Xueba starts with change

Chapter 520 Poverty Has Already Limited My Imagination
"Chen Zhou, what kind of material are you talking about for the detector?"

Zhang Yifan finally decided that it would be better to take his time and not just listen to Chen Zhou, who is in Europe.

"Semiconductor detectors, that is, semiconductor materials."

This is an idea that Chen Zhou had early on, and gained more inspiration through the glue ball experiment.

The development of particle detectors is constantly moving forward with the increase of accelerator energy.

With the development of particle physics research, more and more parameters of particles need to be measured, and a single detector can no longer meet these needs.

In the late 20s, fixed target experiments and collider experiments successively appeared large-scale magnetic spectrometers composed of multiple detectors.

A large magnetic spectrometer is composed of a variety of particle detectors.

Among them is the semiconductor detector that Chen Zhou is thinking about.

"I don't know much about semiconductor detectors, but I do know about semiconductor materials." Hearing Chen Zhou's words, Zhang Yifan said with a smile, "And, my graduation thesis is about the research of semiconductor materials."

As soon as Zhang Yifan finished speaking, Chen Zhou immediately said, "That's good. In this way, you can do it together, and you can have a reference for each other."

Zhang Yifan couldn't help curling his lips: "You want my graduation thesis to be used as a reference for your project?"

"That's right." Chen Zhou said as a matter of course, "Look at me, this undergraduate thesis is Jebov's conjecture, and this graduate thesis is also the glueball and Goldbach's conjecture, isn't it a good reference. "

Hearing this, Zhang Yifan immediately yelled: "Fuck, Chen Zhou, you're so cruel, please, you're a Nobel Prize-winning boss, I'm just a kid who hasn't graduated from a bachelor's degree..."

Hearing Zhang Yifan's words, Chen Zhou felt a sudden chill.

Good guy, are you the only child?

Suppressing the psychological and physical discomfort, Chen Zhou deliberately said: "Then forget it? Shall I find someone else?"

"Don't! Boss!" Before Chen Zhou finished speaking, Zhang Yifan had already said, "Well, you see me, if I reject you, won't you look embarrassed?"

Chen Zhou: "It's not embarrassing, I'll just find someone else?"

"Cough cough..." Zhang Yifan coughed lightly, and said quickly, "Don't, it's so troublesome to find another person. You have to communicate, understand the situation, and cooperate. There must be no tacit understanding between us at the same table, right? Yes, look..."

Zhang Yifan babbled again, and Chen Zhou on the phone was a little dumbfounded.

He feels that this is not Zhang Yifan's style of painting?

Zhang Yifan in the past was a person with ideas and pursuits?
What's the matter, now it's the same as Chen Haining?

In the end, Zhang Yifan concluded: "So, Chen Zhou, with our cooperation experience, you must be right to seek me."

Chen Zhou deliberately asked again: "Then what about your graduation thesis?"

Zhang Yifan hurriedly said: "It's okay, I can use two references, and try to come up with an amazing graduation thesis."

Hearing this, Chen Zhou joked, "The child has grown up..."

Zhang Yifan: "..."

After a while, Zhang Yifan asked, "Then tell me about the semiconductor detector?"

Chen Zhou replied: "I won't give you a detailed introduction. I've already packaged the literature and sent it to your mailbox. You can check it yourself."

Hearing Chen Zhou's words, Zhang Yifan was obviously taken aback, and subconsciously asked, "Did you send me an email?"

Chen Zhou replied: "Well, take a look."

"Oh, I saw it, I'm downloading..." Zhang Yifan shouted again before finishing his last sentence, "Damn it, no, why is your file so big? My internet speed is 100M !"

Chen Zhou laughed lightly and said, "Maybe your 100M internet speed is fake."

Zhang Yifan: "How is that possible? The broadband I just started..."

Hearing this, Chen Zhou didn't explain, but just said, "Yifan, download it first, and I'll go read the literature too."

Zhang Yifan replied: "That's fine, you go."

After hanging up the phone, Zhang Yifan, who was staring at the computer screen, only felt that something was wrong the more he looked at it.

What kind of literature is this, can it be so big?
Suddenly, Zhang Yifan realized something.

He remembered the literature that Chen Zhou asked him to download when he helped Chen Zhou with a project last time.

According to that amount, there are really so many incomplete...

Thinking of this, Zhang Yifan couldn't help feeling a little nervous.

If that's the case, how could he have time to refer to his graduation thesis and Chen Zhou's topic together.

He can help Chen Zhou complete the task of this subject, which is considered good.

However, Zhang Yifan did not immediately call Chen Zhou to confirm.

He is measuring his abilities.

With a "ding", the file download is complete.

Zhang Yifan quickly decompressed the compressed package and opened the folder.

After only one glance, Zhang Yifan yelled again: "Damn it, there are 129 articles!!!"

Zhang Yifan's cry naturally couldn't reach Chen Zhou's ears.

However, Chen Zhou can imagine it, that's it.

After hanging up the phone, Chen Zhou began to check CERN's follow-up experiment plan and the time node of the experiment.

Since Chen Zhou chose to continue the academic exchange activities with Friedman, he would definitely not give up halfway.

Then, for the follow-up experiment at CERN, he can only choose a time that suits him.

As for the specific experimental content, Chen Zhou felt that as long as it fits the direction of his subject, there would be no big problem.

"The LHC's collision experiment is on August 8nd, I think..."

Chen Zhou took a pen and drew while watching, ticking off all the pictures at a reasonable time.

If CERN doesn't mind at all, then he can just choose one.

After solving the matter of CERN's follow-up experiment, Chen Zhou turned his attention to the documents sent to Zhang Yifan.

This part of the information is not only for Zhang Yifan, but also for Chen Zhou himself.

Of course, it was different from the sorting task that Chen Zhou asked Zhang Yifan to do.

Chen Zhou himself simply brushed up literature.

In Chen Zhou's own words, this is to clarify the research direction of the subject.

Compared with other particle detectors, semiconductor detectors were discovered later.

In 1949, Dr. McKay irradiated the PN junction diode with alpha rays for the first time before observing the output signal.

Of course, this is also due to the limitations of semiconductor technology.

In the early 50s, due to the advent of transistors, the development of transistor electronics promoted the development of semiconductor technology.

This has also accelerated the development of semiconductor detectors.

Semiconductor detectors are radiation detectors that use semiconductor materials as the detection medium.

The most common semiconductor materials are germanium and silicon.

Although the basic principle of semiconductor detectors is similar to that of gas ionization chambers, the application range and application prospects of semiconductor detectors are wider.

This point is reflected in many new semiconductor detectors developed on the basis of germanium-lithium, silicon-lithium, high-purity germanium, metal surface barrier and other detectors.

For example, silicon microstrips, silicon drift chambers and so on.

The fields of application of these detectors include astrophysics, industry, safety detection, nuclear medicine, X-ray imaging, military and other fields in addition to high-energy physics.

Moreover, almost all major high-energy physics laboratories in the world use semiconductor detectors as apex detectors.

The CDF and D0 detectors at Fermilab in the United States, the BaBar experiment at the B meson factory at SLAC, the toroidal instrument (ATLAS) and the compact muon coil (CMS) on the LHC Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and This is true for Japan's KEK, Germany's HARA, HARB and Zeus detectors.

Moreover, the LHC large hadron collider at CERN, on the two detectors of the toroidal instrument (ATLAS) and the compact muon coil (CMS), also uses a silicon microstrip detector instead of a drift chamber as a track measurement track room.

In addition, according to Chen Zhou's understanding, the AMS experiment led by Mr. Ding also used multi-layer silicon microstrip detectors in the track chamber of the core part of the detector in order to search for antimatter and dark matter in cosmic rays.

The core part of the large-area gamma-ray space telescope of the GLAST experimental group participated by the United States, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden and other countries also uses multi-layer silicon microstrip detectors.

In this space telescope, the multilayer silicon microstrip detector is mainly used as a track measuring telescope for the conversion process of γ→e-+e+.

Its total area exceeds 80 square meters!
The position resolution of the silicon microstrip detector can be better than σ=1.4μm!

This is hard to do with any gas detector and scintillation detector!

And this is also one of the reasons why Chen Zhou chose the research direction of this topic.

[Semiconductor detectors have two electrodes with a certain bias.When incident particles enter the sensitive region of the semiconductor detector, electron-hole pairs are generated. 】

[After the voltage is applied to the two poles, the charge carriers will drift to the two poles, and the charge will be induced on the collecting electrode, thereby forming a signal pulse in the external circuit. 】

[However, in semiconductor detectors, the average energy consumed by incident particles to produce an electron-hole pair is about one-tenth of the consumption required to generate an ion pair for a gas ionization chamber, so semiconductor detectors are more efficient than scintillation counters and scintillation counters. Gas ionization detectors have much better energy resolution. 】

Seeing this passage in the literature, Chen Zhou habitually took a pen and pointed at the draft paper.

In fact, the sensitive region of the semiconductor detector should be close to the ideal semiconductor material.

But in fact, general semiconductor materials have relatively high impurity concentrations, and the impurities must be compensated or the purity of semiconductor single crystals must be provided.

Withdrawing his thoughts, Chen Zhou wrote down the word "laboratory" on the draft paper.

After finishing writing, I took a pen and clicked several points under these three words.

Then, Chen Zhou continued to read his documents.

It's just that the word "laboratory", because of Zhang Yifan's words, is still lingering in Chen Zhou's mind.

It can only be said that Zhang Yifan's sentence "Do you want to complete a laboratory", made Chen Zhou a little moved.

With the accumulation of these years, Chen Zhou is still a wealthy millionaire.

Finally, after reading another document, Chen Zhou opened the browser and began to search for relevant content of the Semiconductor Materials Laboratory.

While waiting for the page to jump, Chen Zhou thought: "The semiconductor material laboratory, the only laboratory I have ever come into contact with, is the laboratory of 43, but the scale and configuration of that laboratory, my little money is definitely not enough to burn, so , I have to pick and see..."

According to the information searched on the page, Chen Zhou began to check the equipment and other related content.

However, not long after watching, Chen Zhou's expression changed.

"Why is this thing so expensive?"

Chen Zhou frowned, looking at the content on the computer screen.

Before, he just heard that scanning electron microscopes are expensive.

But I didn't expect that this scanning electron microscope is so expensive!

Of course, this thing is not without cheap.

It is said that a certain peninsula country has a price of 5 US dollars.

However, there are extremely high requirements, even strict requirements, for Chen Zhou's magnification of the scanning electron microscope.

It is obviously impossible to choose this kind of equipment.

Otherwise, it is estimated that the semiconductor detector he made is like a blind man.

"Counting from repeating studies, I have struggled for four years, but I can't even afford a scanning electron microscope?"

After a brief calculation, Chen Zhou was immediately filled with emotion.

He can't even afford a scanning electron microscope!
The pride and pride of being a millionaire fell to the ground in an instant.

At this moment, Chen Zhou deeply realized that in this world, millionaires are really nothing.

Taking another look at the price of the scanning electron microscope marked on the webpage, Chen Zhou sighed heavily: "Fortunately, I still wanted to follow Yifan's words and make a whole laboratory, only to find out now that poverty has already limited my imagination." force……"

Close this dazzling webpage decisively, and then close all the webpages you just opened.

He casually crossed out the word "laboratory" written on the draft paper.

Chen Zhou acted as if he hadn't thought about it at all.

He really can't afford the laboratory thing right now...

The most expensive ones cost tens of millions, which is really scary...

Without thinking too much, Chen Zhou returned to the arms of the literature.

It was only in the literature that Chen Zhou felt that the subject of semiconductor detectors was so approachable.

Not at all like just now, money divided them into two worlds.

However, Chen Zhou's subject definitely needs a laboratory.

No matter how good the theory is, it's of little use if it doesn't get experimental feedback.

Especially in materials science.

The single crystal purity of semiconductor materials is particularly important.

Therefore, Chen Zhou could only think of another way.

As time passed, Chen Zhou, who was re-immersed in literature, also lost his inner impetuosity.

"The output pulse amplitude of the semiconductor detector is proportional to the energy and can be used to measure the energy. The energy resolution is higher than that of the proportional counter and the scintillation counter..."

"Short pulse rise time for fast measurements..."

Repeating the opening and closing action of the document, Chen Zhou quickly harvested the content on the document.

For Chen Zhou now, there is only one word to describe his learning efficiency and learning thinking ability.

That is, efficient (kuai)!
Therefore, compared with Zhang Yifan, I feel that the number of 129 documents is too much.

Chen Zhou only thought about quickly solving these 129 documents so that he could find another 129.

The time came to 8:[-] in the evening.

Chen Zhou received a message from Friedman.

After a short adjustment today, they will go to the next location tomorrow.

Of course, there are also many researchers who chose to stay...

　Thanks to book friend Yan Hongxue for the 100 starting coins!
　　
　
(End of this chapter)