Harry Potter Morning Light

Chapter 1441 "A Gentleman's Magazine"

In 1786, because of the signing of the Anglo-French Treaty, the tariffs on British imports of French goods were reduced, causing British goods to flood the French market, hitting French industries that were not as competitive as the British, and causing a large number of workers to lose their jobs. This led to strong dissatisfaction among workers and factory owners. Historians believe this treaty exacerbated social tensions on the eve of the revolution.

Napoleon's new tariff policy was the opposite of the Treaty of 1786, with high tariffs on British goods flowing into France, which probably pleased merchants in places such as Rouen, who could obtain large quantities of cotton without fear of being stopped by the Royal Navy, and could Go to a new sea area for activities.

British businessmen may be unhappy about this, and Georgiana intends to tell Sir Merry that taxation in France is higher, so they have more money for public works, so that they can buy British steel.

Although France is rich in iron ore, there are less than 40 iron smelting plants, and the scale of industrialization is far less than that of Britain.

Before the Anglo-French peace, British iron products were mainly sold to the United States.Napoleon himself tended to build public works on a large scale. He was still a little financially stretched. After selling the famous paintings of the Louvre and turning the dung hill outside the city into a fertilizer factory, he had a little more money, but he was still short of money. .

He not only raised the tariffs, but the new constitution stipulates that the taxes should be paid more, and only the top 600 celebrities can become members of parliament.

This is what the three-level parliament in the old days wanted to discuss most. The common people and the bourgeoisie paid so much taxes, but the nobles enjoyed various tax exemption rights. However, there was no discussion at all in the three-level parliament. The class was thrown away, and the National Assembly was established to discuss it. At this time, Sies took off his priest's robe and changed from the second class to the third class.

Napoleon made the Senate listen to him not just because Georgiana fought with his life. He handed over part of the power of the Legislative Council to the senators. It is the speaker of the Senate, and he has also been emptied.

She attaches great importance to the three-level court in Siers. The countryside before the Great Revolution still retains the democratic characteristics of the Middle Ages. Often, city government officials or when discussing a certain public matter will ring the church bell and call the peasants on the porch. Before the assembly, both the rich and the poor had tickets to attend.There was neither real consultation nor voting at the meeting, but everyone was able to express their opinions. For this reason, a notary was invited to make a certificate in the open air, and different speeches were collected and recorded in the meeting minutes.

These officials who come to the parish are roughly divided into two categories, one is the tax collector, and the other is the trustee. The tax collector is responsible for collecting taxes. engineering, and some common law enforcement.

Even the Superior Court of Paris did not separate the executive from the judiciary, with judges regulating prices like market managers.In this special period, special criminal courts can deal with crimes that cannot be appealed, such as burglary, murder, arson, counterfeiting currency, inciting assembly, illegally carrying weapons, etc. It is best to send prosecutors and judges to counties, towns and villages for other disputes such as property and taxation , the commune to deal with. "Good people" and "thugs" should be treated differently, and the current justice Rainey can't do this.

But Sies first told Georgiana that the church bells are gone now, they were used to mint money during the Revolution, and the church does not yet have the power to ring the bells freely.

Secondly, during the riots in Lyon, Robespierre sent Couton to suppress it, but Couton was a little soft. Since November, the revolutionary commissioners in charge of the Revolutionary Court have become Corot and Fouche. executions multiplied. More than 11 people were executed in 4 months. Napoleon had seen the bloody scene when he was an artillery captain. On average, at least 600 people were executed every day.

After the Republican Army entered Lyon, Barras ordered the execution of hundreds of rebels. During the Vendée War, a large number of military commissioners executed a large number of "bandits". Only Angers rescued and executed more than 2000 people. Siès was very afraid. This time the cleanup of the "bandits" became the same as during the Reign of Terror.

Georgiana did not persuade the former governor, and Robespierre was once called a "model of virtue", but what is left on his epitaph?
Talleyrand is called the Lame Devil, Lafayette is called the Knight Ranger, Mirabeau is called the Mad Genius, and Judge Roland's wife, Mrs. Roland, is called the Queen Roland. Her husband's records are limited, and perhaps she also knew that her husband's support for free food trade did not really solve the problem of famine.

Farmers and landlords are not in a hurry to harvest the harvested ears of wheat in the field, because the depreciation of the coupons is too fast, and who will exchange grain for waste paper.

Georgiana chatted with Sies again about several people who were kicked out of the Tribune this time, Pierre Cabanis, Antoine Desti de Tracy, professor of history and editor Dominique Gallas, the constitutional bishop Henri Gregoire, the writer Pierre-Louis Gangenet, the lawyer and politician Jean-Denis Langrenay, whom she hoped would be invited to her home by Siyes .

Siers asked her why, and Georgiana told him with a smile, because these people honored the late Marquis de Condorcet, and she happened to sponsor a student who was doing optical experiments using the Marquis de Condorcet's theory.

Siers didn't really believe her, but he agreed to her request, and then left her villa and returned to St. Luke's Palace.

After Siers left, Georgiana took down a book from the bookcase in the next room. It was the French version of "The Wealth of Nations". The translator was the Marquis de Condorcet, and there were many notes on it. The book is exactly the same as "The Wealth of Nations" that Napoleon read.

Condorcet, like Adam Smith and Turgot, believed that free trade in grains could alleviate famine. Turgot spread Condorcet's policy everywhere, and he even gave Pierre du Pont de Nemours wrote a letter.

When the crisis began, one of Turgot's first policies was to provide jobs and wages for the poor.

He proposed the establishment of a "philanthropic office and working group" that would require central financing to supplement local resources.He believes that the "real poor" should not only be rescued, but also should be "respected". He worries that bringing the poor together to distribute soup or bread will make some poor people "shame", because such behavior is similar to recognized begging.

The goal of the Institute of Philanthropy is to "make money circulate among the people" through effective "public works" such as paving roads and improving public places.

At that time, the head of the Ministry of the Interior provided 20000 livres for public works and 80000 livres for the purchase of food for those who could not work. Duger suggested that this ratio be reversed, and finally spent on road construction, city wall defense and teaching spinning technology. 85000 livres were spent on food, and 36000 livres on provisions.

The second policy is to increase the supply, and when the crisis worsens, borrow money from merchants to support imports within the province. One-tenth of the additional resources of the country are used as bonuses, compensation and interest for grain imports. However, once the grain enters the province, most of it flows back into the usual trade channels, and is eventually hoarded by speculators and does not flow to consumers. hands, preventing the establishment of normal trade.

The third policy is tax relief for the poor and an emergency levy for the rich, state tax amnesty for the poorest small property owners who have sold furniture, animals, clothing to survive, but the charitable working group will get support from the rich property owners The support of mandatory donations.

The fourth policy is that in the early stage of the crisis, the landlord will fire the tenant farmers or tenants. When the price of grain rises to 150% higher than its ten-year average price, the rent must be paid in currency, that is, coins. The law should assist tenants in times of shortage. This is humane and fair.

"What are you looking at?"

Georgiana patted her chest and looked back at the person who spoke.

"Looking at the intelligence gathered by Mrs. Jeansley." She handed the sheaf of papers in "The Wealth of Nations" to Napoleon. rescued, and that year's harvest was the worst of the 1770th century."

"You also support the free trade of grain?" Napoleon looked at the materials.

"Unless I'm crazy, I just find this information helpful, you donated 22000 francs to shelters in Lyon, 176000 francs should go to public works and 44000 francs to buy food for those who can't work , who did you put in charge of this matter?"

"I'm not free." He put down the book and put his arms around her waist, "Didn't you say that I can only come in this house? Who was the man who left just now?"

"Don't you even know Sies?"

"What did he tell you?"

"I want him to build the three levels of court that he gave you in the constitution, but he seems scared."

"This is the people of the Directory." Napoleon smiled charmingly and elegantly again. "Is there anything else you want to tell me?"

"I asked him to invite some friends who you kicked out of the tribunal," she said boldly.

"What do you want to do?"

"Reverse the case for the Marquis of Condorcet." She quickly showed Napoleon what she had seen before, written by the Marquis of Condorcet.

"If religion is kept only for people, it will not be handed down, so society will be abandoned in a world without a foundation of moral system and without certainty, just like the late ancient Romans, the spiritual world of human beings will be robbed Regardless of its beliefs or even its perceptions, at the mercy of chance, the human spirit would be immersed in an ocean of uncertainty."

"You want those who oppose the church-state agreement to support it instead?" Napoleoni smiled frivolously.

"Every citizen has a place in government," Georgiana whispered. "Even people in opposition have a chance to talk."

"I would rather keep them quiet." Bonaparte said a little arrogantly, "especially those priests."

"Should I be quiet?"

"I like your chirping, come here." He held her shoulders, sat on the sofa himself, and then let Georgiana sit on his lap. You will receive 1 francs, and you will see if he accepts your offer."

"I want to tax horse-drawn carriages. Turgo's policy proposes to reduce taxes for the poor and increase taxes for the rich. They will definitely not be happy to impose them directly, and the horse-drawn carriage industry can also be restored."

"Won't your British friends be upset that I raised customs duties?"

"I can tell them that you can buy steel with higher tariffs, but you can't keep them at a disadvantage. This peace is hard-won."

"The DuPont family opened a gunpowder factory in the United States to provide gunpowder for Americans." Napoleon said calmly, "The quality of American gunpowder is extremely poor, so they sent saltpetre to France for processing, and then bought it back."

Georgiana didn't know what to say.

"You can tell the British the news. Before the Amiens Peace Treaty was signed, I asked them when the land of Tipu Sultan will be returned to the Indians. Ceylon has already been given to the British. If the Duke of Orange wants to compensate The gold is also given by the UK, and I don’t need Ceylon, provided they want to spit out the land of Mysore.”

Georgiana lost the ability to think.

"I know that the prisoners of war are miserable, but I refuse to exchange you for the 7 sailors. Do you know why?"

She did not answer.

"You are a good omen. I used to be a Corsican speculator. Now I am an angel of peace, a majestic hero, a restorer of public order. Now I want a navy. What do you say?"

"You can't want everything," she trembled. "You'd be a tyrant."

"You don't sympathize with the captives?"

"The British want money..."

"What they want is South America." Bonaparte interrupted her. "Your King George III wants to control the colonies and commerce of the whole world. Which of us do you think is more greedy?"

"He's not that crazy."

"In your British law, children who steal more than £1 will be sent to Australia, and adults will be hanged. Do you know why?"

She dared not speak.

"Children don't know how to run when they arrive in the colony, but adults will run back. Will you run again?"

She wants to use the power of the ring.

"How do you know what George III said?"

"Because he is already crazy." Napoleon laughed and said, "Next time you run away, I will put you in a lunatic asylum. I will see how you can maintain your rationality then."

Her reply to him was that rational love is long-lasting love, I love you, my lion.

But this seems to have had the opposite effect.

The old fool was right, the monarchs of 1802 were very abnormal indeed.

(End of this chapter)