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When I came to the Kunshan Health Center, it was not as deserted as the official office of the Sui Dynasty, but very lively.

In addition to the dozen or so clerks in the health center itself, there were also a dozen old men and women employed by the health center, and five quack doctors recruited from the local area.

The work here is very busy. The whole health center has set up outpatient room, drug room, isolation room, health inspection room, mobile medical room, infectious disease investigation room, health promotion room, forensic room, and general logistics room.

Fang Suo, Zhoushan Chemical Company has just sent a batch of new medicines, as well as a basketful of garlic.

When Fang Dayong heard that there were new medicines and garlic, his face immediately became happy: Take me there quickly.

When he came to the medicine room, Song Shidao, who was following behind, had his eyes wide open. He saw large and small dark brown and black glass bottles displayed in the room, as well as several wooden cabinets containing Chinese herbal medicines.

And Fang Dayong didn't care about greeting Song Shidao, he picked up the list and quickly browsed it.

In addition to the Pozhang Dan (artemisinin), the sore medicine, and the prescription Duma Wan (morphine), there are two other new drugs.

Tartaric powder, for intravenous injection, the dilution ratio is 10ml of distilled water to 0.1g of powder. This medicine is used to treat schistosomiasis. Precautions: This medicine is easy to poison and has serious side effects, please use it with caution...

Sulfa drugs, chemical antibiotics...

Fang Dayong was also overjoyed to see the effect and range of treatment of these two new drugs. Although tartar has a relatively serious side effect, it is better than nothing.

As for other safer and more efficient insecticides, Long Sha, who is in charge of research and development, is also a clever woman who can't cook without rice.

Tartar is already the most readily available insecticide.

Of course, this easy is also a question mark, at least for those who do not have a certain reserve of chemical knowledge, there is no way to do it.

Spit tartar, also known as antimony potassium tartrate.

The raw materials needed to synthesize the agent are: tartar, potassium carbonate, and antimony trioxide.

As the name suggests, tartar is the stone in wine, which is the sediment in the wine making process. Please pay special attention to it. Except for wine, other wines cannot produce tartar in large quantities during the brewing process.

In the natural world of the earth, only grapes and tamarind plants contain large amounts of tartaric acid.

If you travel back to the ancient times in East Asia, you don’t need to think about tamarind, because it is a native plant in Africa and Tianzhu, and tamarind is only suitable for growing in tropical dry valleys with distinct dryness and wetness.

On the contrary, grapes are the easiest to obtain, without waiting for the opening of the Silk Road, because East Asia is also one of the origins of grapes.

In the mountains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there are dozens of wild varieties such as thorny grapes, Mao grapes, and Huadong grapes. These grapes not only have extremely high tartaric acid content, but are also very suitable for planting in subtropical and temperate zones.

After successfully conquering Da Liuqiu last year, Long Sha asked Bai Yulou and Zheng Sen to find wild vines in Da Liuqiu.

After the first batch of wine was brewed in September, Longsha couldn't wait to filter out more than ten kilograms of tartar, and started the research on the synthesis of tartar.

The second raw material in the synthesis process is potassium carbonate, which can be synthesized with caustic soda and potassium nitrate, and is a simple chemical product.

Now the chemical factories in Zhoushan Islands and Daliuqiu can produce triacids and dialkalis in large quantities, and the synthesis of potassium carbonate is just a trivial matter.

Even nitric acid, which has been limited by raw materials before, has completed the industrialization of a monthly production of 600 nitric acid.

However, Lonza does not take the route of ammonia-oxygen method of synthetic ammonia, nor the route of arc method with low efficiency, but the route of combustion method.

Since ancient times, human beings' artificial nitrogen fixation technology routes include saltpeter method (classical soil method), electric arc method (energy consumption is impressive), combustion method (untimely birth), and ammonia oxygen method (courier and concubine can't do it).

The saltpeter method is the technology that Zhoushan Chemical Plant has been using before.

As for the arc method, the tiankeng with an energy conversion efficiency of 2.5 to 6%,

Unless Comrade Longsha uses the magnetic field to rotate and act as a humanoid generator, then there is no need to think about it.

The ammonia-oxygen process technology starting from synthetic ammonia requires high temperature and high pressure, platinum catalysts, and stainless steel reaction tanks. Longsha doesn't want chemical plants to go directly to the sky.

So she chose to be forgotten by human beings, born at an untimely burning method.

This scheme is similar to coke dry distillation, which is to use the high-temperature gas generated during the coal combustion process, plus hot air, to raise the temperature of the reactor to 1800 degrees Celsius.

Not only can nitric acid be produced, but sulfuric acid can also be produced, and the raw materials are coal and air, and the theoretical energy utilization rate can reach about 18%.

Although not as efficient as the ammonia-oxygen method, this scheme is safe and the process is relatively simple, and it is relatively easy to realize a chemical plant with an annual output of several thousand tons of nitric acid.

As for the dangerous and complicated ammonia-oxygen method, we should wait until the materials and machining processes meet the standards in the future before considering it!

The surge in nitric acid production has led to a surge in the explosives production of Rengelian. Currently, it can produce 20 to 30 tons of safe explosives per month, an increase of more than ten times than before.

...

Closer to home.

With tartar and potassium carbonate, the mouthful of antimony trioxide is missing.

Antimony trioxide can be extracted from antimony ore. Antimony ore is often associated with tin ore, pyrite, realgar, calcite, and quartz. It looks like a crystal clear crystalline mineral.

The extraction method is also relatively simple, that is, to calcinate the stibnite, and then remove impurities such as sulfur, arsenic, iron, and tin through chemical means.

After obtaining relatively pure antimony trioxide, metal antimony is further smelted through carbon reduction (high-temperature smelting), and then oxidation reaction is carried out to obtain high-purity antimony trioxide powder.

The raw materials are well prepared, and you can start to synthesize tartar stone. .

According to the feature that potassium tartrate is easily soluble in hot water, first add distilled water twice as much as tartar into the reactor, after heating to boiling, start stirring and add tartar.

After all the materials are dissolved, add solid potassium carbonate. Since the reaction is more intense and a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is generated during the reaction, in order to make the operation stable, when adding potassium carbonate, it should be added in batches and the stirring should be strengthened.

The feed rate of salt of wormwood is to test pH with litmus paper, and when pH is 7, stop adding.

Filter the neutral reaction material while it is hot, heat the filtrate to boiling, add activated carbon for decolorization, and then filter to remove activated carbon and other impurities.

The amount of activated carbon added is based on the fact that the material is colorless and transparent, generally 5-10% of the material.

Heat and evaporate the decolorized material. When the concentration of potassium tartrate reaches the requirement, put the material into a ceramic plate, and cool and crystallize naturally at room temperature.

Dry the crystals to obtain potassium tartrate with a content of more than 99%.

Dissolve potassium tartrate in water, then add antimony trioxide, the molar ratio of the two is 2:1.

Heating and stirring, dissolving antimony trioxide, co-heating and concentrating, cooling and crystallization, centrifugal filtration, and dried potassium antimony tartrate is the tartar we need.

This step-by-step process of refining, purifying, separating, and synthesizing has been explored by countless chemists in later generations.

And this is already a relatively simple chemical synthesis. If more complex compounds are to be synthesized, with the current conditions, there is no way to mass-produce them.

The core raw material of tartar is tartar, and before there is no artificial synthesis technology, this thing can only be obtained through wine brewing.

Fortunately, after the People's Revolutionary League captured the Taihu Plain, there were primitive mountain forests such as Tianmu Mountain and Kuaiji Mountain, where there were a large number of wild vines.

Longsha has asked Zheng Sen to organize personnel to open up a grape manufacturing base in Tianmu Mountain, so as to obtain more natural tartar.

In addition, garlic planting farms, houttuynia cordata planting farms, coptis planting farms, and eucommia planting farms should also be developed.

The reason why these four crops are grown is because these crops have huge uses.

Allicin can be extracted from garlic, or crushed and added to the feed, which can improve the disease resistance of livestock.

Coptis chinensis and Houttuynia cordata can also be used to extract natural antibiotics. The extraction method is the same as that of garlic, using absolute ethanol (pure alcohol) to extract.

As for penicillin, under the current conditions, there are still huge safety risks, and the yield is very impressive.

After all, later generations can produce penicillin on a large scale, because scientists have cultivated and screened it from generation to generation, and radiation has accelerated the mutation rate to obtain high-yield penicillin.

In ancient times, if you wanted to refine penicillin on a large scale, you should wash up and sleep!

Natural antibiotics such as allicin, berberine, and Houttuynia cordata extract, and chemical antibiotics such as sulfonamide are more realistic.

People in this era do not take antibiotics for a long time, and antibiotic resistance generally does not exist in the body.

The refined allicin, berberine, and sulfonamide are no worse than penicillin.

Especially allicin, this thing can exert its effect by local methods, as long as the garlic is chopped or mashed, exposed to the air for a few minutes, the allicin can be produced, and then it can be taken directly with warm water.

Fang Dayong received a basket of garlic, not for them to eat, but for them to set up a garlic farm in Kunshan, so that they can get local materials conveniently.

Good stuff, Mingli.

A young man ran over: Fang Suo, what's your order?

Fang Dayong ordered: You immediately hire two farmers who have experience in growing garlic and let them plant the garlic.

No problem, I'll find someone right away.

Song Shidao asked curiously: Brother Fang, isn't this garlic for eating?

Haha, Brother Song doesn't know something. Garlic is a good thing for both medicine and food, but to use it as a medicinal material, it must be smashed and eaten raw, or smashed and smeared. As for refining allicin, it is not something that the health center can do. .”

Song Shidao looked at the basket of garlic in surprise: I never thought that little garlic would have such a use.

At this moment, there was a sound of hurried footsteps outside the door.

A hired doctor ran over anxiously: Fang Suo, Xilin Daji sent two children with low-grade fever and swollen stomach. I suspect blood-sucking worm disease.

What? Talking while walking. Fang Dayong picked up the medical kit and walked towards the outpatient room.

When he came to the outpatient room, Fang Dayong frowned.

And Song Shidao has also seen this kind of big belly disease. Although the Lingnan area is relatively rare, the areas around Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, and Taihu Lake are high-incidence areas.

Because the lakes, swamps, and rivers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are densely covered, and once infected people appear in these areas, blood-sucking worms can easily enter the water source with the excrement of infected people, and then cause large-scale infections.

After asking a few questions, Fang Dayong was sure that he had schistosomiasis. The two children swam by the river and drank some river water.

Fang Dayong was very angry, and felt helpless:

The concept of sanitation is still not up to date. There are repeated orders to educate the villagers not to drink unboiled water casually, but there are still thousands of cases of blood-sucking worms reported in various places.

Officer! Doctor! I beg you to save my poor child! Huh, huh... The woman knelt down and begged.

The only way to fight poison with poison is to fight poison with poison. Listen carefully. Now there are pesticides that can kill insects, but they are very toxic. There may be serious side effects and even death. You can consider whether to use medicine or not. Fang Dayong was straightforward.

The couple were overjoyed when they heard that the medicine was available, but they were extremely worried when they heard that there were side effects.

In the end, the middle-aged farmer made up his mind: My lord! Please give my child medicine! If they can't make it through, it's their fate.

Woooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo... the woman burst into tears.

Fang Dayong shook his head, and ordered the others to prepare medicines and equipment. In order to minimize the side effects, he also ordered Lin Shiwang, the special doctor:

Doctor Lin, Qiwei Baizhu powder, the dosage for children.

Leave it to me. After several days of study, Lin Shiwang has mastered many prescriptions in The Barefoot Doctor although his medical skills are still half-baked.

For example, he will memorize the pediatric dose of Qiwei Baizhu powder, that is, Codonopsis 2 qian, Poria cocos 2 qian, Atractylodes atractylodes 2 qian, licorice 1 qian, woody incense 1 qian, kudzu root 3 qian, and Huoxiang 1 qian.

And the use of this medicine is children with spleen deficiency and long-term diarrhea, body heat and thirst.

The reason why Fang Dayong prescribes this medicine is to use it in conjunction with tartal vomiting. Among the side effects of tartaric vomiting, there are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rash, and low blood pressure.

An hour and a half later.

Lin Shiwang prepared the Qiwei Baizhu powder, and Fang Dayong also prepared the tartar injection.

Since the patient is a child, the child's dose must be used, that is, a total of 12 mg of tartaric acid, mixed with normal saline to 1 kg, divided into three days and six injections.

Considering that one-time syringe injection may lead to stronger side effects, Fang Dayong used an intravenous suspension bottle.

The needles are made of silver alloy, and materials such as stainless steel are difficult to smelt and process.

Silver alloy is currently the most suitable material for making needles.

Before the silver needle pierced the children's veins, Fang Dayong had already strapped the two children to the hospital bed to prevent them from moving around.

Use kapok soaked in disinfectant alcohol to smear and disinfect the child's needle insertion site.

Then he took the needle and inserted it into the child's vein.

The needle is connected to the rubber tube, and the other end of the rubber tube is a glass medicine bottle, and the air inlet tube inside the bottle allows the tartar solution to achieve air pressure balance.

As for the rubber hose, this thing is not obtained through coal chemical industry, but a product made of natural rubber.

There was rubber in East Asia during the Sui and Tang Dynasties?

There really are.

Most of the natural rubber that later generations come into contact with often comes from Hevea trilobata trees in South America.

But many people don't know that East Asia also has its own natural rubber, that is Eucommia gum and dandelion gum.

Eucommia ulmoides is a specialty plant in East Asia. It is mainly distributed in the mountains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The core production area is in the Wuling Mountains. There are also a small amount of wild resources in Tianmu Mountain and Kuaiji Mountain.

However, the hose that Fang Dayong is using is not made of Eucommia gum, but dandelion gum.

Because dandelions are found throughout East Asia, Northeast Asia, and Central Asia, although the dandelions of Daliuqiu are not high-glue varieties, they can be planted on a large scale to obtain a certain amount of raw rubber.

There is a village near Keelung that specializes in planting dandelions, and it is still cultivating and selecting varieties. Currently, it can produce about 12 kilograms of dandelion per mu.

The entire village has planted 86 mu of dandelions and only produced 1,000 kilograms of raw rubber, but the value of this 1,000 kilograms of raw rubber is very high.

Before Longsha proposed that Zheng Sen open up a eucommia plantation farm in Tianmu Mountain in order to obtain eucommia gum and expand the total production of raw rubber.

As for finding Hevea trees in South America, Zheng Sen didn't have that idea, because Eucommia can be grown in subtropical regions, and dandelions can be grown in temperate and subarctic regions.

Rubber trees can only be planted in the tropics, not to mention that rubber trees are very labor-intensive and water-intensive, and it takes four or five years to grow before they can enter the harvest period.

Although the yield per unit of Eucommia ulmoides and dandelion is low, both plants can realize rubber refining in the same year.

What's more, the so-called low unit output is not impossible to change.

For example, through reasonable close planting, sufficient fertilizer, and continuous improvement of varieties, at least half of the output of rubber trees can be achieved.

If in the era of unreliable navigation conditions, vigorously develop Eucommia gum and dandelion gum, natural rubber can also be produced, and there is no need to look far away.

It depends on the times, its own sailing conditions, and the demand for natural rubber.

At this stage, the demand for natural rubber by the Human Revolutionary Federation has not reached the terrifying level of later generations. There are several hundred tons a year, which can already meet the initial needs.

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