God-level Xueba system
Chapter 108 Sets of exceptions, the prime number theorem
"Okay! Then everyone has no questions, I will continue to talk! Before I do this, I need to emphasize that almost prime numbers are the main method for studying Ge Guess. Wang Yuan and Pan Chengdong from Longxia, Lacey from Y Italy, Qian Mathematicians like Buchsi from the Soviet Union, Reni from Hungary, etc. all use the almost prime method!"
"And what I'm going to talk about next is the exception set method! We take a fixed large integer x on the number axis, and then look forward from x to find those even numbers that make Goldbach's conjecture invalid, that is, exceptional even numbers. All exceptional even numbers before x The number of is recorded as E(x). We hope that no matter how big x is, there is only one exceptional even number before x, that is 2, that is, only 2 makes the conjecture wrong. In this way, Goldbach’s conjecture is equivalent to E (x) is always equal to 1. Of course, it cannot be proved that E(x)=1; but it can be proved that E(x) is much smaller than x. The even number in front of x is probably x/2; if x tends to infinity , the ratio of E(x) to x tends to zero, which means that the density of these exceptional even numbers is zero, that is, Goldbach’s conjecture is true for almost all even numbers!”
"Ding dong! Netizens rushed to ask questions successfully!"
Yan Xin glanced at the person rushing to answer again, and it turned out to be another boss!
It is the Clay Mathematics Research Institute of M Country who gave himself a reward!
"Hello, little friend! I am Xing Tianwen, a mathematician of Longxia stationed in M. May I ask which method you mainly use to solve Goldbach's conjecture this time? I looked at your problem-solving steps and found that what you said You don’t use a lot of these two methods, do you?”
Yan Xin really didn't expect that it turned out to be a Long Xia mathematician stationed in country M!
"Hehe, Professor Xing, I really don't use the almost prime number method and the exception set method! But this time I mainly use the three prime number theorem to answer Goldbach's conjecture!"
"So that's it! I said that the steps to solve the problem look familiar! It turns out that this method was used! I admire it!"
"You are too much!" Yan Xin replied with a smile.
"I have studied Goldbach's conjecture for a long time, but there has been no result. If you prove that Goldbach's conjecture is correct, can I use it to make a theorem and continue my research?"
Xing Tianwen was very polite.
"no problem!"
And the barrage became lively at this time.
"I seem to have heard of this three prime number theorem!"
"Oh? Really fake?"
"Of course! My undergraduate degree is in the Department of Mathematics. I have learned it in the compulsory courses in my junior year!"
"One thing to say, I have forgotten all the knowledge of my undergraduate science!"
"What? Are you still studying in college?"
"I didn't learn! I've been playing Peace Elite in professional classes!"
"I graduated from Jingzhong University, and the knowledge I acquired as an undergraduate is useless in the company at all!"
"That's right, I graduated from Dongshan University, and now they say that going to 985 and 211 is promising and the salary is high! In fact, it depends on your personal ability after graduation!"
"I found out that you guys are really good at talking! The anchors stopped talking, and I just watched you bragging!"
Yan Xin couldn't help being speechless.
It seems that Long Xia's job market doesn't take care of young people very much.
Many people give up their professional counterparts in order to find more lucrative jobs.
This also makes many people feel that undergraduates are boring.
Of course, this is also related to their status.
Many college students, although their academic qualifications are a little lower, but after graduation, they may not be worse than high-achieving students.
It's just to get a degree!
sorrow!
"Let me briefly state the three prime number theorem with you: If Goldbach's conjecture of even numbers is correct, then the conjecture of odd numbers is also correct. It is known that the odd number N can be expressed as the sum of three prime numbers. If it can be proved that there is One is very small, for example, the first prime number can always take 3, then we have also proved the Goldbach conjecture of even numbers."
"I mainly start with the odd number conjecture to solve the Goldbach conjecture, and the last method is the almost Goldbach problem. I will not introduce this too much! Well, the Goldbach conjecture is all over here! If you have any questions, you can ask them!" Yan Xin said with a smile.
"Ding dong! Netizens rushed to ask questions successfully!"
"Hi, I'm a student at the University of Oxford, could you please explain the almost Goldbach problem? I'd like to know!"
Yan Xinhan -_- got one.
To be honest, to answer Goldbach's conjecture, almost Goldbach's problem is not used much, Yan Xin is just lazy and doesn't want to talk about it!
I didn't expect that there are still people who stick to their horns, so I must listen!
"Since a top student at Oxford University has asked a question, let me explain to you what is almost a Goldbach problem!"
"The so-called almost Goldbach problem, in 1953, Linnik published a paper with more than 10 words, mainly about the almost Goldbach problem. The paper proves: there is a fixed non- The negative integer k makes any large even number can be written as the sum of two prime numbers and k powers of 2. But this conclusion uglifies Goldbach’s conjecture!”
"What? Ugly? What do you mean?"
"That's right, isn't this question used to solve Goldbach's conjecture? Why is it still ugly?"
"I don't understand!"
"Maybe Linick is talking nonsense for the sake of fame?"
"I don't think so. Many times, scientists just have a problem when verifying a certain theorem, but it's just misunderstood by everyone!"
"Everyone heard it right, it just vilified Goldbach's conjecture! We note that the integers that can be written as the sum of k powers of 2 form a very sparse set; in fact, for any x, the preceding x The number of integers will not exceed the kth power of log x. Therefore, Linick's theorem points out that although we have not yet proved Goldbach's conjecture, we can find a very sparse subset in the integer set, each time from this Paste an element in the sparse subset into the expression of these two prime numbers, and the expression will be established!"
When Yan Xin was studying Goldbach's conjecture, he also struggled with this conclusion raised by Linik.
Although it uglifies Goldbach's conjecture on the surface, it actually lays the foundation for solving Goldbach's conjecture.
"Because he raised this question, Linick was targeted at the time. But what everyone didn't expect was that although he failed to prove Goldbach's conjecture successfully, the question he raised became an effective means to solve Goldbach's conjecture ! On the contrary, it is unintentional to plant willows and willows!"
"This last solution is almost a Goldbach problem. Linnik told us a philosophy: when you have doubts about a problem, don't care about other people's opinions, and believe in yourself, even if you are wrong, but yourself Work hard and you won't regret it!"
"Indeed! I agree with the anchor!"
"One must have the courage to try!"
"I'm still under someone else's bed! After hearing this, I really stood up!"
"Yes, be brave"
"No, brother, you are a little too brave!"
"Didn't her husband be killed by you?"
"Sorry! The benefactor must have gone west!"
"Okay! The answer to Goldbach's conjecture is completed, and this live broadcast will end here! The anchor has been very busy recently, and may need to take a long time off. Please understand!"
【Ding!Congratulations to the host for successfully solving Goldbach's conjecture online!Reward 1000 points and the way to overcome immunodeficiency! 】
So cool!
Although Yan Xin was very happy, the barrage was not happy.
"Come on! Is this the end?"
"Yes, it's only been a few hours? I haven't entered the state yet!"
"That's right! One more question!"
"Comrades, where is the atmosphere group?"
Don't shit, don't wipe your ass, reward the anchor with a plane!
Cangzhou UZI rewarded the anchor with [-] magic books!
Yan Xin felt that it would be better to release the news about participating in the World Famous Doctors Competition.
This will not only increase your reputation, but maybe the system will issue a mission or something!
"Friends, it's like this! There is a reason for asking for leave this time. In order to help my friends, I need to participate in the World Famous Doctors Competition!" Yan Xin explained with a smile.
As soon as Yan Xin said this, the people in the live broadcast room exploded again!
"And what I'm going to talk about next is the exception set method! We take a fixed large integer x on the number axis, and then look forward from x to find those even numbers that make Goldbach's conjecture invalid, that is, exceptional even numbers. All exceptional even numbers before x The number of is recorded as E(x). We hope that no matter how big x is, there is only one exceptional even number before x, that is 2, that is, only 2 makes the conjecture wrong. In this way, Goldbach’s conjecture is equivalent to E (x) is always equal to 1. Of course, it cannot be proved that E(x)=1; but it can be proved that E(x) is much smaller than x. The even number in front of x is probably x/2; if x tends to infinity , the ratio of E(x) to x tends to zero, which means that the density of these exceptional even numbers is zero, that is, Goldbach’s conjecture is true for almost all even numbers!”
"Ding dong! Netizens rushed to ask questions successfully!"
Yan Xin glanced at the person rushing to answer again, and it turned out to be another boss!
It is the Clay Mathematics Research Institute of M Country who gave himself a reward!
"Hello, little friend! I am Xing Tianwen, a mathematician of Longxia stationed in M. May I ask which method you mainly use to solve Goldbach's conjecture this time? I looked at your problem-solving steps and found that what you said You don’t use a lot of these two methods, do you?”
Yan Xin really didn't expect that it turned out to be a Long Xia mathematician stationed in country M!
"Hehe, Professor Xing, I really don't use the almost prime number method and the exception set method! But this time I mainly use the three prime number theorem to answer Goldbach's conjecture!"
"So that's it! I said that the steps to solve the problem look familiar! It turns out that this method was used! I admire it!"
"You are too much!" Yan Xin replied with a smile.
"I have studied Goldbach's conjecture for a long time, but there has been no result. If you prove that Goldbach's conjecture is correct, can I use it to make a theorem and continue my research?"
Xing Tianwen was very polite.
"no problem!"
And the barrage became lively at this time.
"I seem to have heard of this three prime number theorem!"
"Oh? Really fake?"
"Of course! My undergraduate degree is in the Department of Mathematics. I have learned it in the compulsory courses in my junior year!"
"One thing to say, I have forgotten all the knowledge of my undergraduate science!"
"What? Are you still studying in college?"
"I didn't learn! I've been playing Peace Elite in professional classes!"
"I graduated from Jingzhong University, and the knowledge I acquired as an undergraduate is useless in the company at all!"
"That's right, I graduated from Dongshan University, and now they say that going to 985 and 211 is promising and the salary is high! In fact, it depends on your personal ability after graduation!"
"I found out that you guys are really good at talking! The anchors stopped talking, and I just watched you bragging!"
Yan Xin couldn't help being speechless.
It seems that Long Xia's job market doesn't take care of young people very much.
Many people give up their professional counterparts in order to find more lucrative jobs.
This also makes many people feel that undergraduates are boring.
Of course, this is also related to their status.
Many college students, although their academic qualifications are a little lower, but after graduation, they may not be worse than high-achieving students.
It's just to get a degree!
sorrow!
"Let me briefly state the three prime number theorem with you: If Goldbach's conjecture of even numbers is correct, then the conjecture of odd numbers is also correct. It is known that the odd number N can be expressed as the sum of three prime numbers. If it can be proved that there is One is very small, for example, the first prime number can always take 3, then we have also proved the Goldbach conjecture of even numbers."
"I mainly start with the odd number conjecture to solve the Goldbach conjecture, and the last method is the almost Goldbach problem. I will not introduce this too much! Well, the Goldbach conjecture is all over here! If you have any questions, you can ask them!" Yan Xin said with a smile.
"Ding dong! Netizens rushed to ask questions successfully!"
"Hi, I'm a student at the University of Oxford, could you please explain the almost Goldbach problem? I'd like to know!"
Yan Xinhan -_- got one.
To be honest, to answer Goldbach's conjecture, almost Goldbach's problem is not used much, Yan Xin is just lazy and doesn't want to talk about it!
I didn't expect that there are still people who stick to their horns, so I must listen!
"Since a top student at Oxford University has asked a question, let me explain to you what is almost a Goldbach problem!"
"The so-called almost Goldbach problem, in 1953, Linnik published a paper with more than 10 words, mainly about the almost Goldbach problem. The paper proves: there is a fixed non- The negative integer k makes any large even number can be written as the sum of two prime numbers and k powers of 2. But this conclusion uglifies Goldbach’s conjecture!”
"What? Ugly? What do you mean?"
"That's right, isn't this question used to solve Goldbach's conjecture? Why is it still ugly?"
"I don't understand!"
"Maybe Linick is talking nonsense for the sake of fame?"
"I don't think so. Many times, scientists just have a problem when verifying a certain theorem, but it's just misunderstood by everyone!"
"Everyone heard it right, it just vilified Goldbach's conjecture! We note that the integers that can be written as the sum of k powers of 2 form a very sparse set; in fact, for any x, the preceding x The number of integers will not exceed the kth power of log x. Therefore, Linick's theorem points out that although we have not yet proved Goldbach's conjecture, we can find a very sparse subset in the integer set, each time from this Paste an element in the sparse subset into the expression of these two prime numbers, and the expression will be established!"
When Yan Xin was studying Goldbach's conjecture, he also struggled with this conclusion raised by Linik.
Although it uglifies Goldbach's conjecture on the surface, it actually lays the foundation for solving Goldbach's conjecture.
"Because he raised this question, Linick was targeted at the time. But what everyone didn't expect was that although he failed to prove Goldbach's conjecture successfully, the question he raised became an effective means to solve Goldbach's conjecture ! On the contrary, it is unintentional to plant willows and willows!"
"This last solution is almost a Goldbach problem. Linnik told us a philosophy: when you have doubts about a problem, don't care about other people's opinions, and believe in yourself, even if you are wrong, but yourself Work hard and you won't regret it!"
"Indeed! I agree with the anchor!"
"One must have the courage to try!"
"I'm still under someone else's bed! After hearing this, I really stood up!"
"Yes, be brave"
"No, brother, you are a little too brave!"
"Didn't her husband be killed by you?"
"Sorry! The benefactor must have gone west!"
"Okay! The answer to Goldbach's conjecture is completed, and this live broadcast will end here! The anchor has been very busy recently, and may need to take a long time off. Please understand!"
【Ding!Congratulations to the host for successfully solving Goldbach's conjecture online!Reward 1000 points and the way to overcome immunodeficiency! 】
So cool!
Although Yan Xin was very happy, the barrage was not happy.
"Come on! Is this the end?"
"Yes, it's only been a few hours? I haven't entered the state yet!"
"That's right! One more question!"
"Comrades, where is the atmosphere group?"
Don't shit, don't wipe your ass, reward the anchor with a plane!
Cangzhou UZI rewarded the anchor with [-] magic books!
Yan Xin felt that it would be better to release the news about participating in the World Famous Doctors Competition.
This will not only increase your reputation, but maybe the system will issue a mission or something!
"Friends, it's like this! There is a reason for asking for leave this time. In order to help my friends, I need to participate in the World Famous Doctors Competition!" Yan Xin explained with a smile.
As soon as Yan Xin said this, the people in the live broadcast room exploded again!
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