Master descends to earth

Chapter 194
The so-called five-color, a kind of glaze on porcelain, is a kind of porcelain that is painted on the glaze of the fired plain ware, and then baked in a kiln at a temperature of 600-900 ℃.

Wucai refers to the colors of various colors distributed on the glaze of porcelain, and Wucai porcelain does not necessarily mean that there are only five colors on the glaze of porcelain, and ceramics with more or less than five colors are also called "white" in custom. For multicolored porcelain.

The Ming and Qing dynasties were invented and developed, and its formula was continuously innovated and several major reforms were carried out before the colored porcelain mainly composed of red, yellow, green, blue, black and purple appeared.

There is no blue color in the color materials of the Ming Dynasty, and blue and white colors are used instead of blue, which is called blue and white color, which has become a unique feature of the times, represented by Jiajing and Wanli color.

A large number of overglaze alum red and underglaze blue and white colors are used. The underglaze blue and white colors are combined with a variety of overglaze colors. Black or reddish-brown lines are used to outline the pattern outlines, and the picture is dense and gorgeous.

The colorful colors in the Qing Dynasty were most famous in the Kangxi Dynasty. In addition to the commonly used red, green, yellow, brown, and purple colors, the blue colors on the glaze were newly prepared to replace the blue and white colors under the glaze. Gold colors and black colors were also widely used, making the colors more colorful. Magnificent and colorful, colorful and eye-catching.

In addition to painting on the white porcelain floor, Kangxi colorful porcelain also applied color on various colored glazes and various porcelain floors, making the colorful porcelain unique and unique.

Pastels are characterized by soft and soft colors, commonly known as soft colors, and colorful colors are bright, so Kangxi colorful colors are also called hard colors.During the Yongzheng period, famille roses were prevalent, and the five colors tended to decline. Most of them were small objects with finer paintings, unlike the rough and unrestrained five colors of Kangxi.After Qianlong, there was basically no separate multicolored porcelain, but it was mostly used together with pastel and enamel.

The most well-known multicolored work is the Ming Dynasty Chenghua Doucai Chicken Crock Cup, the imperial wine cup of the Chenghua Emperor.On the outer wall of the skimming bowl with a diameter of about eight centimeters, first use blue and white thin lines to lightly trace the outline of the decoration, and then glaze it into the kiln to burn the carcass at a high temperature of about 1300 degrees, and then paint it with red, green, yellow, etc. Fill the reserved blue-and-white decoration with color into the kiln for low-temperature firing for the second time.

On the outer wall, peony lake stones and orchid grass lake stones are used to divide the picture into two groups. One group is painted with a rooster holding its head high, a female chicken and a chick are pecking at a centipede, and the other two chicks are playing and chasing each other.The other group painted a rooster crowing, a female hen and three chicks pecking at a centipede. The pictures are vivid and full of interest, and many later generations imitated them.

The emperors of the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty asked the JDZ imperial kiln to imitate it many times, but without success, they wrote a poem in their own handwriting: "Zhu Ming is far away from here, and I still see it when it is declared as elegant furniture."Hanmang Xiucai is generally called precious, and the chicken pot is the most crowned.The peonies are beautiful, the spring breeze is peaceful, and the hens are chasing each other. The roosters are gorgeous.

Jinwei Tiegu held his head high and hid, his anger was as if listening to Jia Chang's call.Liang Gong's physical state is perfect, and the trend of China changes at any time. I am only wary of Qi poetry, and I dare not delay peace and prosperity.

Emperor Chenghua was keen on painting and calligraphy. Once he admired the picture of "Chicken Hen" painted by people in the Song Dynasty. He was very touched when he saw the warm scene of a hen and a few chicks looking for food, so he wrote a question on this painting. The first seven-character poem expresses the mother hen's love for her chicks.

Perhaps because of this, Emperor Chenghua had the wish to make Hua Doucai Chicken Crock Cup.Another scholar analyzed that there are two purposes for painting chickens: one is that the first year of Chenghua is the year of the rooster; the other is the homophony of "chicken" and "auspicious".

The Ming Dynasty Wanli "Shenzong Veritable Records" that first recorded the value of Chenghua Doucai chicken cups in the Ming Dynasty wrote: Shenzong's fashionable food, there is a pair of Chenghua colorful chicken cups in front of the emperor, worth [-].

According to Shen Defu's "Ye Huo Bian" in Wanli of Ming Dynasty, it is stated that each pair of Chengyao wine glasses is worth a hundred gold.Among them, the value of [-] is similar to that of silver and [-] gold, and the value of [-] should mean that the value of the chicken bowl cup is equal to the [-] copper coins in circulation at that time, which is invaluable.

At the art auction held by Sotheby's in April 1999, a well-preserved Ming Dynasty Chenghua Doucai Chicken Cup was sold for a sky-high price of 4 million Hong Kong dollars, becoming the most expensive transaction in the auction market for ancient porcelain at that time. highest record.

On April 2014, 4, the Meiyintang Collection Ming Chenghua Doucai Chicken Cup was held at Sotheby’s Spring Auction of Important Porcelain and Handicrafts on the 8th, breaking the world auction record for porcelain with a transaction price of HK$8 million. The buyer was Liu Yiqian.

On July 2014, 7, Liu Yiqian took a Ming Chenghua chicken cup with a transaction value of more than 19 million Hong Kong dollars back to Shanghai from Hong Kong Island with a copy box. After completing the formalities through the special customs channel, he went directly to Xuhui Binjiang bonded warehouse for West Bank art.

Later, I posted it on Moments, drank tea with a chicken mug, and posted it on hot searches, claiming to be the most awesome tea banquet in history.

Su Yuan studied the chicken bowl cup in the Forbidden City. It seems a small thing, but it can be sought after by several generations of emperors. It is indeed very attractive.

First of all, its fetus is white and delicate, thin and light, and the white glaze is soft and moist, which is the same on the outside and inside.The cup wall decoration matches the shape, which is sparse and harmonious.

The colors on the screen include underglaze blue and white and overglaze bright red, leaf green, water green, goose yellow, turmeric, black and other colors, using techniques such as filling, covering, dyeing, and stippling.

Blue and white are used to draw lines and dye the lake stones, flowers are covered with bright red, leaves are covered with water green, chickens are filled with goose yellow and turmeric, chicken combs and wings are dotted with red, and slopes are dyed with green.

The colors are applied between shades, elegant, fresh and beautiful at the same time, and the beauty of color application in flower and bird paintings by Huang Quan, a painter of the Five Dynasties is adopted.The whole picture is full of vigor and vitality, full of the fun of sketching.

This is enough to convey the harmony of the family and the hen picture. It may be favored by literati and scholars because of the emperor's love. Therefore, in the late Ming Dynasty, all chicken cups in Chengyao were regarded as the best wine vessels.

Chenghua porcelain is thin and glazed, delicate and exquisite, blue and white color is light and plain, and the brushwork is soft. Compared with the previous period, the front is strong and the back is soft and beautiful, each with its own charm.The blue and white outlines are used to harmoniously match various glaze colors, which is the so-called bucket color.

Due to the high requirements of the emperor's family during firing, the yield of finished products was not high. The top grades were enshrined in the court, while the inferior ones were destroyed, so very few of them were passed on to the people.There has been a saying among ancient porcelain collectors: it is better to keep it in a kiln than to be rich.

The imitations were the most common in the past 300 years. The imitations in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty were slightly taller than the real ones, the bottom diameter was slightly smaller than the real ones, and the unglazed part around the foot was wider than the real ones. The decoration is relatively dull.

There are thick blue and white dots added to the pattern of blue and white mountain stones, which are not found in genuine products.Some of the imitations in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty had high handles and lying feet, with Qianlong's imperial poems on the outside, and the seal of "Great Qing Qianlong Antique" inside the bottom feet.During the period of the Republic of China, the glaze of the imitation was bluish, the blue and white color was floating, the color was light, and the decoration was dull.

The Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli dynasties of the Ming Dynasty and the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties of the Qing Dynasty all have imitations of Chenghua inscriptions.Although the color and style of the imitation are similar to the original, there are still flaws to be found.

The Jia, Long, and Wanshi imitation models appear to have heavy strokes, sparse arrangement, and too large circles. They are similar to Chenghua models in style but different in strength, and their colors are thick but not bright. Only clouds and bubbles are similar to Chenghua kilns. Can be fake.

The imitations of the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty are superior to the imitations of the Ming Dynasty, especially in terms of color matching and inscription writing, which are very similar to the real ones.However, the authentic Chenghua models all have a layer of clouds and bubbles like beads, and the blue and white characters are dark.

However, under a magnifying glass, the imitations of the Qing Dynasty can be seen that the cloud is very light, the air bubbles are uneven, the cyan color of the characters is also scattered, the body color is slightly yellow or white flashing blue, and the bottom feet are slightly yellow at the junction of glaze and sand.

All in all, despite the large number of chicken pot cups, they are extremely famous and sought after by collectors. Any one of them can be sold for [-] to [-] million yuan, which can be called a big star in porcelain.

(End of this chapter)