Black technology starts from the steel suit

Chapter 235 Chapter 235
Converting zirconium-90 to strontium-90, which can undergo beta decay spontaneously, requires the conversion of two protons into two neutrons, a process that consumes a lot of energy, namely electricity.

If you want to leverage the nuclear reaction, even the weakest decay reaction, the energy you need to consume is an astronomical figure. If Lao Wang's place is not a national key scientific research unit, and there is a battalion of soldiers stationed at the door, maybe Guodian should come Find them now.

This kind of electricity load is even bigger than the load of a super-large electrolytic aluminum plant. Isn't this a joke?
"Professor, the conversion work is going very well. There are no other shortcomings except for a little bit of power consumption."

"Can that be called a shortcoming?"

"This is obviously an advantage. You have to know how much energy waste will be reduced for our country after we develop this thing!"

"This problem has actually been solved long after the professor came out with a cheap energy storage solution, okay? After all, our professor started his career with this."

"And the cost of this thing is several billion, and that's not counting the cost of research and development. Do you think they will build this thing to store energy?"

"Are you crazy or are the CEOs of Guodian crazy?"

"This sentence is not a joke. Even if it is a few billion, I believe those bosses are willing to spend money. This is something that can produce radioactive elements. Do you know how much it costs us to import radioactive elements every year?"

"How many?"

"Let me tell you, when I have nothing to do, I take elective courses in medical school. The professor told us that the scale of radiopharmaceuticals we import every year is more than 100 billion."

hiss.
"By the way, you study materials one by one, why do you want to take elective courses in medical school?"

"Friend, is there something wrong with what you're paying attention to?"

"Nonsense, there's something wrong with what I'm focusing on. Isn't it normal for me, a man, to pay attention to the medical school?"

Nuclear medicine has a history of more than [-] years, and SPECT and PET are already one of the main clinical inspection items that are mature. However, both need to inject radioactive drugs before the equipment can recognize the signal and generate an image.

From 1913, when Frederick first carried out research on the treatment of various diseases with radioactive radium, to 1951, when the US FDA approved sodium iodide I131 for the treatment of thyroid patients for the first time, radiopharmaceuticals are now indispensable for nuclear medicine examinations less reagents.

Radiopharmaceuticals refer to a special class of drugs containing radionuclides for medical diagnosis and treatment, mainly referring to radionuclide-labeled compounds or biological agents used in the body for medical diagnosis or treatment.

After entering the human body, nuclear medicine equipment can detect the location and functional status of diseases that cannot be seen from the outside of the human body by detecting the radiation emitted by radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the special half-life of radiopharmaceuticals, the drugs will be released in a short time according to different nuclides. Or gradually "disappear" within a certain period of time.

Radiopharmaceuticals can be mainly divided into diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.

Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are drugs that combine radiopharmaceuticals with compounds collected in specific organs and image or map the intensity of the gamma rays emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals, which can be used to diagnose disease and test tissue function.

The tests are called nuclear medicine tests or radiopharmaceutical tests, and depending on the nature of the radiopharmaceutical used, there are SPECT tests and PET tests.Diagnostic nuclide drugs are a type of radionuclide drugs used to obtain images or functional parameters of target organs or diseased tissues in the body for disease diagnosis, also known as imaging agents or tracers.

Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are drugs used in radiation therapy that bind radiopharmaceuticals to compounds that collect in specific cells and destroy specific cells, such as tumors, by beta rays (a type of radiation) emitted from the radiopharmaceutical.

It is called radiopharmaceutical internal therapy or isotope therapy because it is treated by radiation emitted by drugs that enter the body.Therapeutic nuclide drugs refer to a class of in vivo nuclide drugs that can be highly selectively concentrated in diseased tissues to produce local ionizing radiation biological effects with or without carriers, thereby inhibiting or destroying diseased tissues to play a therapeutic role.

Radiopharmaceutical-labeled compounds or polypeptides can be used as radiopharmaceuticals, but the safety of these substances to the human body should also be considered.Since radiation emitted by radiopharmaceuticals can be detected with high sensitivity, the amount of radiopharmaceuticals required for a diagnosis is very small.

In terms of the amount of a substance, many products use less than a few milligrams in one inspection.At this level, its content is much lower than that of substances that have the effect of being used as ordinary medicines.

Therefore, the global market size is only tens of billions of dollars, and the domestic market does not dare to tens of billions of RMB.

Medical radioisotopes are the raw materials of radioisotope medicines. Medical radionuclides mainly come from artificial preparation. The main sources include nuclear reactor production, accelerator production, separation and extraction from nuclear fuel reprocessing waste liquid, etc., among which nuclear reactor production of radionuclides is the main way .

At present, there is a risk in the supply of raw materials in the nuclide drug industry, which has become a bottleneck in the development of the industry.In a certain period of time, the global production and supply of medical radionuclides, especially the production and supply of medical radionuclides with short half-lives, will still be in a tight state.

The heavy water reactors used to produce artificial radioactive elements are not as safe as people think.Moreover, due to the decommissioning of heavy water reactors around the world within a certain period of time, the production of artificial radioactive elements will face great difficulties, that is to say, when the global demand further increases, the output is decreasing.

And it's not just a problem in the production link, there are also problems in the transportation link because of the strict transportation standards.

Since radiopharmaceuticals use radiopharmaceuticals with a short half-life, it is necessary to produce it at factories every day and secure a stable supply to medical institutions.There must also be an adequate system to ensure the safety of radiation handling.

The framework of this system involves more related agreements on the safety of radiation drug transportation. This kind of transportation staff needs to be trained in radiation-related knowledge, and the vehicles also need special protective shielding and encrypted protection to prevent accidents during the transportation process. Lost radiopharmaceuticals by various accidents.

As the world pays more and more attention to nuclear safety issues, the pressure on transporters can be imagined.

Due to the short half-life of radiopharmaceuticals, medical institutions and research centers must be relied on for timely production and distribution.Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set up drug production centers according to the nuclear medicine departments in the hospital and the number of nuclear medicine centers in the entire region. For example, NMP in Japan occupies 70% of the radiopharmaceutical market in Japan through a reasonable layout.

At present, most domestic PET centers are concentrated in first- and second-tier cities, and the distance between hospitals is very compact, which is convenient for distribution.But in the long run, with the rapid development of my country and nuclear medicine, how to deliver radiopharmaceuticals to hospitals in remote areas will become a major key factor that radiopharmaceutical companies must consider and plan.

At present, the global scale of the nuclide drug market exceeds US$11 billion, and the compound growth rate in the next ten years will exceed 80%.Among them, diagnostic drugs account for about 5% of the market, and the future growth rate is about 20-99%. The main driving force depends on the approval of new 18mTc and 20F tracers. The penetration rate of domestic SPECT, PET and other equipment is still very low , its rapid growth will drive the explosive growth of diagnostic drugs; therapeutic drugs account for about [-]%, and the global market will enter a stage of explosive growth.

The launch of Bayer’s new drug Radium Chloride [223] Injection for the treatment of bone metastases in malignant tumors was launched in 2013. The cost makes it easier to become a blockbuster, which drives companies to rush into the radiopharmaceutical market and develop the anti-pregnancy industry.

The European Union made an exception and approved the marketing of the bare drug EndolucinBeta-lutetium [177] of the ITM Group, which is used to label peptides or monoclonal antibody drugs. In fact, it is intended to accelerate the launch of lutetium [177]-labeled drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors.

At present, the domestic nuclide market is not open enough and is in a semi-monopoly state.The profit rate of excellent companies can reach more than 40%. In the next five years, the industry scale will exceed 5 billion yuan, which will bring profits of 30 billion to 50 billion yuan to the industry, and will be occupied by very few companies.

Sales are expected to exceed 2028 billion yuan in 200.

2017年全球放射性药物市场规模为48亿美元，增速7%，其中美国占38%。2012年中国人均放射性药品消费是1.8元/人，而同期的美国人均放射性药品消费为37.2元/人，到2016年中国人均放射性药品达到2.8元/人，同期美国人均放射性药品消费为51.9元/人，预计2026年中国中国人均放射性药品达到5.6元/人。

The market size has great potential!

But here comes the problem. When our demand potential is so great, our radioactive elements, like medical devices, rely heavily on imports.

Except for cobalt [ 60Co ], most of the medical radionuclides needed in my country come from imports, and most manufacturers of radionuclides for medical use have risks in the supply of medical radionuclides.In terms of isotope preparation technology, my country lags behind foreign countries in the preparation technology of the main medical radioisotope Mo99.

Except for Co60 and F18, almost all radioisotopes used in China rely on imports, which has become an industry bottleneck for the development of radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine in my country.At present, many countries in the world are studying new methods to replace traditional reactors to solve the supply problem of medical radionuclides.

my country has also built three reactors that can be used to produce radionuclides, but they belong to different state-owned scientific research units, and each undertakes national scientific research tasks. The production of radionuclides is only an auxiliary task, which is difficult to meet domestic demand. The domestic company Chengdu Yunke The pharmaceutical industry also relies on the Nuclear Power Research Institute to promote the medical isotope production reactor MIPR and the use of MIPR to produce medical radionuclides.

According to the prospectus disclosed by China Tongfu Co., Ltd., in recent years, in addition to cobalt 60 and fluorine 18, the prices of radioisotope raw materials required for the production of radioisotope drugs/reagents, molybdenum technetium 99, iodine 131, and strontium 89 have all risen, especially Affected by the decommissioning of some foreign reactors and the increase in the demand for downstream pharmaceutical preparations, the prices of molybdenum-technetium 99, strontium 89, iodine 131, and iodine 125 have increased significantly.

But the situation is still worrying, not only the technology is backward, the safety index is lower than that of foreign products, and the output cannot keep up.

So the current situation is rather embarrassing.

It has also been mentioned before that except for the 99Tc molybdenum-technetium generator, everything needs to be imported, so this also greatly limits the domestic research and utilization, especially the out-of-stock of raw material production, there are 1-2 times a year Occurrence, this kind of production instability will cause the risk of supply.

Domestic production technology also depends on foreign countries at present, because the use of large-scale nuclear reactors and cyclotrons is not yet mature enough in China.

Yes, even if it is the method of paying first and then delivering the goods, they will give you out of stock several times from time to time, which is simply bullying the shoppers, but unfortunately we have no good solution.

In this kind of matter, we are as powerless as we are in the face of chip supply cutoffs, and it is really helpless to be beaten if we fall behind.

Therefore, if a device for direct isotope synthesis can really appear, then the most gratifying must be the national defense unit, followed by the medical unit.

If we can solve radioactive medical consumables independently, it means that we can reduce the price, which means that we can produce more drugs, which means that we can save more patients, which cannot be measured by money.

Of course, it also means that we can export and earn foreign exchange, and we can control the lifeblood of hospitals and patients in other countries, which means that we can have more say in international affairs. This is by no means alarmist.

Why are those big pharmaceutical companies who have so many problems, but still have nothing to worry about? Isn't it because they control the fate of patients and hospitals?
Although we don't want to threaten others with this, we can't be threatened by others, especially we can't threaten us with the lives of our people.

Although we love peace, it does not mean that we have no bottom line.

We welcome everyone to cooperate and will entertain them with wine and food, but only if they come with good intentions.

Technology export is certainly impossible. No one would be so foolish as to sell the chicken that laid the golden eggs, but eggs can still be sold, and there are plenty of them.

Of course it's the price.
After eating bloody steamed buns for so many years, you should spit them out too, right?

Benefiting from the development of the economic level and the increasing demand for health, China's medical device market has ushered in a huge opportunity for development.In recent years, my country's medical device market has maintained steady growth.According to the "Blue Book of China's Medical Device Industry (2020)", the market size of my country's medical device industry in 2019 is about 6341 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 19.55%.

With the technological innovation and industrial chain maturity of my country's medical device industry, the market capacity will continue to expand, coupled with the huge promotion effect of the epidemic on my country's medical device industry. In 2020, the market size of my country's medical device industry will be about 7950 billion yuan.

This is not a small number, and as we all know, this is another profitable industry!
(End of this chapter)