I make a popular science video and all the emperors learn from it!

Chapter 71

The Tang Dynasty seems to be

It's not stable.

Li Shimin almost collapsed.

Isn't it good to have a good Tang Dynasty?

Now, it can be regarded as a big basket.

What are you guilty of?

Li Shimin complained wildly in his heart, but he didn't dare to really do anything to the light curtain.

It's weird.

Don't know what else to do.

It's better not to act rashly.

The ministers were also slowly reacting from their shock.

The eldest grandson Wuji knelt down and shouted: "Please give an order to your majesty to restrict gunpowder throughout the country, and all materials such as sulfur, saltpeter, and sugar will be controlled by the imperial court." "

The other ministers looked at each other for a moment.

Almost at the same time he knelt down and chimed in.

Li Shimin has this intention.

He hurriedly issued several holy decrees.

Do everything.

He muttered worriedly, "Don't make any trouble, Light Curtain, I beg you not to make weapons." "

Another dynasty.

Wu Zetian also collapsed.

The dynasty she ruled was even more prosperous than during the Li Shimin period.

The gunpowder scattered among the people is only a little more!

"Hiss~~"

Wu Zetian pressed his eyebrows with a headache.

Ming dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang is teaching Zhu Tan a lesson.

"You bastard!"

"You don't have a long memory, do you?"

"Come on, give us a wooden stick, if you don't break one of your legs today, we won't be surnamed Zhu." "

Zhu Yuanzhang was chasing after him.

And Zhu Tansa ran wildly, and even ran away from one of her shoes.

He shouted as he ran: "Dad, after listening to the explanation, I am refining gunpowder and contributing to the Ming Dynasty, not for my own immortality." "

Zhu Yuanzhang laughed angrily.

"You think we can trust you easily?"

Then, casually took the wooden stick handed to 22.

Zhu Tanren was frightened and yelled: "Dad, don't beat me yet, I'm going to buy some sugar and try what can be refined with sugar." "

Zhu Yuanzhang: "You really want to die!"

"Okay. "

"Let's fulfill you!"

Then, I heard the howling of ghosts and wolves, and it was incessant.

Another dynasty.

Zhu Di looked at the light curtain curiously.

He was curious to know what powerful thermal weapons were available.

He took the opportunity to learn it secretly.

It's a great feeling.

Qing Dynasty.

Qianlong complained.

"Noise, it's better to quickly popularize science to my Daqing. "

"I want to see the age of thermal weapons. "

He Shen immediately presented his fart: "Long live Lord, this matter is not in a hurry, anyway, the era of hot weapons was created by the Qing Dynasty, and I can't run." "

Qianlong felt a lot more comfortable when he heard this.

Not bad.

Anyway, it was the era created by his descendants.

No one should want to deny this.

[3. Application of gunpowder. 】

【Gunpowder during the Tang Dynasty】

[Before the invention of gunpowder, fire attack was a common offensive method used by military strategists, at that time, in fire attack, a weapon called a rocket was used, which was to tie some flammable substances such as grease, rosin, sulfur and other flammable substances to the arrow, and shoot it out with a bow after ignition to burn the enemy's position. 】

[If gunpowder is used instead of general flammable materials, the effect is much better.] 】

[Before the invention of gunpowder, siege defenders often used a stone thrower to throw stones and grease fireballs to destroy the enemy.

After the invention of gunpowder, stone-throwing machines were used to throw gunpowder packets instead of stones and grease fireballs.

According to the "Chronicles of the Nine Kingdoms" of Lu Zhen in the Song Dynasty, during the time of Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty (10th century), Zheng Wangfan led his army to attack Yuzhang, "sending a flying fire" and burning down the city's Longsha Gate.

】

[This is probably the earliest record of a siege with gunpowder.] 】

【Gunpowder in the Two Song Dynasty】

[In the Song and Song dynasties, gunpowder weapons developed rapidly. 】

[According to the "Song History of the Soldiers" record: in 970 A.D., the Ministry of War ordered Shi Fengji to ascend to the rocket method, this method is to tie the gunpowder cartridge at the front end of the arrow shaft, and use the reaction force of the gas ejected from the gunpowder combustion to shoot the arrow cluster after ignition, which is the world's earliest jet firearm. 】

[In 1000 AD, Tang Fu, the captain of the Divine Guard who was born as a soldier, presented the rockets, fireballs, thistles and other firearms he made to the Song court. 】

[In 1002, Shi Pu also made rockets, fireballs and other firearms and performed them. The appearance of gunpowder weapons on the battlefield heralded a series of changes in military history. Transition from the use of cold weapons to the use of firearms. Gunpowder was applied to weapons in its original form, mainly to take advantage of the burning properties of gunpowder. 】

[The early gunpowder weapons recorded in the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" have not yet departed from the category of arson weapons in traditional fire attacks. With the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons, there was a gradual transition to the use of gunpowder's explosive properties. 】

[Gunpowder mixed with potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal powder is called black powder or brown powder.] 】

[This mixture is extremely flammable and burns quite violently.] 】

[If the gunpowder burns in a closed container, it will explode. When gunpowder is burned, it can produce large amounts of gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) and heat. The volume of gunpowder, which was originally a small solid one, suddenly expands and soars to several thousand times, at which point the container explodes. Such is the explosive properties of gunpowder. 】

[A wide variety of firearms can be made by using the burning and explosive properties of gunpowder.] 】

[The gunpowder weapons used in the Northern Song Dynasty for different purposes were made using the principle of black powder combustion and explosion. Tribulus fireballs and poison smoke balls are firearms with relatively low explosive power. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, firearms with relatively large explosive power, such as "thunderbolts" and "earth-shattering thunder", also appeared. 】

[This type of firearm is mainly used to fortify or defend cities. 】

[In 1126 AD, when Li Gang defended Kaifeng, he used thunderbolts to repel the siege of the Jin soldiers. 】

[The war between Jin and the Northern Song Dynasty further improved artillery, and the earth-shaking thunder was an iron firearm, an explosive weapon of the iron-shell type. When the Yuan army attacked Jin's Nanjing, the Jin soldiers used this weapon when defending the city. 】

["Jin History" has this description of the earth-shaking thunder: "The gunpowder attacked, the sound was like thunder, the heat reached more than half an acre, the people and cowhides were broken and there was no trace, and the armor and iron were all transparent." Such a description may be an exaggeration, but it is a true portrayal of the power of gunpowder. The development of firearms depended on the research and production of gunpowder. 】

[Three gunpowder formulas are recorded in the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts". The content of sulfur and nitrate in gunpowder in the Tang Dynasty was the same, which was 1 to 1, and in the Song Dynasty, it was 1 to 2, or even close to 1 to 3. It is similar to the formula of three-quarters of the nitrate in black powder in later generations. 】

[A small amount of auxiliary ingredients are added to gunpowder in order to achieve the effects of flammability, explosiveness, poisoning and creating smoke screens. Gunpowder is constantly improved and developed in the process of manufacture and use. 】

[1044 Zeng Gongliang edited the book "Wujing General Essentials" introduced three gunpowder formulas, with different excipients, to achieve flammable, explosive, poisoning and smoke screen different. (Read the violent novel, go to the Feilu Novel Network!)

[Due to the continuous wars in the Song Dynasty, the demand for firearms increased day by day, and the Song Dynasty Shenzong set up an ordnance supervisor to oversee the manufacture of ordnance throughout the country.

The Ordnance Supervision employs more than 40,000 workers, and is divided into 10 workshops, each producing gunpowder and gunpowder weapons, and occupies a very important position.

The scale of production at that time is recorded in the history books: "On the same day, 7,000 crossbow gunpowder arrows, 10,000 bow gunpowder arrows, 3,000 thistle cannons, and 20,000 leather cannons.

" 】

[All these promoted the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons. Tubular firearms appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty, and in 1132 A.D. Chen Gui invented the musket. The musket was made of a long bamboo pole, which was first filled with gunpowder and then ignited and sprayed at the enemy during the battle. When he kept the rules, he used "more than 20 long bamboo poles and muskets". 】

[In 1259 AD, someone in the Shouchun area made a fire assault gun, the fire assault gun is made of thick bamboo tubes, this kind of tubular firearm is different from the musket, the musket can only spray flames to burn people, and the fire assault gun is equipped with a "sub-nest", after the gunpowder is ignited, a strong gas pressure is generated, and the "sub-nest" is shot out. The "sub-nest" is the primitive bullet. 】

[The assault rifle pioneered the projectile fired by a tubular firearm.] Modern guns were developed from tubular firearms. So the invention of tubular firearms was another big leap in the history of weapons. 】

[The assault gun is also known as the assault cylinder, and it may be made of bamboo barrels to get this name. 】

[In the book "Instructions for Marching" quoted in the "Yongle Canon", it is mentioned that when defending the city in the Song Dynasty, a torch was used to kill and injure the enemy who climbed to the top of the city. By the time of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, this primitive tubular firearm made of bamboo tubes was changed to copper or iron and cast into cannons, called "fire guns". 】

[The bronze fire gun of 1332 is the world's earliest existing tubular firearm with an inscription. 】

【Development of firearms in the Ming Dynasty】

[In terms of combat firearms, the Ming Dynasty invented a variety of "multi-launch rockets", such as the "Fire Crossbow Meteor Arrow" that fires 10 arrows at the same time, the "Swarm of Bees" that fires 32 arrows, and the "Hundred Tigers Running Arrows" that can fire up to 100 arrows. 】

[Zhu Di, the king of Ming Yan (that is, the later Ming Chengzu), fought with Emperor Jianwen in the Baigou River, and used "a swarm of bees". 】

[This is the world's earliest multiple salvo rocket, which can be called the ancestor of modern multiple rocket launchers.] 】

[In particular, it is worth mentioning that a firearm called "fire dragon out of the water" was used in water warfare at that time. 】

[According to the "Wubei Zhi", this firearm can fly at a height of three or four feet above the water, as far as two or three miles.

This kind of rocket is made of bamboo and wood, and four large "fires" are tied to the dragon-shaped shell, and several small rockets are hidden in the belly, and the large "fire" is ignited to propel the rocket body to fly, "like a fire dragon out of the water.

" "When the gunpowder is burned out, it ignites a small rocket in the abdomen and shoots it out of the dragon's mouth.

Hitting the target will cause the enemy to "burn the ship.

" "This is the world's first two-stage rocket.

】

[In addition, the book also records the prototype missiles with certain explosive and incendiary 453 burning properties, such as the "Divine Fire Flying Crow". The "Divine Fire Crow" is made of fine bamboo paper and pasted into a crow-shaped, filled with gunpowder, and propelled by four rockets. 】

[It is the world's first multi-powder cartridge parallel rocket, and it is very similar to the working principle of today's large strap-on launch vehicles. 】

[The development of rockets has made people want to use the thrust of rockets to fly into the sky. 】

[According to historical records, at the end of the 14th century, Wan Hu, a brave man in the Ming Dynasty, sat on a chair containing 47 of the largest rockets at that time, holding a large kite in each hand, trying to realize his dream of flying with the thrust of the rocket and the lift of the kite. 】

[Although this was a failed attempt, Wanhu is known as the first person to fly with a rocket. 】

[In honor of Wan Hu, a circumferential mountain on the moon is named after Wan Hu. 】

【Development of firearms in the Qing Dynasty】[]

[Don't say it.] 】

[During the Qing Dynasty, although the weapons were more advanced than those of the Ming Dynasty. 】

[However, corruption within the Qing government is extremely serious. 】

[The slack of army drills, the slow maintenance and renewal of weapons, ......]

[There are even cases of shell fakes!]

[When the two armies fought, the soldiers realized that the shells they were using were not gunpowder, but all sand. 】

【......】

Meanwhile.

The ordinary people of various dynasties were confused when they heard it.