So after thoroughly discovering the wrong concept.

   Mavericks quickly adjusted his mentality, eager to see if Xu Yun had any insights into the properties of light.

   This is actually a trick he played:

  He didn't tell Xu Yun the specific problems he encountered, and wanted to try again to see if this mysterious peer could give him some surprises.

  Xu Yun's views on light attributes are linked to the content of the wooden barrel experiment, so Maverick soon saw that sentence:

   "Have you ever wondered"

   "Properties of Light."

   "Is it possible that the two situations coexist?"

   Hear this statement.

   Maverick was taken aback for a moment.

   Immediately, a tingling sensation rose from the tailbone and went straight to my mind.

   In Mavericks original idea.

  Xu Yun may pick out some of his own loopholes, thereby negating his own results.

   It is also possible to argue with reason and clarify any one that supports the theory of fluctuations or the theory of particles.

  But right now according to what Xu Yun said

  Light is both a wave and a particle?

   How is it possible that one substance has two properties?

  Like a person, ta is both male and female physically?

   But out of trust in Xu Yun.

   Mavericks continued to read.

  "In Asian history, there was a famous foreign ancestor named Dijia who liked to cook big bone soup."

   "Once he found through calculation that if an opaque circular plate is placed on the propagation path of the light beam."

   “Due to the diffraction of light at the edge of the disk, a bright spot should appear in the center of the shadow of the disk at a certain distance from the disk.”

   “A hard situation to accept? But it happens.”

   "And this is a very typical manifestation of the theory of fluctuations."

  “But similarly, in the phenomenon of dispersion, the theory of the particles of light is also a fact that cannot be refuted by any loopholes.

   "So Tiga put forward a view, is it possible that light is both a particle and a wave at the same time?"

   See here.

   Maverick was taken aback again:

   "Shadow center, light spot?"

   Throughout human history.

  Speaking of academic slapping events or speeches that can be recorded in history, there are actually quite a few.

  The most representative face slap on the spot must be Poisson's bright spot.

  First mention one thing or common sense:

  In academia, there are many theorems starting with a person's name.

  For example, the Yang Hui triangle that everyone is familiar with, as well as Maxwell's equations, Faraday's law, the principle of the most handsome reader, etc., are countless.

  Most of these name theorems are to commemorate the contributions of the inventors or inventors, and belong to the concept of "retaining a name in history" in ancient Chinese language.

  But Poisson bright spot is an absolute special case.

  The background of the incident can be traced back to 1818.

  Before the Nobel Prize, the most prestigious scientific awards were the Academy Essay Prize of the Gallic Academy of Sciences and the Copley Medal of the John Bull Royal Academy of Sciences.

   Among them, the Copley Award was established ten years later than Gaul, but its starting point is higher than Gaul.

  This award is aimed at theoretical research, which demonstrates the high quality of the John Bull Royal Academy of Sciences.

   The award is very high, and there must be more people competing for it.

   Therefore, after the establishment of the Copley Award, the limelight immediately overshadowed the Academy Essay Award of the Gaul Academy of Sciences.

  Britain and France are a pair of happy enemies. Seeing their old neighbors come from behind, the Gaul Academy of Sciences began to meditate on its own past.

   After learning from the painful experience, I changed my strategy and discussed the combination of theory and practice.

   By 1818.

  The topic of the essay award is Diffraction of Light.

  Before this, the theory of light fluctuations and particles had been debated for nearly a hundred years.

  The representatives of the particle theory are a generation of arrogant old cows, and the representatives of the wave theory are Huygens and Hooke.

  Due to Sir Alex’s status in the arena, Moxie theory has the upper hand, while Wave theory is losing ground.

  Thomas Young's double-slit experiment seems to have brought a glimmer of light to the wave theory. It seems that there is a chance to sit up in a dying illness and talk and laugh happily for several years.

  The Essay Award took diffraction as the topic, which also meant rehabilitating our ancestor Huygens.

  At that time, Fresnel had just changed his job from civil engineer to optics, and he had already emerged and participated in this competition.

   At the same time it is very coincidental.

  Fresnel had already considered this issue before the competition, and believed that light is a wave with diffraction phenomenon.

  This time coincided with the meeting, he handed in the paper early, waiting for the decision of the expert review committee.

  The chief expert of the review committee this time is the famous Poisson.

   And Poisson is a firm supporter of the particle theory, so he naturally sneered at Fresnel's answer.

  He calculated that if Fresnel's theory is correct, there will be a very challenging phenomenon:

  Place an opaque circular plate on the propagation path of the light beam, then due to the diffraction of light at the edge of the circular plate, a bright spot should appear in the center of the shadow of the circular plate at a certain distance from the circular plate.

  Using human words. Keke, simplified in popular language:

  You take a flashlight and shine it on an opaque plate, and a spot of light appears in the center of the shadow behind the plate.

   At the time, this was simply impossible.

  Even now, it is still a bit unbelievable.

  Young Fresnel did not expect such a miraculous result from his theory before, but he finally accepted the challenge.

  After careful experiments, it’s finally time to witness the miracle:

  With the light coming in, a bright spot really appeared in the center of the shadow of the circular plate!

   And this bright spot is therefore also called "Poisson bright spot", and this event has become the biggest face-slapping event in the history of science.

  As a staunch supporter of the theory of particles of light, Poisson personally disintegrated the theory of particles in the most famous conference venue at that time, in front of countless colleagues.

  Since then, the theory of light fluctuations has become popular, and the theory of light particles has fallen apart.

  The particle theory didn't regain some face until Einstein was born, but the particle theory of time at that time was completely different from the original particle theory.

  So this can be regarded as a small selfishness of Xu Yun.

  Compared to being overthrown by others in later generations, it is better to let Mavericks discover the problem by himself.

Of course.

   From the nature point of view.

  Marius's polarization experiment may be more appropriate.

  After all, it proves that it is a transverse wave, which can neither be used for particle theory nor wave theory, and belongs to a very middle position.

   But Mavericks had already successfully proved the particle theory by using the dispersion phenomenon earlier, so compared with Marius's polarization experiment, the impact of Poisson's bright spots is undoubtedly greater.

no way.

  Xu Yun didn't know what happened to the Mavericks, so the dose must be high.

After a few minutes.

  After reading Xu Yun's letter, Maverick immediately began to prepare various equipment.

  Although the technological level in 1672 was not as good as that in 1818, the equipment requirements for Poisson bright spots are actually very complicated.

  However, as the academic gathering place of the most advanced technology in the world, Cambridge University is not difficult to gather relevant conditions.

   Two hours later.

  Everything is ready.

   Mavericks closed all the curtains, came to the operating table, and officially started the experiment.

   Mavericks used a superimposed prism-precipitated light source, and the diameter and distance of the disc were also selected optimally—the latter was the reason why it took him two hours to prepare.

  唰—

  The light source shone on the disc, and quickly formed a projection.

   Maverick walked quickly to the side of the projection, and observed with mixed emotions.

   After a while.

   Maverick walked slowly to the desk, pulled out the chair and sat down.

   A few more seconds passed.

   There was a soft sigh in the house

   And through the light source in the room, it can be seen that in the shadow of the disc at this time, there is a tiny

   Spot.

  The light fluctuation theory is also valid.

all in all.

   With the communication of this letter, with the appearance of the spot.

   This history, which had already changed the world line, turned again in an unknown direction

Of course.

  At this time, Xu Yun didn't know what he had brought to that world, let alone what impact this letter would have on him.

  He just waited for a while after the letter disappeared, and after finding that the halo didn't give any hint, he chose to exit the space.

"Um?"

  After returning to reality.

  Xu Yun subconsciously took out his mobile phone, intending to check how long he had been in the space, and whether he missed any calls by the way.

  But when the screen turned on, he realized that the time on the phone had not changed from before he entered the space—at least on the minute hand.

   In other words.

  He stayed in the space for more than half an hour, but not even a minute passed in reality.

   Something is obviously wrong.

  In the past ten years, Xu Yun has frequently entered the halo space.

  He can be 100% sure that his time in space is exactly the same as that of the outside world, except for the mission period of the copy and within one hour of the time-space album of the Northern Song Dynasty.

   Otherwise, he wouldn't have deliberately ran into the private room of the toilet.

  Think here.

  Xu Yun couldn't help touching his chin, thoughtfully:

   "That is to say."

   "The incident like that letter actually belongs to the category of 'task'?"

   "But in this way, what about the reward?"

   Just when Xu Yun was wondering.

   Suddenly a light curtain appeared in front of him again.

  【It is detected that the Wallfacer completes a special random adventure and gets a reward for the adventure】.

  【Rewards are being generated】

  【The reward has been generated! 】

  【Award Name: Inheritance of Cambridge】

  【Please note that this reward can only be activated after the Wallfacer completes the fourth regular task, and the Wallfacer can carry an extra person】

   After a while.

  A hard invitation letter appeared in Xu Yun's hand.

  Xu Yun opened it and found that it was written in English:

  You are cordially invited

  to be received

  for Time Travelers.

  Hostedby

  Professor Stephen Hawking

  Tobeheldat

  The University of Cambridge

  Gonville and Caius College

  Trinity Street

  Cambridge

  Location: 52°12\'21"N, 0°7\'4.7"E

  Time:12:00UT06/28/2009

  NoRSVPrequired

  【Reward status: To be activated (2/4)】

Note:

  It is very sad to tell you the news that one of my friends, Anxi You, the writer of "Take Off My Aviation Era" and "Great Power Ships", has passed away, and my heart is a little heavy.

  The 10,000-word promise to everyone tomorrow may be delayed a bit. It is a bit difficult to accept this reality, and I am really in no mood to type.

   Recommend a book, my sister’s new work for the bride, "I Loaded the Movie Script", very interesting subject, you can read it if you are interested

  (end of this chapter)