Imperial Master of the Ming Dynasty

"Before I talk about the concept and meaning of nation-state, please allow me to tell you a little-known historical story."

Jiang Xinghuo did not teach directly, but gave a counterexample as an introduction.

"Have you heard of "The Theory of Revenge of the Country"?"

Zhu Gaoxu's eyes were straight, and Li Jinglong also looked confused.

Zhu Gaoxu looked at the more knowledgeable Li Jinglong and asked, "Have you heard of it?"

"Have not heard."

"Me too."

"It doesn't matter if you haven't heard of it." Jiang Xinghuo nodded, "You must have heard of "The Master"."

"Of course."

The two of them suddenly felt that they had returned from the blind spot of knowledge.

"Very good, then let me ask you, why did Zhuge Wuhou write the "Execution List"?"

Teacher Jiang's question was very stupid, but the two of them still hesitated for a moment, fearing that there was some trap in it.

"Of course it's to boost morale for the Northern Expedition."

Jiang Xinghuo continued to ask: "Then what was the purpose of Zhuge Wuhou's Northern Expedition?"

Li Jinglong simply went against the grain and said: "Penalize and lead the three armies to conquer the Central Plains in the north. Exterminate the traitors and destroy the traitors. Restore the Han Dynasty and return it to the old capital. This minister is repaying the late emperor and loyal to His Majesty's duty."

"So, Zhuge Wuhou sent his troops to the Northern Expedition to revive the Han Dynasty and return it to the old capital, right?"

"Yes." They both nodded.

"Then why did Marquis Zhuge Wu want to revive the Han Dynasty and return to the old capital? Isn't it good to live an honest life in Yizhou?"

The two of them began to ask Teacher Jiang, who seemed to be mentally disturbed today, and kept asking for more information.

"Of course it's because the Han and the traitors are not at odds with each other, and the king's business is not on one side."

Just when Jiang Xinghuo was about to ask why again, Li Jinglong suddenly had an idea flash in his mind.

Duang~

"I see!"

"Tell me."

Li Jinglong said quickly: "Because Cao Wei had accepted the abdication of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty at that time, the legal basis of the Han Dynasty, or the 'mandate of heaven', had been transferred to the Wei Dynasty. As a corner of peace, the Jihan regime would not take the initiative to attack as soon as possible. If we attack Cao Wei, our own 'mandate of destiny' will become weaker and weaker, to the point where we are completely untenable."

"That's it."

Jiang Xinghuo said regretfully: "History has proven that Zhuge Wuhou's Northern Expedition did not achieve a decisive victory. In the end, the star fell in Wuzhangyuan, and Ji Han became a peaceful local government and was no longer able to compete with Cao Wei for legal authority. "

"And the consequences of losing legal authority began to gradually appear in the twenty years after the death of Zhuge Wuhou."

"During the Liu Zhang era, Liu Zhang's Dongzhou faction was dominant. However, during the Liu Bei and Liu Chan eras, it was the Jingzhou faction, not the Yizhou local faction, that dominated the Jihan regime."

"The Yizhou local faction has been suppressed, but they control the local land, population, wealth, and public opinion. It is precisely because of the lack of legal basis that the Ji Han regime began to disintegrate from within."

"Otherwise, do you think why Ji Han surrendered after Deng Ai sneaked into Yinping and arrived in Chengdu? It's not that he couldn't fight, but he didn't want to fight at all."

"But Ji Han did not want to fight, Ji Han was disintegrated from within, and Ji Han's legality was completely destroyed. In fact, it originated from an article that was not famous in later generations."

"——"On the Enemy of the Country"."

The secret room next door.

Zhu Di asked: "What is "Qiu Guo Lun"?"

The eldest prince Zhu Gaochi was also in trouble at this time and turned to look at the old monk Dao Yan who rarely spoke today.

Dao Yan raised his eyelids and said calmly: "It is an article concocted by Qiao Zhou, a Confucian scholar known as Confucius in Shu. The most colorful sentence in this article is 'Where there are no patients in a big country, there are always many slows; in a small country there are no patients. "Those who are concerned about their country should always think of good deeds," which means that if a big country is strong, it can attack other countries; if a small country is weak, it should be considerate of its citizens and do more good deeds."

Zhu Gaochi nodded in agreement after hearing this: "It sounds quite reasonable. If you are not very sure, you really shouldn't resort to force."

I don’t know if this sentence hurt Zhu Di, but Zhu Di immediately said displeasedly.

"It makes sense."

"This "Lun on Qiu Guo" clearly says that Ji Han should not attack Cao Wei and wait until he surrenders. What a bastard. If I were the emperor of Ji Han, I would cook this old man alive with a cauldron!"

"If everyone thought this way, there would be no need to fight the war, and there would be no need for weak countries to exist. Just surrender to powerful countries."

The more Zhu Di talked, the angrier he became, and the more he talked, the more anxious he became.

It was as if he was obviously talking about Ji Han, but actually he was saying that he should not resort to militarism and risk the entire Northland people to launch the Jingnan Campaign.

"Four years ago, I was still the King of Yan. At that time, I launched an army to quell trouble. What did those rotten scholars say about me?"

Zhu Di recounted in a strange way: "The great ancestor is the guest, the emperor is the heir, he has established a new policy, and he is loved by the world."

"Your Majesty uses a corner of the land to spread three armies to resist the Sixth Division. I don't know what your Majesty wants?"

".(slightly)."

Simple translation.

Zhu Yuanzhang had just died, and after Zhu Yunwen succeeded to the throne, he had made reforms and won the love of the people (Jiangnan gentry). You, Zhu Di, relied on only three soldiers and horses in Peiping to fight against the imperial army. I really don’t know what you think. of? The advisers in our court are like clouds and fierce generals are like rain, fighting against disobedience with favor. Isn't beating you just like playing? Everyone in the world (Jiangnan gentry) said that you, Zhu Di, used the excuse of the Qing Dynasty to kill Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng. In fact, it was just like what Liu Bi, the king of Wu, said during the Seven Kings Rebellion of the Han Dynasty, "The Qing Dynasty killed Chao Cuo". You wanted to be the emperor. Everyone knows it! Surrender as soon as possible. Zhu Yunwen will imprison you for life at most, so that your father's spirit can rest in peace in heaven. If you continue to persist in your obsession, when the imperial army arrives, you will not even be able to be an ordinary person!

Zhu Di showed his true feelings in a rare moment and spat directly.

"Pooh!"

"You are a spineless thing who confuses the public with his monstrous words. How can a real hero be afraid of the enemy's strength? If we directly compare the strength and weakness on paper, then how many battles have been 'unwinnable' throughout the ages? Go to hell with the rotten literati who don't know how to fight. Damn it.”

Dao Yan recalled the difficult years during the Jingnan period and even nodded repeatedly.

Here, Jiang Xinghuo continued.

"This is not really an article, it's just a satirical story."

"In "Qiu Guo Lun", Qiao Zhou gave the example of two fictitious countries, 'Yinyu' (meaning the remaining, clearly referring to Ji Han) and 'Zhaojian' (meaning the newly established, clearly referring to Cao Wei), Because Yu is a small country and Zhaojian is a big country, the two countries have been enemies for generations. Gao Xianqing, a native of Yu, asked Fu Yuzi what strategy a small country should use when facing a big country. Fu Yuzi cited King Wen of Zhou and Gou Jian as examples. It shows that if you recuperate with the people and the people’s hearts are stable, you can win.”

Next, Jiang Xinghuo translated the story as concisely as possible in plain language.

"But Gao Xianqing disagreed, saying that when Chu and Han were fighting, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu agreed to use the chasm as the boundary and not invade each other. When Xiang Yu returned, Zhang Liang believed that if the people settled down, they would not want to change again, and persuaded Liu Bang to pursue Xiang Yu , finally won the victory, why must we use the method of King Wen of Zhou? Now that there are changes within Zhao Jianguo, we take the opportunity to send troops to attack its border. Can we increase its troubles and defeat him? "

"Fu Yuzi replied: During the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king's gang was strong, the society was stable, and the people were accustomed to the ruling class at that time. If at that time, how could Liu Bang conquer the world with his stick, sword, and horse? Looking at the last years of the Qin Dynasty, , the world fell apart, princes came and went, rulers changed year by month, and the people were at a loss. Therefore, the powerful fought together, and those who were stronger gained more, and those who were slower were annexed. Now our country and Zhaojian have both been established. It has been a long time, not the time of turmoil in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, but the situation of multiple countries coexisting, so we can use the method of King Wen of Zhou to rule by doing nothing, instead of conquering the south and the north like Liu Bang did. If the people are tired, the country will collapse. "

"As the saying goes, it is better to shoot arrows carefully and not to attack easily than to shoot many arrows without hitting the target. Therefore, a wise man will not change the target just because of a small profit, but wait until the opportunity allows before dispatching one attack. That's why King Tang and King Wu of Zhou could not fight As for victory, if they blindly resort to military force and fail to assess the situation, even wise men will not be able to save them. If they use soldiers like gods, cross rapids, climb over valleys, and cross Mengjin without boats, it is not what I, a fool, can do. It’s over.”

After hearing this little story, Zhu Gaoxu rubbed his hands together and had the same reaction as his father.

"Isn't this a fucking sour fart?"

"If you want to say that the Han Dynasty cannot be revived, it is God's will. Ji Han could not stop Cao Wei, and he lost due to his momentum, but there was nothing he could do about it. Qiao Zhou was a thing with a human face and a beast heart. What he said impassionedly was a What the hell?"

Li Jinglong agreed: "While the emperor was still sitting on the dragon throne, he couldn't wait to throw out heresies to distract people and induce Ji Han to collapse without a fight and finally surrender. Then he could not keep his ministers' integrity and surrendered to the enemy on his own. He was They deliberately fear that the country will not be destroyed, and their intentions are extremely vicious!"

Jiang Xinghuo was filled with indignation after hearing the two people's indignation and agreed with them.

"That's why I want to say that one piece of "On Chou Guo Lun" is better than two pieces of "Chu Shi Biao"."

"The reason why "Qiu Guo Lun" can destroy the confidence of the people of Jihan is that Jihan is a traditional feudal dynasty, not a nation-state."

At this point, Li Jinglong came back to his senses.

It turns out that Jiang Lang cited this example to illustrate that without a "nation-state", there would be an example of the disintegration of people's hearts like at the end of Ji Han Dynasty.

On the other hand, if there is a "nation-state" as Jiang Lang calls it, people will be more united in the face of foreign enemies?

In that case, the idea of ​​a ‘nation-state’ was probably very popular with the emperor.

After all, no emperor wants his country to reach its end, and ministers are scrambling to undermine the hearts and minds of their own people in order to surrender to the enemy and become their ministers to continue to enjoy glory and wealth.

If the 'nation-state' is really so effective, then something as deceptive as "The Theory of Revenge of the Nation" will completely lose its effectiveness in the future.

Thinking of this, Li Jinglong became more and more curious.

After all, he knew too many secrets, and now he was about to embark on an uncertain mission to Japan, so it didn't matter if he knew a few more secrets.

No need to worry if you have too many debts, no need to worry if you have too many lice.

Jiang Xinghuo only gave an example and continued without any detours.

"The difference between a nation-state and a traditional feudal dynasty is very big, and this difference is mainly reflected in the people's sense of belonging and cohesion."

"Only when people know what a nation-state is and who they are can they have a sense of belonging and cohesion."

In Li Jinglong’s last class.

Li Jinglong fulfilled his role of admiration conscientiously.

"Jiang Lang, what is a nation-state?"

Jiang Xinghuo spoke slowly and at a speed they could keep up with.

"A nation-state is different from a traditional feudal dynasty. The members of a nation-state, that is, the people, are loyal to compatriots who have a common sense of identity and the temple system they jointly formed. The source of this sense of identity can be traditional history, culture , language, but above all the dominant ethnic group that occupies a dominant position within the temple system.”

After hearing this, Zhu Gaoxu asked: "Does Mr. Jiang mean that the common people will no longer be loyal to the emperor in the future? Or that there will be no such thing as Fanbang Siyi in the future."

"of course not."

"I just added a more clear explanation." Jiang Xinghuo laughed dumbly and explained: "The feudal dynasty is a political system that has lasted for thousands of years since Qin Shihuang unified the six countries. This is what the people agree with, so the Ming Emperor is naturally The highest object of allegiance to the people, otherwise wouldn't it be chaos? On the other hand, just as the barbarians now want to call the Son of Heaven the 'Great Emperor', in the past, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was called the 'Khan of Heaven' with the same meaning."

"That is to say, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was first of all the 'Emperor of the Han Family' of this country dominated by the Han people, and secondly the 'Great Emperor' of the suzerain country of the Ming Dynasty within the tributary system."

Zhu Gaoxu nodded suddenly.

Li Jinglong also understood the specific connotation of this concept.

To put it bluntly, it means two things.

On the first level, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty is still the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, but the Ming Dynasty represents a feudal dynasty led by Han people.

On the second level, your father is still your father. For Seyi, the tribute system remains unchanged.

Jiang Xinghuo continued.

"Of course, this is not a narrow understanding that the Han people only identify with the Han country."

"Rather, as Confucius said, we must achieve the goal of 'the descendants will not seek Xia, and the barbarians will not disrupt China'."

Li Jinglong thought thoughtfully. This explanation was obviously much clearer than the Huayi debate.

In other words, foreign races can of course be integrated into this country, but the premise is that this country is always dominated by Han people. In this way, the distinction between Huayi and Huayi can be clearly distinguished, and at the same time, the Jurchens and Mongols can be avoided. The emergence of the erroneous thinking of "replacing China with barbarians".

In this way, the question of whether Yue Fei is a national hero naturally ceases to exist.

Because there is only one answer, and it is unwavering.

Yue Fei is the national hero of the nation-state established under the leadership of the Han nation!

In the secret room, several people looked slightly excited.

"good!"

Gu Cheng sighed sincerely.

What Jiang Xinghuo said before was new to him, and he didn't believe it at all when he saw the future. Few old people in high positions can accept new ideas like Dao Yan. They have been in power for most of their lives and have rich life experiences. Naturally, They will be extremely stubborn and believe in their own judgment, and their three views cannot be reshaped at all.

However, the "nation-state" theory proposed by Jiang Xinghuo, which is dominated by the Han ethnic group, greatly comforted General Gu.

"That's so good!" Gu Cheng sighed, "In this way, we have worked so hard to restore the country of the Han family, and we will not be wantonly smeared by later generations of literati. After all, just like what Cao Guogong said, when we all go underground, we will be slandered again. What can we do to those literati? We can't really pop out of the ground."

Gu Cheng said sincerely: "Your Majesty, you should make great use of this Jiang Xinghuo."

"According to the veteran's judgment, this person is the worst of the worst. There is no problem in being a red-robed official in the imperial court who plans military and national affairs and is responsible for curbing wrong thinking."

"If you don't use him, judging from the current environment, even if he has the ability to establish a sect, he will probably be surrounded and suppressed to death by the defenders."

"A moralist does not kill with a knife."

Zhu Di nodded slightly, this was originally part of his plan.

Dao Yan next to him fell into deep thought again.

Something is wrong.

‘Nation-state’ is by no means the ultimate goal of Jiang Sheng’s lesson.

Dao Yan enjoyed this class very much.

Because he was different from the few people who passively accepted it, Daoyan vaguely guessed that Jiang Sheng's purpose was extremely secretive and powerful from the beginning.

Therefore, Dao Yan has always been slightly ahead of Jiang Xinghuo's ongoing thinking.

Etc., etc

Let me change my mind.

What is the use of the concept of ‘nation-state’?

Daoyan's eyes became distant.

He seemed to see the future again.

Daoyan's brain was running at high speed, constantly deducing the logical chain.

If the voyages to the West successfully cultivated the merchant class of the Ming Dynasty, what would the merchant class do?

They will increase overseas trade and earn more wealth from foreign countries.

Therefore, they must expand the scale of workshops and manual workshops and recruit and hire more craftsmen and workers.

These newly recruited craftsmen and workers must not come from the city. Those in the city have been recruited long ago.

So they can only come from rural areas.

Once this number breaks the balance, it will cause an abnormal state of extremely prosperous cities like the Southern Song Dynasty.

If agriculture also improves and farmers can be released from farming, more and more people will enter the city.

At the same time, many people from overseas colonies will come to Ming Dynasty.

That's when.

The traditional patriarchal system based on blood relations is no longer suitable for craftsmen and workers from all over the world.

After all, many farmers may have never left their villages since childhood, and hundreds of years ago in China, there might have been two countries separated by the Yangtze River.

This change broke the original identity.

Therefore, new recognition is needed.

This is what Jiang Sheng calls the ‘nation-state’.

So next, with the ‘nation-state’, what does it mean?

Jiang Sheng must have a deeper meaning, and it will never stop here.

Interesting. So interesting

Daoyan's triangle eyes turned and returned to reality, and then he rubbed his eyebrows.

There is too much unknown information.

Even if he is as talented as him, he can't continue the deduction.

We can only wait for Jiang Sheng’s further explanation.

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