Harry Potter Morning Light.

Chapter 3297 King Mesa’s Garden ()

Because they were delayed for a while at the veterinary school during the day, it was already dark when they arrived at Sens. Fortunately, everything went smoothly. After a day of travel, most people rested after settling in. Georgiana was lying on the bed, looking at the files of Trinidad and Tobago.

Since Richelieu signed the Treaty of Compiègne in 1624, the Dutch no longer captured French ships. Instead, they changed their targets to the Portuguese—Portuguese ships were the Dutch’s favorite targets for plunder.

In 1625-1626 alone, those privateers "captured" 80 Portuguese ships trading with Brazil. These actions severely hit the Brazilian sugar industry, causing freight rates to double.

At the same time the name of the Dutch "sea coachmen" began to appear, and by 1647 and 1648, 220 Portuguese ships were plundered, accounting for three-quarters of all ships sailing between Portugal and Brazil, "net gain “To the tune of N350 million.

The Portuguese believed that all sugar exports from Brazil should be banned so that Dutch privateers could not succeed and they would have to abandon Brazil.

But of course this plan did not pass. Fortunately, the Treaty of Westphalia was passed in 1648. The existence of these privateers affected the prospects for peace, and public opinion began to oppose privateers. By 1652, almost No Dutch privateers would attack the Portuguese fleet.

By 1653, the first Anglo-Dutch War broke out, and the Netherlands was defeated by Britain. Britain not only controlled the English Channel, but also reversed the Netherlands' position in the Atlantic. It was the Dutch's turn to worry about whether they would be robbed.

In 1654, the Admiralty of Amsterdam organized another naval expedition to Brazil, but when they arrived, Dutch Brazil no longer existed. Therefore, the 1669 Treaty of The Hague stipulated that to conquer Dutch Brazil, Portugal had to pay Salt of Tubal.

In 1628, the Dutch attacked a sugar ship near Lisbon while transporting immigrants to Tobago; the British believed that Tobago belonged to them because the island was acquired by Sir Warner in 1626; the Spanish believed that Columbus was the discoverer; the French claimed Tobago for themselves because Bishop Richelieu had made a bounty to the French West India Company of which the island was a part.

Later even the pirates operating under the orders of the Governor of Jamaica, which notoriously cared little for its Caribbean neighbors, became interested in the island.

Since the 18th century, Tobago has been sandwiched between Britain, France, France and the Netherlands, and was occasionally invaded by pirates. Since the War of Spanish Succession, the Spanish royal family has been succeeded by the Bourbon branch, and Spain and Portugal, which were the first to appear here, have withdrawn one after another.

The territorial dispute area between Spain and Portugal is in Venezuela. The landing point of Humboldt's trip to South America is Cumana, located at 10 degrees north latitude, 64 degrees west longitude, east of the Papal Meridian. In theory, it belongs to the territory of the Portuguese, but this port It belongs to the Spanish.

The British navy entering Rio de Janeiro was even more powerful than during the Anglo-Dutch War. If the Portuguese could stop it, they would not be robbed. At the end of the First Anglo-Dutch War, although the Netherlands lost control of the English Channel, it completely paralyzed British trade in the Mediterranean through the Battle of Elba and the Battle of Livorno. After many battles, Britain also fought with the Dutch Hospital. Exhausted by the war, he agreed to negotiate for peace.

She couldn't help but sigh when she saw this.

Not only cotton plantations, sugar cane plantations also need slaves, but the situation has changed a bit now.

In the past, the slave trade was not criticized or banned. As anti-slavery calls are rising today, slave exports are restricted, and the demand for slaves in sugar cane plantations continues, causing the price of slaves to rise. If a slave was worth half a car in the past, Economical and practical car, buy an economical and practical car now.

An economical and practical car can be driven for more than ten years, and the maintenance cost is not high. The maintenance cost of a supercar is enough to buy an economical and practical car.

Slaves are used for "production", and of course it is better to be strong and durable.

The original sugar cane plantations were cultivated by prisoners, and some contracted farmers were turned into slaves because they had bad tempers and were difficult to control. Now the price of those prisoners is much cheaper than slaves, and there is no need to send them to places like Australia. exile.

Cato's manor was half slaves and half wage farmers, which does not mean that slavery is necessarily the most economical. Portugal's management model is to set up warehouses in several ports. This is the reason why their colonies are favored by Britain and the Netherlands. Spain is all connected.

But Georgiana now wants to use the Portuguese model to set up ports in the eastern Mediterranean to avoid overly intervening in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire.

It was a swamp, a whirlpool, and an imperial cemetery. Few who got involved had a good end. Now it seems that Napoleon has achieved victory and fame there. It's hard to say what the future will be like.

The last time she heard Bonaparte talk about Egypt, the spice market in Alexandria was not as prosperous as written in history. So once she cooked the same Renaissance-style dish as they had in Venice, and he couldn't eat it.

People's tastes in the 19th century have changed, and they are not as fond of spices as people in the Middle Ages. Even if no new routes are opened, the spice trade via Egypt will become less important and will gradually be replaced by wool, raw silk, and cotton yarn.

When Constantinople was still there, all goods entering Europe had to pass through Constantinople. Later, Constantinople became Istanbul, and all goods coming overland from the east had to pass through Vienna. .

Later, the Austrians and the Ottomans fought many times, and the Ottoman prisoners of war became slaves, as did the Austrian prisoners of war.

"Where is your conscience?" Georgiana warned herself, put the book aside, blew out the candles and tried to sleep, but she couldn't fall asleep.

Napoleon forgave the Portuguese royal family for their rash actions, and Cairo, which fell into anarchy, was still fresh in his memory. Louis XIV also built Versailles with the purpose of leaving Paris, but he required Portugal to pay sugar and tobacco worth 400 million francs every year.

Saint-Malo has been involved in American silver smuggling very early. They would go to Newfoundland fishing boats to transport cod to Spain, Marseille, and Genoa. They would then transport the American silver from these places to Brittany, and transport Brittany's cloth to the New World for sale. , so they got the title of "sea freighters".

Her head was full of Halles and francs in the Levant. Lyon and Limoges had already secured new mints, but what about Toulouse?

Many of the young doctors who went to Egypt were from Toulouse and Montpellier, but there were so many Orthodox in Toulouse.

A country's finances must be considered as a whole. If the French East India Company's income could be state-owned, the deficit would not be so severe.

However, the income of the French East India Company belongs to the royal family. The nobles' stock dividends are as high as 16%, and the common people continue to increase taxes. The Bagadier Garden was built in 1775. At that time, the Duke of Artois lost a bet with Marie Antoinette, and he may have lost it on purpose, so as to use the opportunity to give the queen a palace. He had just inherited the title of his grandfather at the time. His father and brother are both dead.

This rich, generous, and handsome Duke was the "Don Juan" of Versailles. He did not die because he took his family to travel to Italy before the revolution broke out in 1789.

Now he relies entirely on the future George IV for financial support and lives with his mistress in Edinburgh. The future Charles X rejected the constitutional monarchy and wanted to continue the previous autocratic monarchy. Before, she was still wondering why the Bagatier Garden was there, but now Understood.

Since she couldn't sleep anyway, Georgiana simply got up and read a book. Reading in the car made her really dizzy, and the carriage shook too much. She could sleep in the car during the day tomorrow.

Although I heard that the road tomorrow was built by the Romans and would be much smoother than the road we walked today, the next stop was Troyes, the ancient Roman town that was flooded due to a dyke burst in 1910.

(End of this chapter)