Harry Potter Morning Light

In 1250, Archbishop Grostestes attended the Grand Council of Lyon, presided over by Pope Innocent IV, who was also not in Rome.

At that time, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II did not respect the church. This may have something to do with his childhood. His father Henry VI died suddenly because of malaria. Frederick II, who was still a child, was with his mother in He was driven out of the palace by Minister Tuogu.

She managed to have her son crowned King of Sicily and renounced the German throne, and then a year after her husband's death, his mother also died, asking Pope Innocent III for guardianship and care of the young king. upbringing. But in fact, Innocent III didn't do that. The young emperor almost grew up under discrimination and abuse. Although he wore the crown, he was actually a prisoner. No one cared about him, and sometimes even eating was a problem.

He is almost no different from a waif, in fact he can still get his fill of food in the market. He only believed in himself, was sophisticated, well-informed, and talked to grooms on an equal footing, but hated the church people sent by the Holy See to educate him, and always believed that they were sent by the Pope to monitor him. When he was 15 years old, Pope Innocent III arranged a marriage for him to marry Princess Aragon, who was 10 years older than him.

Considering his 15-year-old age, even 10 years older, the Princess of Aragon was still young. She went to Rome shortly after her marriage. On the eve of Easter, the guardian and the ward met for the only time in this life.

Since the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV was not controlled by the church at that time, Innocent III decided to support Frederick II as emperor. However, Frederick had to sign a contract before that, the Golden Instruction, the separation of the Holy Roman Empire and the Sicilian kingship, that is, becoming the Holy Roman Emperor would give up the Sicilian kingship, become the Sicilian king, would give up being the Holy Roman Emperor, and promised to carry out During the Fifth Crusade, the Pope was satisfied that he had controlled the 15-year-old Frederick II.

It is a long process from a priest to a pope, and the people who are usually elected as the pope are not too young. When Innocent III died, his successor was an indecisive person. He made Frederick II not only the emperor of Germany , and also took Sicily as his "base", and even later the emperor surrounded the Papal State.

When Gregory IX became Pope in 1227, he immediately ordered Frederick II to lead his troops to the east. Frederick II obeyed, but quickly turned back, saying that his army had encountered a plague. Gregory IX did not believe it, and under the threat of excommunication, Frederick II could only send troops to Jerusalem again.

This Eastern Expedition was unique in history. He tried his best to avoid any confrontation on the battlefield, and entered Jerusalem through negotiations without bloodshed. At the same time, he married the daughter of the former king of Jerusalem and became the new king himself.

Gregory IX condemned him for signing a contract with the heretics and sent troops to attack Sicily. Then Frederick II returned to Italy with almost no battle damage to defeat the Pope's army and drove the Holy See out of Rome. The successor popes still felt that they could influence the emperor's succession, and even incited Frederick II's son against him.

Anyway, they were still stationed in Lyon in 1250, and with the support of the French king, they convened an ecumenical council in 1244, at which Frederick II was excommunicated, that is, excommunicated.

Excommunication means that the person is no longer under the protection of the church, and anyone can attack him and take his property, and this is commendable.

All this did not end until the death of Frederick II in 1250, and Innocent IV returned to Italy in 1251.

In addition to the issue of "pastoral care" stated by Archbishop Glockestest at the meeting, Louis IX also announced at the meeting that a new Crusade would be launched, but at this time "pagans" were no longer their confidantes It was a big disaster, because the Mongols came. In 1241, they had invaded Hungary, plundered Poland, and moved to Austria. Europe was already in panic.

In 1241, because of the death of the Mongolian Great Khan Wo Kuotai, the Mongols withdrew their troops in 1242 because of the succession of the Khan. And Louis IX also launched the Seventh Crusade with the support of Innocent IV in 1249 and landed in Egypt, but suffered a disastrous defeat in Alexandria, and he was captured by France. redemption.

He was later called Saint Louis because he emptied the treasury of France and bought the crown of thorns, a sacred relic from the Eastern Roman Empire, and put it in Notre Dame de Paris. Although it has experienced many wars and the French Revolution, it is still handed down in the world.

Both Philip IV and Boniface VIII were short of money. The difference was that Philip IV needed money to expand the royal territory and suppress the princes who resisted stubbornly, while Boniface VIII used gold to buy land, trying to establish the Ghatani dynasty.

During the Crusades, priests had the privilege of not having to pay taxes, but Philip IV advocated taxing priests, and the Pope said that this violated the principles of unity and conquest.

Philip IV grew up with Juana of Navarre and married when Juana was 11 years old and Philip IV was 15 years old. Because Navarre was the hereditary lord of Champagne, Philip IV obtained rule over Champagne.

The land purchased by Boniface VIII also had an owner, and the inheritance rights of the Colonna family were violated. What's more, the gold purchased by the pope was the church's public funds, so young people from the Colonna family robbed and loaded the gold. Carriage with papal coat of arms.

Among the people who hijacked Boniface VIII to Avignon was the patriarch of the Colonna family, whose family had been wiped out because of Boniface VIII. The pope first forgave the reckless behavior of the young people of the Colonna family, as long as they returned the stolen things, but asked the Pope's army to station on the territory of the Colonna family.

The Colonna family chose to resist, and then Boniface VIII sent the Crusaders to attack the Colonna family's territory.

Not everyone who participated in the Crusades wanted to go to the East to make a fortune, but not everyone did it for the pious faith. Although there are not many people, there are still enough people who are willing to join the war. The members of the defeated Colonna family are concentrated in the only remaining territory, the ancient city of Palestrina. This is the fortress left by the Caesar era. The palace and the city are also impregnable.

The Pope persuaded the Colonnas to give up resistance and be forgiven, but after the Colonna family opened the city, the Pope immediately announced the massacre of the city. Not only was the ancient city razed to the ground, but he also asked people to sprinkle salt on the cultivated land, meaning to curse this place forever Barren, Not suitable for farming.

Those who sieged and plundered the city did not get much wealth, because the Colonna family had already gone to France with a lot of wealth, including the gold used by the Pope to buy land.

And he was arrested because he was the same as the previous popes, and he even said to Philip IV, "My predecessors abolished three French kings, but you know that if the situation is necessary, we will demote you to a groom. "

Then the pope was kidnapped. It is said that when he saw Boniface VIII, the patriarch of the Colonna family almost stabbed the dagger into the pope's chest, but was stopped by his fellow travelers at the last moment.

Why, Nietzsche once asked, is it more admired for an aging man who feels his strengths to dwindle to wait patiently for the end of his life than to set himself a goal?

There is a legend, as someone whispers by the bedside after bedtime at night: that there was a Pope who, seeking immortality, became obsessed with alchemy, hoping to make an elixir of youth, whether it was the Philosopher's Stone or not.

After Boniface VIII finally took that supreme position, St. Peter made a prophecy: You slip in like a fox, rule like a lion, and die like a dog.

This is still a legend. The church said a long time ago that only they have the ability to communicate with the "higher world", and this prophecy was really said by Peter?

In his Divine Comedy, Dante sent Boniface VIII to hell.

When a rich man takes everything from a poor man, an illusion is created in the poor man's mind. He thinks that the rich man must be too despicable to take away even the little things he has. But the rich man does not feel the value of a single property so deeply at all, because he is used to having many, so he cannot put himself in the poor man's shoes, far from thinking that he has done what the poor man did. Believe in the kind of injustice.

A high-ranking person will not feel disturbed by the disappearance of a low-status insect-like person.

The injustice of the most infuriating strong man in history is not as "big" as people think, such as a prince who takes the lover of a commoner.

"How did it turn into broth?" Severus said as he wiped his hair.

"It's been simmering for too long," Pomona said, maintaining a smile.

He didn't care, tossed the hair towel aside, and sat down to eat a meal that was too late for lunch and too early for dinner.

Pomona has no appetite, and now she prefers to lie down for a while, and going to the movies can only be said for another day.

"There is a movie that I want to watch." After she took two bites, he said suddenly.

"What movie?" Pomona asked.

"Braveheart, it was released a few years ago," Severus said.

Pomona recalled that there seemed to be a movie about the story between Scotland and England.

"How do you want to see that one?" Pomona asked.

"Good music and bagpipes," he said with a smile, "and a beautiful view."

Pomona didn't believe it at all, but she still tried to say, "I'll accompany you to see Braveheart, and you will accompany me to see The Matrix?"

He didn't say yes, and Pomona didn't take that as an acquiescence.

But it's a bit certain that he'd rather see that annoying movie than the popular Matrix.

"You go to Braveheart, I go to The Matrix," Pomona said.

"Deal." He said like an auctioneer, almost hitting it with a small hammer.

"A deal," Pomona said, rolling her eyes, reassuring herself that at least they went to the movie theater together.

"Are you going to grow mandrakes?" he asked as if changing the subject.

"I have no such plan." Pomona said coldly, "I'm just an ordinary gardener, growing some daily garden plants and some vegetables."

This time he stopped talking.

Pomona took a big mouthful of the salad, chewing it like a herbivore, making a clicking sound.

In this extremely quiet situation, any movement could be heard, as if something fell to the ground, rolled around a few times, and dangled back to calm.

It was as if a coin had fallen to the ground.

When she looked down, Severus started talking about something else, and she quickly forgot about it.