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"Magellan" captured a 40km x 80km lava plain on Venus. The radar mapping image is very clear and can clearly identify volcanic lava flows, craters, mountains, active volcanoes, crustal faults, canyons and rocks. pit.

There are thousands of volcanoes on Venus, and there are often deposits formed by meteorite impacts around the volcanoes, like white flowers.

"Magellan" found that the dust on Venus is fine and light, and it is easier to be blown. The detection shows that the surface of Venus is indeed windy, and it is likely to be like the "monsoon", which blows and stops from time to time, and sometimes large storms occur.

The surface temperature of Venus is as high as 280℃～540℃.

It has no natural satellites, no water droplets, and its magnetic field strength is very small. The atmosphere is mainly dominated by carbon dioxide. In a word, it is not suitable for life to survive.

About 70% of its surface is an extremely ancient basalt plain, 20% is a low-lying area, and the plateau accounts for about 10% of the surface of Venus. The highest mountain on Venus is Maxwell Volcano, which is 12,000 meters high.

There are three craters with a diameter of 37 to 48 kilometers on the plain with an area of ​​25,000 square kilometers near the equator of Venus.

The surrounding mountains on Venus are irregular, there are about 900 in total, and the traces are very young.

"Magellan" took radar images of most areas of Venus, and many of its images and the radar photos taken by the former Soviet Union's "Venus 15" and "Venus 16" probes can often be superimposed and stitched together, allowing interpretation experts to confirm each other. , so that people have a better understanding of Venus.

"Magellan" probed around Venus from August 10, 1990 to December 12, 1994, and finally burned up in the atmosphere of Venus.

The "Galileo" probe that flew to Jupiter in February 1990 passed by Venus and successfully took images of Venus in the ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths. The photo shows that the sulfuric acid cloud at the top of Venus' atmosphere is very prominent through ultraviolet light.

Although the Venus space exploration has achieved fruitful results, there are still many mysteries to be solved.

For example, did Venus ever have a sea?

When and how did the greenhouse effect on Venus occur?

Was the surface of Venus reshaped by massive volcanic activity?

What is the precise chemical composition of Venus' atmosphere? and many more.

According to reports, in 2001, the Institute of Space Science of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan formulated a Venus exploration plan, preparing to launch a Venus probe with an M5 rocket in 2007. It is expected to enter a large elliptical orbit around Venus in 2009, with a perigee of about 300 thousand. meters, the apogee is about 60,000 kilometers.

It detects the atmosphere and geological structure of Venus by carrying 5 special infrared cameras and ultraviolet cameras that can penetrate the atmosphere of Venus.

Future Venus exploration will require long-lived landers, specialized descent detection devices, remote-controlled detection balloons, and orbiters to monitor Venus' atmosphere.

Japan:

The Venus probe "Xiao" launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in May 2010 was originally scheduled to enter the orbit of Venus on December 7, 2010.

However, when the "Xiao" began to reverse the engine injection and was about to slow down to enter the orbit of Venus, the communication equipment failed and lost contact with the ground command center for a short time, so that the engine stopped and passed Venus.

The "Xiao" must wait until 2016 before it can approach the orbit of Venus again. The operation team said that if the "Xiao" is still intact by then, it will challenge again.

Venus Probe/Year/Probe Name/Country/Mission or Achievement:

1967/Venus 4/Soviet Union/Information sent back to the atmosphere of Venus

1970 / Venus 7 / USSR / Landed in the night hemisphere, temperature was measured

1975/Venus 9 and 10/Soviet Union/The first photo of rocky soil returned

1978 / Pioneer Venus / USA / The first global map of Venus was drawn

1981/Venus 13/USSR/A batch of color photographs was taken and a soil sample was analyzed

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Chapter 227 Predicting the rescue operation