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Zhang Liang was born in an aristocratic family, and his grandfather Zhang Kaidi was re-elected as the prime minister of the three Korean dynasties during the Warring States Period.

In 218 BC, Qin Shihuang visited the east, and Zhang Liang soon learned that Qin Shihuang's parade convoy was about to arrive in Yangwu County, so Zhang Liang commanded Hercules to ambush in Gubolangsha, the only place to go to Yangwu County.

So Zhang Liang commanded the Hercules to attack the chariot. The 120-jin sledgehammer killed the passenger and fell to the ground.Taking advantage of the chaos, Zhang Liang got into the reeds and fled the scene.However, only the auxiliary car was hit by the Hercules. Because Qin Shihuang was assassinated many times, he had already prepared for it. All the chariots were driven by four, and they often changed cars. It was naturally difficult for Zhang Liang to judge which car was Qin Shihuang.

Qin Shihuang survived, but Qin Shihuang was very angry about this matter and ordered the arrest of the assassins all over the country, but because there was no way to find out, Zhang Liang was able to "get away with it", and then nothing happened.Gu Bo Langsha Zhang Liang's assassination of Qin has since become famous

In June of the second year of Qin II, the team led by Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's uncle and nephew had grown to 7 to [-] people, and supported Xiong Xin, the grandson of King Huai of Chu, as king, and gathered leaders of various volunteer armies in Xuecheng to discuss major issues.Zhang Liang did not forget to revive Korea, so he hurriedly suggested to Xiang Liang: "Since you have established the king of Chu as your descendant, and the king of Hengyang among the princes of the king of Han has become the most virtuous, you can make him king, so as to cultivate more followers."

As early as the time of Xiapi, there was an old friendship between Zhang and Xiang, so Xiang Liang readily agreed.So he ordered people to find King Cheng of Han, made him King of Han, and made Zhang Liang his situ.Zhang Liang's goal of "reviving Korea" was finally achieved, and his long-cherished political wish of "reviving his family" was also realized. Therefore, he tried his best to support Han Wangcheng, sent troops to recover Han land, and wandered around Yingchuan. Sometimes he captured several cities, and sometimes he was defeated by Qin. The soldiers recaptured it, but failed to create a big situation.

In the first month of the first year of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu bullied the weak and established himself as the Overlord of Western Chu, with Pengcheng as his capital, and the jurisdiction over the nine prefectures of Liang and Chu.And violated the agreement of King Huai of Chu that "whoever attacks Guanzhong first will be the king of Guanzhong", entrusted Liu Bang to the remote and desolate Bashu, and called him King of Han.

However, the actual Guanzhong land was divided into three and sealed to three surrendered generals of Qin to prevent Liu Bang from going north.Liu Bang was very resentful in his heart, and wanted to lead his troops to attack Xiang Yu, but after repeated dissuasion by Xiao He and Zhang Liang, he decided to hold back for the time being.

The division of the world has been decided, and Zhang Liang intends to leave Liu Bang and return to Korea to serve Han Wangcheng.Liu Bang bestowed a hundred yi gold and two buckets of pearls.And Zhang Liang donated all the gold beads to Xiang Bo, so that he could apply for the Hanzhong area again for the King of Han.Seeing the benefits, Xiang Bo went to persuade Xiang Yu immediately.

In this way, Liu Bang established his capital in Nanzheng, occupying the three counties of Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong south of the Qinling Mountains.

In July of the same year, Zhang Liang sent Liu Bang to Baozhong.

Surrounded by mountains here, there are cliffs along the way. There is only a plank road volleying above the sky to save pedestrians, and there is no other way.

Zhang Liang observed the terrain and suggested that Liu Bang burn all the plank roads into Shu after the Han army passed, expressing that he had no intention of going east, so as to eliminate Xiang Yu's suspicion and at the same time prevent others from attacking.In this way, you can take the opportunity to recharge your batteries, wait for the opportunity, and then develop your grand plans.

Liu Bang followed his plan and burned the plank road along the way.Zhang Liang's strategy can be described as well-intentioned, and it has obtained an important guarantee for Liu Bang's consolidated development and future eastward advance.After Liu Bang entered Hanzhong, he worked hard and took an active rest.

In August of the same year, Liu Bang used the strategy of general Han Xin to avoid the frontal defense of King Zhanghan of Yong, took the opportunity to "pass through Chen Cang secretly" from the old way, and defeated Zhanghan of Yong, King Sima Xin of Sai and King Dong Yi of Zhai from the side by surprise. Captured the Guanzhong treasure land.

Once the Three Qin Dynasty is determined, Liu Bang can compete with Xiang Yu in the world by relying on the rich and prosperous Guanzhong area.A "bright burning" and a "dark crossing", Zhang and Han joined hands, and the perfect combination has become a well-known story in history.

When Xiang Yu heard that Liu Bang had pacified the Three Qin Dynasties, he was furious and decided to lead his troops to fight back.Zhang Liang had already expected this, so he sent a letter to deceive Xiang Yu, claiming: "The name of the king of Han does not match the reality, and he wants to win Guanzhong; he stopped as promised, and dare not go east."

At the same time, Zhang Liang also told Xiang Yu about Qi Wang Tianrong's plot to rebel, saying that "Qi State wants to join forces with Zhao to destroy Chu. The enemy is at hand, and the disaster of extinction must be prevented." The intention is to draw the attention of the Chu army to the east. .

As expected, Xiang Yu fell for the trick, and turned northward to attack the lifeless and rotting forces in the Sanqi Zhudi without intending to look west.Zhang Liang's letter strengthened the effect of "burning the plank road" from the side, and drew Xiang Yu's attention to the east, thus relaxing the guard against Guanzhong and gaining Liu Bang valuable time to recuperate.

In the spring of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang successively took over five princes, Changshan Wang Zhanger, Henan Wang Shenyang, Han Wangchang, Wei Wangbao and Yin Wangang, and won 56 soldiers.In April of the same year, Liu Bang took the opportunity of Xiang Yu to concentrate his forces to attack Tian Rong and led his troops to attack Chu.

Go straight to Pengcheng, the capital of Chu.After capturing Pengcheng, Liu Bang was dazzled by this easy victory. Not only did he fail to take appropriate political and economic measures to appease the place and win people's hearts, but his bad habits relapsed. As a result, Xiang Yu won the opportunity to return to the army for rescue.When Xiang Yu heard that Pengcheng had fallen, he immediately took the lead.

3 elite soldiers rushed back from the small road to rescue Pengcheng.It was difficult for Liu Bang's hundreds of thousands of mob troops to coordinate and command, and even the food and pay were not prepared, so once they fought, they suffered a disastrous defeat, and almost the entire army was wiped out.

At this point, many princes and kings turned their backs to Chu, and Liu Bang left his father, wife, and children, and fled in embarrassment with only Zhang Liangchou and dozens of riders. The military suffered another major setback, and the good situation reversed again.

In the winter of the third year of the Han Dynasty, the Chu army besieged the King of Han in Xingyang, and the two sides fought for a long time without a decision.The Chu army tried its best to cut off the food supply and military aid channels of the Han army. , The Han army was short of food and grass, and it was gradually difficult to survive the crisis.Liu Bang, king of the Han Dynasty, was very anxious and asked his ministers what good strategy they had.Li Shiqi, a counselor, offered his advice: "In the past, Shang Tang defeated Xia Jie and named his successor in Qi; Wu Wang defeated Zhou and named his successor in Song Dynasty. The king of Qin lost his virtue and abandoned righteousness, invaded the princes, and destroyed his country, leaving him without a place to stand.

At this critical moment, Zhang Liang returned from a trip to meet Liu Bang.

While eating, Liu Bang explained to Zhang Liang the idea of ​​enfeoffment, and asked what the pros and cons of this plan were.Zhang Liang was taken aback when he heard this, and quickly asked: "Who made this plan for Your Majesty?" He shook his head sadly and continued, "If you do this, your Majesty's great affairs will be ruined."

Liu Bang suddenly panicked and said, "Why?" Zhang Liang stretched out his hand to pick up a pair of chopsticks on the wine table, and began to talk with gestures.He said: "First, in the past, King Tang of Shang and King Wu of Zhou defeated Xia Jie, Yin and Zhou, and named their descendants based on the consideration that they could be completely controlled and killed if necessary. Did it cause him to die? Second, after King Wu of the Zhou conquered Yin in the past, he proclaimed Shang Rong’s house, sealed Bigan’s tomb, and released Jizi’s prisoner, in order to reward and encourage the subjects of this dynasty.

Now what the King of Han needs is the time to be loyal and respectful?Third, King Wu used the savings of the enemy country to distribute the millet. Now that the King of Han has no military supplies, how can he have the ability to relieve the hungry and the poor?Fourth, after King Wu destroyed the Yin and Shang Dynasties, he changed his military chariots into chariots, and turned his weapons upside down to show that they were not used. Now that His Majesty is in the midst of a fierce battle, how can he follow suit?Fifth, in the past, the horses were placed on the sunny slope of Nanshan Mountain, and the cattle rested in the shade of peach trees, because the world has entered the era of peace.

How can we suppress martial arts and cultivate literature in today's fierce battles?Sixth, if all the land is entrusted to the descendants of the six countries, the generals, advisers and ministers will all belong to their masters, and no one will compete with Liu Bang for the world.Seventh, the Chu army is strong, and the six kingdoms are weak and must submit. How can they submit to His Majesty? "

Zhang Liang's analysis is really verbatim, extremely subtle, and to the point.

He saw the difference between ancient and modern times, so he came to the conclusion that the method of "ancient sages and sages" must not be copied.More importantly, Zhang Liang believed that conferring land and conferring nobles was a very attractive means of incentives. It was rewarded to those who had made meritorious service in the war, so as to encourage the soldiers of the world to follow the King of Han, making enfeoffment an important means of maintaining the hearts of soldiers. measure.If you do the opposite, how can you motivate your soldiers to win?

Zhang Liang used chopsticks to remonstrate and block the enfeoffment, which made Liu Bang feel enlightened suddenly, so he stopped eating and vomited, and cursed Li Shiqi: "Stinky Confucian student, I almost ruined Lao Tzu's great event!" The seal of the country, thus avoiding a major strategic mistake.

It reduced a lot of trouble and resistance for the unification of the Han Dynasty.It has to be admitted that Zhang Liang is a strategist and far-sighted politician with insight into the details.

When Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu in Xingyang, Han Xin marched smoothly on the northern front, like a broken bamboo.He first pacified Wei, Dai, Zhao, Yan and other places, and then occupied the old place of Qi State. He wanted to establish himself as the king of Qi. Chu is adjacent, if there is no king, it will be difficult to control Qi. I hope you can allow me to be the false king of Qi."

When Liu Bang heard this, he couldn't help but get angry, and cursed in front of the envoy: "I've been stuck here for a long time, and I hope he will come to help me day and night, but I don't expect him to become king on his own!" At that time, Zhang Liang was sitting in Liu Bang's chair Next to him, Zhang Liang clearly realized that Han Xin's position played a decisive role in the victory or defeat of the Chu-Han War.

What's more, Han Xinyuan established himself as king in Qidi, and Liu Bang was beyond his reach, and he was powerless to stop it.So, he hurriedly stepped on him lightly under the case, Liu Bang was also shrewd and reacted quickly, and immediately realized the previous slip of the tongue, so he changed his words and cursed: "If the husband is established as a prince, he must be a real king, why should he be a fake king! "

Liu Bang always liked to scold people, so it's not surprising that he scolded people like this, besides, the succession was natural and seamless, without revealing any flaws.

In February of that year, Liu Bang sent Zhang Liang to take the seal and ribbon to Qi to make Han Xin king, and recruited Han Xin's army to attack Chu.

Although it was Liu Bang's temporary compromise to Han Xin to confer the title of King Qi, this favor and expediency actually trapped Han Xin, successfully resolved the power and position contradictions within the Han Dynasty, and won a key bargaining chip in the Chu-Han balance.

In this regard, Gou Yue of the Eastern Han Dynasty once had a very pertinent evaluation. He said: "Take what is not what you have and give it to others. Do false favors and get real blessings." After Han Xin was stabilized, the situation of the Chu-Han War took a major turning point. .

In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty gradually formed an encirclement trend against Chu: Han Xin continued to attack the Chu army based on Qi, and Peng Yue repeatedly sent troops from Liang to cut off the food roads of the Chu army.Xiang Yu had no choice but to send back Liu Bang's father, wife and children who had been imprisoned, and made peace with Liu Bang.

The two sides agreed to use the gap as the boundary, divide the world in the middle, return the east to Chu, and the west to Han.Xiang Yu left his camp and returned east as promised, heading towards Pengcheng.Liu Bang also wanted to lead his troops west to Hanzhong.

At this major turning point, Zhang Liang, with the profound vision of a political strategist, saw that Xiang Yu was under the enemy's back and forth and was stretched, so he and Chen Ping remonstrated with the King of Han: "Now the Han Dynasty has two-thirds of the world. It is a favorable time to destroy Chu, and it is advisable to pursue the poor bandits fiercely, and this will be the best.

Otherwise, letting Chu go back to the east is like letting a tiger go back to the mountain, and there will be endless troubles. "Liu Bang adopted Zhang Liang's opinion, led the army to pursue Xiang Yu, and ordered Han Xin and Peng Yue to encircle Xiang Yu. Liu Bang led the army to pursue the Chu army to Guling, but he did not wait for the reinforcements led by Han Xin and Peng Yue, and failed miserably .

Liu Bang hid in the fortress of Guling, feeling very anxious, so he asked Zhang Liang beside him, "Why didn't they come as scheduled?"

At this time, Zhang Liang had already understood Han and Peng's thoughts, and his corresponding strategies were mature. Seeing Liu Bang's inquiry, he hurriedly replied: "Since the soldiers of Chu are about to perish, although Han Xin and Peng Yue have been crowned kings, but There are no definite boundaries.

This is the reason why the two did not come to the appointment this time.If your majesty can share the world with him, you can recruit two generals.Otherwise, the final success or failure is still unknown. "Liu Bang was determined to solve the urgent need, so according to Zhang Liang's plan, the territory from Chendi to the east to the coast was granted to King Hanxin of Qi; the territory from Suiyang to Gucheng to the north of Suiyang was granted to King Pengyue of Liang. Two months later, Han and Peng really sent troops to help.

All the soldiers and horses of the Han army gathered at Gaixia one after another.Han Xin first used the strategy of "ambush from ten sides" to surround Xiang Yu in Gaixia, and then used the strategy of "besieged from all sides" to break down the morale of the enemy soldiers, and finally defeated Xiang Yu, forcing him to leave his concubine and commit suicide.

So far, the four-year-long Chu-Han War ended with Liu Bang's complete victory.

In February of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang officially ascended the throne, known as Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty in history.

In May of the same year, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty held a celebration ceremony in Nangong, Luoyang, and feasted all the ministers.During the banquet, there were staggered cups and cups, and the emperor and his ministers drank together.Liu Bang seemed very happy. When talking about why Chu lost the world and why Han won the world, Liu Bang said that the key is to use the three heroes together.

He praised Zhang Liangdao in his words: "I am not as good as Zifang (Zhang Liang's word) in strategizing and decisively winning thousands of miles away."

The first laying of the foundation of the country, the beginning of the world, and the location of the capital are undoubtedly of great significance to the consolidation and development of the emerging Western Han Dynasty

At first, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, wanted to make Luoyang his capital for a long time, and most of the officials also held this view.One day, Lou Jing, a native of Qi, begged to see Liu Bang, told Liu Bang that the terrain in Guanzhong was dangerous, and advised Liu Bang to make Guanzhong his capital.

Liu Bang couldn't make up his mind for a while, but at this time the ministers who advocated establishing Luoyang as the capital all stated the benefits of establishing Luoyang as the capital.Most of these people are old people from the Six Kingdoms, nostalgic for the old days, and moved to the happy land again, and persuaded: "Luoyang, the eastern capital, stretches for hundreds of years.

There is Chenggao in the east, Yaohan Mianchi in the west, backed by the Yellow River, and fronted by Yi and Luo Ershui, the geographical situation is solid and easy to defend. Only Zhang Liang supported Lou Jing's proposition. He said: "Although Luoyang has these natural dangers, its hinterland is too small, with a radius of only a few hundred miles; the fields are barren, and it is easy to be attacked from all directions. It is not the capital of using force to rule the country; In Guanzhong, there is the risk of Yaohan on the left, and the overflowing mountains of Longshu on the right.

There are three dangerous points in the north, west, and south that can be defended, and they can control the princes in the east.If the feudal lords are stable, the Yellow River and the Weishui River will be able to open water transport to transport the world's grain to supply the needs of the capital.

If there is a change in the princes, they can go eastward to transport food and grass, enough to maintain the supplies of the expedition team.This is the so-called golden city thousands of miles, the land of abundance!Or Lou Jing's claim is correct. "Zhang Liang's analysis was comprehensive and profound, coupled with the high expectations and the trust of Liu Bang, so Han Gaozu immediately decided to set his capital in Guanzhong.

One day, Liu Bang was in the South Palace of Luoyang. From the pavilion road, he saw the generals sitting on the sand and whispering, so he asked Zhang Liang what they were talking about.

Zhang Liang deliberately alarmist said: "They are discussing rebellion!"

Liu Bang was taken aback, and hurriedly asked: "The world has been settled for the first time, why do they want to rebel again?"

Zhang Liang replied: "You started from the common people, and you won the world by using these talents. Now you are the emperor, but the people you usually love are the ones who are enshrined, and the people you usually hate are the ones you kill." Now North Korea and China are counting military exploits.

If all the people are enfeoffed, the land in the world is limited after all.These people are afraid that you will not be able to award them, and they are afraid that if you pursue their usual mistakes, they will be killed in the end, so they gathered together to discuss rebellion! " Liu Bang hurriedly asked: "Then what should we do?"
Zhang Liang asked; "Who is the person you hate the most and is known to all the officials?" Liu Bang replied, "That's Yong Chi." Zhang Liang said: "Then you should reward Yong Chi first."Seeing that Yong Chi has been rewarded, the officials will naturally feel at ease. "

Therefore, Liu Bang set up a banquet to entertain the officials, and granted Yongchi the title of Marquis of Shifang on the spot, and urged the prime ministers and censors to set their merits and seal them as soon as possible.Seeing this, the officials were all overjoyed, and they all commented: "People like Yong Chi can be named Marquis, so we don't have to worry."

Zhang Liang's move not only corrected Liu Bang's malpractice of nepotism and selfish rewards, but also easily eased the contradictions and avoided a possible turmoil.His political tactics of keeping one enemy and strengthening the hearts of the people are often concocted by politicians of later generations in the same way.

Zhang Liang had always been weak and sick. Ever since Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty entered Guanzhong, and the world was initially settled, he excused his illness and stayed behind closed doors.With the gradual stabilization of Liu Bang's throne, Zhang Liang gradually retreated from the status of "the emperor's teacher" to the "emperor's guest", following the principle of dispensable, advancing and stopping at times.

In Liu Bangjian's cruel struggle to eliminate kings with different surnames in the early Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang rarely participated in the planning.In the open and secret struggles of the Western Han royal family, Zhang Liang also abided by the last motto of "Separate relatives".

In the tenth year of the Han Dynasty, a new crisis emerged in the upper echelons of the Han Dynasty.

Liu Bang has the intention of changing the prince.At that time, Liu Bang loved Mrs. Qi, and found out that Empress Lu had a different heart, and there were signs of replacing Liu as king, so he wanted to abolish the prince Xiaohui (the son of Empress Lu) and make Zhao Wang Ruyi the state heir.

The ministers of the ruling and opposition parties raised a group of complaints, but they could not change Liu Bang's original intention at all.Seeing that the crown prince was about to be deprived, Empress Lu asked for help from the "brain tank" Zhang Liang.Zhang Liang considered that the crown prince was one of the most important matters, and he should not be easily replaced. The great Confucian uncle Sun Tong said it well: "The crown prince is the foundation of the world, and the foundation shakes the world."

In addition, the world was settled at that time, the ruling foundation of the Han Dynasty was not yet solid, and various systems were still being improved. Only by following the status quo and governing by doing nothing can the world be stabilized and the country be stabilized.Based on this overall situation, Zhang Liangsui said to Empress Lu: It is difficult to keep the prince with words. Hao".

If the prince humbly asks "Sihao" to go out of the mountain, and goes in and out of the palace with "Sihao", the emperor will know it by asking, and if he knows it, the crown prince can be secured.As Zhang Liang said, Liu Bang asked that the "Si Hao" who accompanied the prince were hermits whom he could not count. Now they are around the prince. It can be seen that the prince's wings are already full and hard. There is no choice but to mention Prince Yi Li again. one thing.

The prince finally got the heir, and Empress Lu respected Zhang Liang for this.