Harry Potter Morning Light

Chapter 2011 The Thickness of the Crucible ([-])
In 1733, a watchmaker named Kay invented the flying shuttle by using the principle of the spring inside the clock. In fact, it is a shuttle with small wheels at both ends of the chute. The speed of the machine became faster, which greatly improved the efficiency of weaving. However, this was not the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

As weaving efficiency increases, the supply of cotton yarn cannot keep up.First of all, the cotton textile industry is not original to Britain, but imitated Indian cotton.However, in 1721, the Parliament ordered the absolute prohibition of importing cotton yarn from India. The price of cotton yarn soared when the supply was in short supply. People were thinking hard about ways to improve the efficiency of cotton yarn output.But it wasn't until 1764, when a weaver kicked over his wife's spinning machine, that innovation really broke out.

However, with the emergence of hydraulic spinning machines and mule machines, the loom has not been innovated again, which means that the output of spinning yarn is higher than the demand for spinning cloth in the UK, resulting in overcapacity, and various cotton yarn manufacturers have cut prices to promote sales .With the decline in raw materials, the price of cotton cloth also fell, but at this time Britain still relied mainly on manual textiles.

This is entirely a lesson learned from the spinning industry. Even if someone has invented a hydraulic loom, if the efficiency of the new loom is tripled, the 20 people engaged in the hand-woven industry will be reduced by 15.

Of course, they may not care. The year when the trade agreement was implemented in 1786 happened to be the time when the U.S. Constitutional Convention was held. George III's madness was not only due to his own physical problems.

Although he was a little crazy, he was not like Louis XVI who had to win the War of Independence at all costs, and then William Pitt Jr. reformed the tax system, hoping to collect taxes from the rich people produced by the cotton textile industry.

In other words, the prosperity of the British textile industry rose by killing all non-European textile industries. The agreement in 1786 almost killed the French textile industry, but the French were not as obedient as the Indians. Trade implementation Two years later, the French Revolution broke out. People in the frontier may not feel it, but the Paris Chamber of Commerce has a deep understanding, so they donated money to buy a warship named "Paris Commerce".

And adults are not as obedient as children, and children have slender fingers and short stature, so they don't need to bend down to check those lines like adults.

Their salary is one-third to one-sixth of that of adults, and some even just provide board and lodging. In the north and southwest, children start working when they are four or five years old.At the beginning, Pete agreed with this approach. In his speech, he publicly stated "the benefits of arranging them (referring to children) to jobs that they are competent at an early age."If anyone would take the trouble to calculate the total value that the children have earned from the present time, it would be sufficient to supply their own needs, free from the burden of the state.

William Pitt was handsome but never married.In his eyes, children are a burden that needs to be invested in raising costs. It is a pity that they are not able to work as soon as they are born.The reason why he changed like this was also because of many things that happened, the first was the anti-tax riot organized by the Cotton Textile Association in 1784, and the second was the increasing crime rate.

First of all, spinning mills need to be built near water, which makes it unsuitable to build factories in cities without active water, and spinning mills also need a large area, and after the yarn is produced, it must be distributed to weavers working at home. After the fabric workers finished their work by piece rate, the manager who received the product would often not pay the price agreed at the beginning, but would give a [-]% discount, using the excuse that the quality of the fabric they spun was not up to standard Defective things, after they are taken away, they will sell them nearby, so the suburbs of the city are ideal locations for building factories.

This resulted in factories absorbing many peri-urban peasants, who were often restless and not respected among the rural classes.Mr. Bennett in "Pride and Prejudice" is a representative of the squire. He has land, property, and several noisy daughters, but no sons, which leads him to need a male relative to inherit his industry.

And these workers do not have any property to inherit. They are used to lying and stealing. Even if the theft will be sentenced to hanging, it is still unstoppable, especially children. In 1801, a 13-year-old child was sentenced to death for stealing a spoon. Many seven or eight Children as young as [-] were hanged for stealing such insignificant trinkets as food, handkerchiefs, and hats.

When Robert Peel put forward the proposal, he pointed out the moral corruption of young workers, and he believed that the reasons for these people's degradation were firstly because they lived too mixed a life, and secondly because of lack of education.

An argument that would have moved even the most unsympathetic mind, the Bill passed the House of Lords without hindrance, while Peel was admired and respected by all "for his humanity and devotion to the country."

However, in the House of Commons, it got stuck on the second reading.Members of the British House of Commons can be bought. Many first-generation factory owners have bought one for their sons or promising relatives. If Robert Peel Jr.’s grades are good enough, the old Robert will also buy one for him. Position.

This law, originally titled "For the Protection of All Mills and Manufactures," is now discussed as "A Law for the Protection of the Health and Morality of Spinners and Other Factory Apprentices, etc.," and is almost relegated to the Poor Laws of no importance. supplementary range.

These children did not get enough rest and exercise when they grew up. Although they have been doing physical labor, their muscles are slack, and they may not be able to complete the obligations of adults when they grow up.And there are indeed some parents who keep procreating and exploiting their children for a living, and they don't care if their children grow up.

Napoleon didn't give Arthur Young a good look because he described France as a country of extreme suffering and poverty after his previous travels in France, and the superiority of the British system was written on every page of his works , the food, housing and clothing of rural farmers and workers in the UK are better than those in France, and there are fewer cases of lack of food.Tea was originally drunk by nobles, but now it is drunk by people who are too poor to drink beer. He said at the breakfast table that the taste of beer is a problem... In short, Muggle children can't drink butterbeer.

At the beginning, Robert Peel "requested" that all factory owners must follow this law. He walked in his factory and was shocked by the sickness and misery of the apprentices, the harsh living environment, and their ignorance and wickedness. He tends to worry, and when he learns that other factories are worse, he feels that it is necessary to correct the situation and take general measures.

Now his tone has changed: it is unreasonable to extend the law to the smallest cottages in England.As for the topic that "the lower class must not be exploited to change their destiny", the topic is not mentioned at all.

Factories should also be divided into sizes. It may be easier to supervise large factories. Small and medium-sized factories are distributed in rural areas. against their liberty and industrial interests.Handcraft workshops are not just spinning mills, but also ironworks, glass, and ceramics.

The changes brought about by the big factories to the population are obvious. After the Glorious Revolution, the land aristocracy of the Tory Party manipulated the election of members of parliament. Due to the loss of population, the declining constituencies will reduce the seats of some constituencies with increasing population, and allocate seats to those constituencies with increasing population, that is, emerging industrial cities will get more seats.

If according to the statutes of the Wool Weavers Guild in Paris, each weaver is only allowed to have two wide looms and one narrow loom in his home, and each weaver is only allowed to lead one apprentice at most, and anyone in the guild can Work must not be started before sunrise, and violators will be fined by dividing the craftsman, and weavers and helpers are to stop working after the first vesper bell, no matter how far they have worked.

These regulations limited the number of looms, the number of people and labor hours in the workshop.These regulations are not intended to protect apprentices and journeymen, or to alleviate exploitation, but are the result of avoiding free competition and leading to the bankruptcy of whole industries.

As for the product regulations, Paris weaving full-width cloth must have the same tough warp and weft threads, and the number of lines of the full-width cloth is also regulated. feet long.

There are rules in the wool textile industry, but not in the cotton textile industry, and even the British Silk Guild, which has no sense of existence, has corresponding rules.

As for the two pieces of cloth that Georgiana randomly found in the market, they were of different fixed lengths. Shaputal didn't know whether it was because he was acting vigorously, or there was something hidden.The size of the looms in the homes of British weavers is uncertain, but there must be a gap between the first-class and second-class products, even if they are similar in style.

The same is true of people. They look similar, but they are very different. The first batch of apprentices made the stewards of the parish orphanage earn a lot of money. They can wear silk, ride good horses, and wear silver pocket watches, but it is up to them to manage Religious education is gone.

Peale asked the apprentices to go to the church outside or in the factory to attend the prayer service on Sundays. In order to supervise the implementation of the law, the security judge in this county should send two inspectors every year, one selected from the local officials, and the other from the state church pastor. select.These inspectors have the right to enter the factory at any time, and have the right to call a doctor immediately. If they find an infectious disease call, they have the obligation to report to the county court where the security judge belongs.

As for the implementation, Oliver has already told the answer. Many children escaped from the orphanage and would rather pickpocket on the street than go back.In contrast, the Wu's Orphanage where Tom Riddle once stayed was simply a paradise.

They were all wearing grown-up clothes, which looked like some sort of baggy robe that didn't fit.England during the Industrial Revolution always reminded her of Cokeworth, and the pale, thin boy in his mother's floral shirt.

The clock was ticking, and without the Time-Turner, she wouldn't have conceived the crazy idea of ​​rescuing the bloodied double agent who died just as victory was approaching.

Why didn't Harry even think at the time that Arthur Weasley was bitten by Nagini just like Severus, and there was an antidote in St. Mungo's, as long as he was sent to the hospital and fed blood A dose will bring him back to life.

After chatting with the "senator", Georgiana walked out of the church and walked to the temporary residence surrounded by Figel and a group of French people.

Maybe she won't weave a tapestry like Josephine, but she can try another thing.

But she needs time to think carefully, otherwise what she produces may be a mess, not as good as the original.

(End of this chapter)