Reborn Tech Scholar

Chapter 371 Quantum Semiconductor Chip

Yes, this kind of strange phenomenon is present in the field of scientific research at present.

Many talents in the United States no longer enter the scientific research and engineering fields as before, but choose to enter the financial field. After all, the speed of making money in finance is much faster, and it is easy to become millionaires, multi-millionaires or even billionaires.

On the contrary, researchers in the field of scientific research earn more than 20 US dollars a year, and the engineering field is less than [-] US dollars a year.Compared with the researchers in China, this amount of money is really good, but you must know that the purchasing power is not necessarily converted. Maybe the researchers and engineers can live comfortably, but it is absolutely impossible to live a good life.

And Huaxia has trained a large number of researchers and engineers in the past [-] years, so many scholars in the field of social sciences have publicly stated that China's demographic dividend is almost coming to an end, but China's engineer dividend has just begun.

Take a look at Internet companies and computer companies, how many programmers work overtime every day and tirelessly type codes. Overseas companies need a month, and Huaxia companies dare to produce results in a week. The results are not only better but also cheaper.

996 is a blessing! ?

For Internet companies, 996 is indeed a blessing, because I don’t know that programmers work more than 15 hours a day, so they simply sleep in the office.

As for dating, programmers will only despise you, they see girlfriends as scary creatures, and I'm still single!
As for engineering males such as civil engineering, they go directly to deep mountains and old forests as soon as they graduate, building tunnels and bridges, and there is no village in a hundred miles. Life.

So, where are there any infrastructure madmen? It's just a group of engineering men silently venting their energy, squandering their youth in the wilderness.

How many engineering men made vows with their girlfriends when they graduated, and they made an appointment to get married at the end of the year, went to the valley, waited until there were tens of thousands of dollars in their pockets, went to their girlfriends to get a certificate, and often ended up seeing their girlfriends Holding the hand of a strange man is extremely intimate, even with a big belly, and she has become an ex inexplicably.

Then, a good person card was issued!

Yes, things are that cruel!
Even Zhang Xuefeng gnashed his teeth when talking about his majors, persuading those who are taking the postgraduate entrance examination not to apply for these majors.

It is the engineer bonus that makes the United States often propose a concept, which is still in the PPT stage. After turning around for a long time, it is found that Huaxia has realized this concept and entered the mass production stage.

Take a look at the Ford-class aircraft carrier, known as the most advanced nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the world. As a result, it has been more than ten years, and it is still far away from serving, let alone forming combat effectiveness.And Huaxia's 003 aircraft carrier has already been launched, and will officially enter service in the next two years, and will be handed over to the navy to enter the naval combat sequence.

The same situation is also true in the field of quantum computers. The United States occupies the dominant position in chips and has great advantages. However, as a latecomer, Huaxia has developed the first quantum computer before the United States, and this quantum computer It is the birth of many engineers who worked day and night, and it was the first to be born.

Now in society, there is a saying that it took four generations of sacrifices for the birth of the Republic of China; Industrialized countries became modern industrialized countries.

There are a few people who really experience the bitterness of this.

Qin Yuanqing saw the quantum computer project team, hundreds of gray-haired old people, these are the millennium, the country officially set up a project to develop quantum computers, these years were still in their prime, and nearly 20 years later, they all Turned into a gray-haired old man.

For example, Academician Guo, in the 90s of the last century, learned of the barren status quo in the field of quantum information in China, resolutely resigned from his professorship abroad, gave up the favorable treatment conditions, and chose to return to China!

After returning to China, Academician Guo started from scratch, built up a team little by little, and led China's quantum information industry from the age of ignorance to the proud achievement of becoming a world-class team.

Even when the scientific research funds were insufficient at the beginning, Academician Guo donated all of his overseas salary accumulation.

"Teacher, Academician Qin is here!" Professor Pan said respectfully to Academician Guo.

Speaking of which, Professor Pan is still a student of Academician Guo, but Academician Guo has been keeping a low profile and rarely shows up outside. Since 2010, he has directly pushed the young and vigorous Professor Pan to the position of the leader of quantum computers, and let him lead the quantum computer. Forward.

"Academician Guo!" Qin Yuanqing hurriedly stepped forward to shake hands with Academician Guo. Qin Yuanqing also admired this old academician.

When he first returned to the country, Academician Guo was in full bloom, pointing out the country and scolding Fang Qiu. However, after more than 20 years, Academician Guo is already full of white hair and thin. He has dedicated his best youth to the country. Huaxia Renaissance has contributed all of itself.

"Academician Qin, I have to trouble you!" Academician Guo smiled kindly: "These people have already achieved the ultimate, but their talents are limited and they cannot make greater breakthroughs."

"Academician Qin should also know the significance of quantum computers. Once the United States really takes the lead in mastering a complete quantum computer, then our Huaxia may face the blockade of the quantum computer field, and we will have to suffer from the traditional computer. .” Academician Guo said.

Qin Yuanqing nodded solemnly, and then declined the welcome banquet proposed by President Bao of the University of Science and Technology of China. Qin Yuanqing immediately invested in the research and development of quantum computers.

There are three theoretically feasible implementations of quantum computers—one is a superconducting circuit, one is a semiconductor quantum chip, and the last is an ion trap.

Since Huaxia's work in this area started too late, Huaxia is far behind the United States in terms of the realization of superconducting circuits and ion traps.This kind of backwardness is not just one or two positions, but a distance of tens or hundreds of meters.

On the semiconductor quantum chip, it is barely at the same level, but it still lags behind the United States.

It can be seen that the leading position and background of the United States in the field of science and technology are indeed very terrifying.And you must know that the United States has been struggling for many years while groping.As a result, Huaxia has spent the past 30 years running or even chasing at the speed of a rocket, and now it can barely see the back of the United States.

As for quantum computers, it belongs to a new field, and the difficulty of developing a quantum computer can be imagined.

What are the requirements for a usable quantum computer?

The fidelity of single-qubit logic gates and double-qubit logic gates should reach more than 99%, while the number of qubits should reach more than dozens, and the operation speed and decoherence time should be within a reasonable range.

In short, there are four conditions:

The first is the qubit, which is like the bits of a classical computer. For a classical computer, the more bits there are, the larger the number of calculations can be, and the stronger its capability is. The same is true for quantum computers.

The second is quantum logic gates, just like the logic circuits of AND, OR, and NOT of classical computers. Single-qubit logic gates and double-qubit logic gates are the basic units of quantum computers.

The third is fidelity. The fidelity needs to reach 99%, that is, only one calculation error can be tolerated in a hundred calculations. The purpose is to successfully complete quantum calculations, and the error rate of each logic gate cannot exceed 1%.

Fourth, operation speed and decoherence time, the faster the former, the better, the longer the latter, the better, but often the two cannot be satisfied at the same time.

Among these four conditions, the one that best reflects the pros and cons of a quantum computer is the first one, the number of qubits.

Why does the world think that, so far, there is no quantum computer in the real sense in the world, and the quantum computer of USTC is not recognized as the world's first quantum computer, because these four conditions have not been met.

What Qin Yuanqing needs to solve is the semiconductor quantum chip and the algorithm. The semiconductor quantum chip is fine. Qin Yuanqing only needs to give pointers, and naturally there are researchers to do it.As for the algorithm, Qin Yuanqing had to do it himself.

Qin Yuanqing worked on quantum semiconductor chips, mainly semiconductor materials and chip design.To a large extent, semiconductor materials can be said to be one of the important factors restricting the improvement of chip qubits, and this part of the research work is extremely important.On the other hand, it is chip design, which is also another core focus.

Qin Yuanqing did not follow the current chip research, but chose carbon-based chips!
At present, the development of global semiconductor materials is close to the physical limit. TSMC, the strongest in the field of integrated circuit foundry, has completed the commercial mass production of the 3nm process and plans to put it into production in 2020. As for the 2nm process, it is also moving forward, and it is estimated to be close to Research and development completed.

Among the strongest semiconductor manufacturers in China, they are basically stuck on the 7nm process, and there is still a two-generation gap with TSMC.Even Huaxin Technology, with the strong support provided by Qin Yuanqing, has just mastered the commercial mass production of the 5nm process, and it will not be put into production until at least 2019.

Qin Yuanqing does not think that traditional semiconductor chips are suitable for quantum computers, and he is more optimistic about carbon-based chips.After all, traditional semiconductors have reached their physical limit, the ceiling is clearly visible, and the potential is almost exhausted.It is undoubtedly inappropriate to use traditional semiconductors. If you want to achieve a breakthrough in this area, you have to turn your attention to other places and find another semiconductor material to break through the bottleneck.

(End of this chapter)